Babban Tafkin Mai Bitter
| Babban Tafkin Mai Bitter | |
|---|---|
.JPG) | |
| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 0 m |
| Tsawo | 23.2 km |
| Fadi | 10.8 km |
| Yawan fili | 250 km² |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 30°19′21″N 32°22′57″E / 30.3225°N 32.3825°E |
| Bangare na |
Bitter Lakes (en) |
| Kasa | Misra |
| Hydrography (en) | |
| Inflow (en) |
duba
|
| Outflows (en) | Suez canal |
Babban Tafkin Bitter (Arabic) babban Tafkin ruwan gishiri ne a Misira wanda yake wani ɓangare na Suez Canal . Kafin a gina tashar a 1869, Babban Tafkin Bitter ya kasance kwarin gishiri ko kwandon ruwa.[1] An yi nassoshi ga Babban Tafkin Bitter a cikin Tsohon Littattafan Pyramid.
Tashar ta haɗa Babban Tafkin Bitter zuwa Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Har ila yau, tashar ta haɗa shi da Ƙananan Tafkin Bitter (Arabic; transliterated: al-Buhayrah al-Murra as-Sughra).
Jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya ta hanyar Suez Canal suna amfani da Great Bitter Lake a matsayin "hanyar wucewa", inda za su iya wucewa wasu jiragen ruwa ko juyawa.[1]
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunayen Turanci na Zamani da Larabci fassara ne na sunan Girkanci ( Ancient Greek). An kuma san shi a Latin da "tafkin matattu" ( Latin . ). [2] Sunan Masar na da da na yankin Bitter Lakes shine km-wr, wanda aka kunna. "babban baƙar fata".
Gishiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]salinity na tafkin ya bambanta tare da zurfinsa kuma ya fi girma a kasa inda ruwa ke hulɗa da ajiyar gishiri da ta riga ta kasance, wanda ke raguwa akai-akai saboda rushewa - don haka ci gaba da kara zurfin tafkin - tun lokacin da tashar ta fara aiki a 1869.[3]
Salinity yana ƙarƙashin bambancin yanayi sakamakon sake zagayowar evaporation na shekara-shekara.[3][4] A farkon karni na 20, an auna mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar a matsayin 4.5% da 5.4%, bi da bi, tare da matsakaitan gishiri na 4.9% (watau 49 g na gishiri a kowace kilogram na ruwan tafkin). [3]
Lokacin da aka rufe Suez Canal na tsawon shekaru takwas, wanda ya fara a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida a 1967, gishirin tafkin ya karu sosai. A cikin 2017 mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar an auna a 4.1% da 4.5%, tare da matsakaitan kusa da 4.1% . [4] Don kwatanta, ruwan teku yana da matsakaicin 3.5%, yayin da Tekun Gishiri ke kusa da 34%.
Salinity na tafkin ya dogara da yawan ruwan teku da ke gudana a ciki daga Red da Bahar Rum. Ko da lokacin da tashar ta bude, a wasu wurare Babban Tafkin Bitter na iya samun matakin salinity "fiye da sau biyu" matakin teku. Duk da yake wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala ga rayuwar shuke-shuke su kasance a can, nau'o'i da yawa (na crabs, alal misali) suna ƙaura daga Bahar Maliya ta hanyar yankin.
Kamar yadda tashar ba ta da makullin, Ruwa teku yana gudana cikin tafkin daga Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Gabaɗaya, arewacin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana juyawa a yanayi, yana zuwa arewa a cikin hunturu da kudu a lokacin rani. Kudancin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana da ruwa, yana juyawa tare da ruwa a cikin Bahar Maliya. Kifi da crabs na iya yin ƙaura, gabaɗaya a arewacin arewa, ta hanyar tashar ruwa da tabkuna a cikin abin da aka sani da ƙaura na Lessepsian, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan Bahar Maliya suka zo su mallaki gabashin Bahar Rum.
Gastropods da bivalves na Babban Bitter Lake
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gastropods guda talatin da daya [5] (tebur 1) da nau'in nau'in bivalve 19 [6] (tebur 2) an rubuta su a cikin tafkin. [7] Gastropods Pusillina radiata da Cyclope neritea, da bivalves Cerastoderma glauca da Tapes decussatus sune kawai nau'in anti-Lessepsian waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga Bahar Rum.
Tsakanin bazara na 2 da hunturu na 2, an sami nau'o'i daban-daban 41 na phyla huɗu, daga cikinsu akwai nau'o-nau'in molluscan 12. Daga cikin dukkan phyla, molluscs sun rubuta mafi girman yawa, tare da rikodin mutane 90,632 a kowace m2, saboda yawan Modiolus oriculatus (75,052 mutane a kowace m2 a kowace shekara). [8]
Molluscs da ƙarfe masu nauyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban tafkin Bitter Lake yafi kunshe da laka da yashi (yawanci carbonate), [7] wanda zai iya danganta da manyan ayyukan hako da ke faruwa a cikin Suez Canal don fadada shi. [8] Ƙasa ba ta da kyau saboda yanayin tafkin da ya lalace tare da tarin gurɓataccen abu da ke fitowa daga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da ke faruwa a cikin tafkin. Yanayin tafkin, duk da haka, ya canza ruwan tafkin zuwa ajiyar ƙarfe mai nauyi.[9] Abubuwa da yawa suna ƙayyade kasancewar ƙarfe mai nauyi a kasan tafkin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban bangare na gurɓataccen ƙarfe ya samo asali ne daga Yawan jama'a, Masana'antu, datti, wuraren zubar da ruwa, zubar da mai, sunadarai na noma, da sauransu.[9] Da zarar waɗannan ƙarfe masu nauyi sun haɗu tare da turɓaya da ke cikin ƙasar tafkin, suna aiki a matsayin jagora ga gurɓataccen gida, suna amsa tambayoyin inda, ta yaya, da kuma lokacin da taron gurɓata ya faru. Ana rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi a kan yankin tafkin. Hanyoyin daban-daban na waɗannan karafa sun kasance a yankuna 11 na tafkin; shida sun kasance a bakin teku a zurfin 2-3 m, kuma biyar sun kasance a waje a zurfin 12-15 m.[8]
Molluscs sune masu nuna gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin jikin ruwa saboda ikon su na sha ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi ya bazu a duk faɗin tafkin a zurfi daban-daban a cikin ruwa da kuma turɓaya.[8] Kowace tashar tana yin rikodin wani matakin don ƙarfe mai nauyi da ke cikin kewayenta. Kowane nau'in sinadarai ya kai mafi girma (ko mafi ƙasƙanci) a wani wuri a cikin tafkin kuma kowannensu a wurare daban-daban. A gefe ɗaya, rarrabawar ta nuna cewa gurɓataccen ba wai kawai ya fi mayar da hankali a wani yanki na tafkin ba, har ma da cewa ya bazu sosai; a gefe ɗaya, ya nuna cewa nau'in molluscan a cikin tafkin ba duk suna fuskantar adadi ɗaya ko nau'in ƙarfe mai nauyi ba. Sakamakon haka, nau'in molluscan suna tara nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi daban-daban dangane da wurin da suke a cikin tafkin, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kimanta yawan guba daban-daban a cikin ruwan tafkin.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 "Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009)". Earth Observatory NASA. 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ↑ "TM Places". www.trismegistos.org. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- 1 2 3 Wüst, Georg (1935). "Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal". International Hydrographic Review. XII (1): 137–141.
- 1 2 El-Serehy, Hamed A.; Abdallah, Hala S.; Al-Misned, Fahad A.; Irshad, Rizwan; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Almalki, Esam S. (2018). "Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (in Turanci). 25 (2): 204–212. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 5816010. PMID 29472766.
- ↑ "The Gastropoda".
- ↑ "The Bivalvia".
- 1 2 Hoffman, Leon; Dekker, Henk (2006). "Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta". Gloria Mairs. 45 (1–2): 30–45. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 4 Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). "Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt". The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 46 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 Dar, Mahmoud A.; Belal, Aisha A.; Madkour, Amany G. (December 2018). "The differential abilities of some molluscs to accumulate heavy metals within their shells in the Timsah and the Great Bitter lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt". The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 44 (4): 291–298. doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2018.11.008. ISSN 1687-4285.