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Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

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Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Bayanai
Gajeren suna UNGA, AGNU, AGNU da GS ZN
Iri international parliament (en) Fassara da principal organ of the United Nations (en) Fassara
Aiki
Bangare na United Nations System (en) Fassara da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Ƙaramar kamfani na
UNICEF (mul) Fassara, United Nations Development Programme (en) Fassara, United Nations System Staff College (en) Fassara, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (en) Fassara da UN Trade and Development (en) Fassara
Mulki
Shugaba Dennis Francis (mul) Fassara
Hedkwata Headquarters of the United Nations (en) Fassara
Subdivisions
United Nations General Assembly Fifth Committee (en) Fassara
United Nations General Assembly First Committee (en) Fassara
United Nations General Assembly Fourth Committee (en) Fassara
United Nations General Assembly Second Committee (en) Fassara
United Nations General Assembly Sixth Committee (en) Fassara
United Nations General Assembly Third Committee (en) Fassara
Mamallaki Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira 1945
un.org…

Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( UNGA ko GA ; French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies, [1] AGNU ko AG) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan gabobin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya guda shida (UN), wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban shirinta, tsara manufofi, da sashin wakilci. A halin yanzu a zamansa na 79, an tsara ikonsa, tsarinsa, ayyuka, da hanyoyinsa a Babi na IV na Yarjejeniya Ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ce ke da alhakin kula da kasafin kuɗin MDD, da naɗa mambobin da ba na din-din-din ba a kwamitin sulhu, naɗa babban sakataren MDD, da karɓar rahotanni daga wasu sassan tsarin MDD, da kuma ba da shawarwari ta hanyar shawarwari. Har ila yau, tana kafa gabobin rassa da yawa don ci gaba ko taimakawa a cikin faffaɗan aikinta. [2] UNGA ita ce kungiyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ɗaya tilo da dukkan ƙasashe membobi ke da wakilci iri ɗaya.

Babban taron yana ganawa a ƙarƙashin shugabanta ko babban sakatare na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a zaman shekara-shekara a Ginin Majalisar, a cikin hedkwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a birnin New York. Matakin farko na waɗannan tarurrukan gabaɗaya yana gudana daga watan Satumba zuwa wani ɓangare na watan Janairu har sai an magance dukkan batutuwa, wanda galibi kafin a fara zama na gaba. [3] Hakanan yana iya sake haɗuwa don zama na musamman da na gaggawa. An gudanar da zama na farko a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 1946 a babban ɗakin taro na Methodist a London kuma ya haɗa da wakilan ƙasashe 51 da suka kafa.

Yawancin tambayoyi ana yanke hukunci a Babban Taro da rinjaye mai sauƙi. Kowace ƙasa memba tana da kuri'a ɗaya. Zaɓe kan wasu muhimman tambayoyi wato shawarwari kan zaman lafiya da tsaro; damuwar kasafin kuɗi; kuma zaɓen, shigar, dakatarwa, ko kuma korar mambobin shine da kashi biyu bisa uku na waɗanda suka halarta da kuma kaɗa kuri'a. Baya ga amincewa da batutuwan da suka shafi kasafin kuɗi, gami da amincewa da ma'aunin tantancewa, kudurorin majalisar ba su da alaka da mambobin. Majalisar na iya ba da shawarwari kan duk wani lamari da ya shafi Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, sai dai batutuwan da suka shafi zaman lafiya da tsaro a ƙarƙashin kwamitin sulhun.

A cikin shekarun 1980, Majalisar ta zama dandalin tattaunawa na "Tattaunawar Arewa da Kudu" tsakanin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu da ƙasashe masu tasowa kan batutuwa daban-daban na ƙasa da ƙasa. Waɗannan batutuwan sun fito fili ne saboda gagarumin ci gaba da canza fasalin zama memba na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A cikin shekarar 1945, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da mambobi 51, wanda a ƙarni na 21 ya kusan ninka sau huɗu zuwa 193, wanda fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na ƙasashe masu tasowa ne. Saboda yawansu, ƙasashe masu tasowa sau da yawa suna iya tantance ajandar Majalisar (ta yin amfani da ƙungiyoyi masu daidaitawa kamar G77), yanayin muhawarar ta, da kuma yanayin yanke shawara. Ga kasashe masu tasowa da yawa, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ita ce tushen yawancin tasirin diflomasiyya da kuma babbar hanyar da suke bi wajen kulla hulɗar ƙasashen waje.

Ko da yake kudurorin da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar ba su da karfi a kan ƙasashe mambobin kungiyar (ban da matakan kasafin Kuɗi), bisa ga kudurinta na haɗin kai don zaman lafiya na watan Nuwamba 1950 (shafi na 377 (V)), Majalisar kuma na iya ɗaukar mataki idan Kwamitin Tsaron ya kasa yin aiki, saboda mummunan kuri'ar wani memba na dindindin, a cikin yanayin da akwai alama akwai barazana ga zaman lafiya, ko kuma tada zaune tsaye. Majalisar za ta iya yin nazari kan lamarin nan take da nufin ba da shawarwari ga Membobi don ɗaukar matakan gama kai don kiyaye ko maido da zaman lafiya da tsaro na ƙasa da ƙasa.

Tarihi

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Methodist Central Hall, London, wurin da aka yi taron farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1946 [4]

An gudanar da taron farko na babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 1946 a babban dakin taro na Methodist da ke Landan kuma ya hada da wakilan ƙasashe 51. [4] Daga baya, har sai an ƙaura zuwa gidanta na dindindin a Manhattan a cikin shekarar 1951, Majalisar ta yi taro a tsohon Pavilion na New York na 1939 New York World's Fair a Flushing, New York. [5] A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba, 1947, Majalisar ta kaɗa kuri'ar amincewa da Shirin Rarraba Falasɗinu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a wannan wurin. [6]

Taron 1947 a wurin taron Babban Taro tsakanin 1946 zuwa 1951 a Flushing, New York

A cikin shekarar 1946-1951 Babban Taro, Kwamitin Tsaro da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki sun gudanar da aiki a hedkwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na wucin gadi a Lake Success, New York. [7] A cikin wannan lokacin a cikin shekarar 1949, gidan talabijin na CBS ya ba da labarin kai tsaye na waɗannan zaman kan shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryenta na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Action wanda ɗan jarida Edmund Chester ya shirya. [8]

Ta koma hedikwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta dindindin a birnin New York a farkon zamanta na shekara-shekara na bakwai, a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, 1952. A cikin watan Disamba 1988, don jin Yasser Arafat, Babban taron Majalisar ya shirya taro na 43 a Fadar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, a Geneva, Switzerland.

Membobinsu

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Dukkan membobi 193 na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya su ne membobin Babban Taro, tare da ƙarin Holy See da Falasɗinu a matsayin ƙasashen masu sa ido da kuma Tarayyar Turai (tun daga shekarar 1974). Bugu da ƙari, Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na iya ba da matsayin mai sa ido ga ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ko wani ɗan-ƙasa, wanda hakan ke ba wa ɗan-ƙasan damar shiga ayyukan Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, kodayake da takaita.

Tsarin Ayyuka

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Ana tsara tsarin ayyukan kowanne zama har watanni bakwai kafin a fara, sannan a fitar da jerin abubuwan da za a saka cikin tsarin wucin gadi.[9] Ana fayyace wannan jerin zuwa tsarin wucin gadi a cikin kwanaki 60 kafin bude zaman. Bayan zaman ya fara, ana amince da tsarin karshe a taron gamayya wanda ke raba ayyuka ga manyan kwamitoci, wadanda daga bisani sukan gabatar da rahotanni ga babban taro domin a amince da su ta hanyar daidaito ko kuri'a.

Ana lamba abubuwan cikin tsarin. A cikin shekaru baya-bayan nan, ana tsara tarukan gamayya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya su gudana na tsawon watanni uku; sai dai yawan aiki da ke kara yawan nauyin zaman ya sa a cigaba da su har kusa da zaman gaba. Ana fara tarukan da aka saba shirya su a ranar Talata na mako na uku cikin watan Satumba, tun daga makon farko da ke dauke da akalla wani ranar aiki guda, bisa Ka’idojin Gudanarwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[10] Zaman biyu na baya daga cikin wadannan taruka da aka saba gudanarwa an tsara su a dakatar bayan watanni uku a farkon watan Disamba; sai dai an ci gaba da su a watan Janairu har kusan lokacin fara zaman gaba.[11] [12]

Shawarwari

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File:Mahathir Mohamad addressing the United Nations General Assembly (September 25 2003).jpg|thumb|Firayim Ministan Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad yana jawabi a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2003 File:Dmitry Medvedev in the United States 24 September 2009-5.jpg|thumb|Shugaban Rasha Dmitry Medvedev yana jawabi a zaman na 64 na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2009.

Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana kada kuri'a kan shawarwari da jihohi masu tallafawa suka kawo. Waɗannan gabaɗaya bayani ne da ke nuna ra'ayin al'ummar duniya game da jerin matsalolin duniya.[13] Yawancin shawarwarin Babban Taro ba sa da ƙarfi na doka ko aiki, saboda Babban Taro ba shi da ikon tilasta wa a mafi yawan al'amura.[14] Babban Taro yana da ikon yanke hukunci na ƙarshe a wasu fannoni kamar kasafin kuɗin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[15]

Babban Taro kuma zai iya mika wani lamari ga Kwamitin Tsaro don ya kafa shawarar da za ta zama tilas.[16]

Tsarin lambar shawarwari

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Daga zaman na Farko zuwa zaman na Talatin na Babban Taro, dukkan shawarwarin Babban Taro an lamba su a jere, tare da lambar shawara sannan a biyo da lambar zaman da aka rubuta a haruffan Roman (misali, Shawara 1514 (XV), wadda ita ce shawara ta 1514 da aka amince da ita ta Majalisa kuma aka karɓa a Zaman na 15 na doka a 1960). Farawa daga Zaman na 31, shawarwari suna da lamba ta musamman ga kowanne zaman (misali Shawara 41/10 tana wakiltar shawara ta 10 da aka karɓa a Zaman na 41).[17]

Kasafin Kuɗi

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Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya yana da alhakin amincewa da kasafin kuɗin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da yanke adadin kuɗin da kowace ƙasa memba za ta biya don gudanar da ƙungiyar.[18]

Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da alhakin amincewa da kasafin kuɗi ga Babban Taro (Babbi na IV, Mataki na 17) da kuma shirya kasafin kuɗi ga Babban Sakatare a matsayin "babban jami'in gudanarwa" (Babbi na XV, Mataki na 97). Yarjejeniyar ta kuma magance rashin biyan gudummawar da aka kimanta (Babbi na IV, Mataki na 19).

Tsarin shiryawa, tsara aiki, kasafi, sa ido, da kimantawa na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya canza tsawon shekaru; manyan kudurori da suka shafi tsarin sun haɗa da: kudurorin Babban Taro na 41/213 na 19 Disamba 1986, 42/211 na 21 Disamba 1987, da 45/248 na 21 Disamba 1990.[19]

Kasafin kuɗi yana rufe kuɗin shirye-shiryen Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a fannoni kamar harkokin siyasa, shari'a da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba, bayani ga jama'a, haƙƙin ɗan adam, da lamurran jinƙai.

Babban tushe na kuɗaɗen kasafin kuɗi na yau da kullum shi ne gudummawar ƙasashen membobi. Ma'aunin kimanta gudummawar yana dogara da ƙarfin kowace ƙasa wajen biyan kuɗi. Ana tantance hakan ta hanyar la'akari da yawan kayayyakin da ƙasa ke samarwa gaba ɗaya (GNP), tare da yin gyare-gyare dangane da abubuwa da dama, ciki har da kudaden shiga na ɗan ƙasa.

Baya ga kasafin kuɗi na yau da kullum, ana kuma kimanta ƙasashen membobi don kuɗin kotunan ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma, bisa ga wata siga da aka gyara ta ma'aunin asali, don kuɗaɗen ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya.[20]

Zabe

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Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne aka ba amanar gudanar da zaben mambobin sassa daban-daban na tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ana iya samun tsarin gudanar da wadannan zabuka a Sashe na 15 na Ka'idojin Gudanar da Ayyukan Babban Taron. Muhimman zabukan da Babban Taro ke gudanarwa sun hada da wadanda za a zabi Shugaban Babban Taro na gaba, Majalisar Tsaron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama’a, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, Kotun Duniya ta Shari’a, alkalan Kotun Warware Rigima ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Kotun Karar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Yawancin zabuka ana gudanar da su ne duk shekara, sai zabukan alkalan ICJ wadanda ake yi duk bayan shekaru uku.[21][22]

Babban Taro a kowace shekara yana zaben mambobi biyar marasa dindindin na Majalisar Tsaro na tsawon shekaru biyu, mambobi 18 na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama’a na tsawon shekaru uku, da mambobi 14–18 na Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na tsawon shekaru uku. Haka kuma, yana zaben shugabannin zaman Babban Taro na gaba, wato Shugaban Babban Taro na gaba, mataimaka shugabanni 21, da shugabannin manyan kwamitoci guda shida.[21][23][24]

Zabukan Kotun Duniya ta Shari’a ana gudanar da su duk bayan shekaru uku don tabbatar da dorewar tsarin kotun. A wadannan zabukan, ana zaben alkalan biyar na tsawon shekaru tara. Ana gudanar da wadannan zabuka ne tare da Majalisar Tsaro, inda dole ne ‘yan takara su sami rinjayen kuri’u a duka sassan biyu.[25]

Babban Taro tare da Majalisar Tsaro suna zaben sakataren janar na gaba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Babban ɓangaren wadannan zabukan ana gudanar da su ne a Majalisar Tsaro, inda Babban Taro kawai yake tabbatar da wanda Majalisar Tsaro ta gabatar.[26]

Kungiyoyin yankuna

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Rabewar kujerun Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama’a bisa ga kungiyoyin yankuna:
  Jihohin Afirka (14)
  Jihohin Asiya-Pacific (11)
  Jihohin Turai ta Gabas (6)
  Jihohin Latin Amurka da Caribbean (10)
  Jihohin Turai ta Yamma da Sauran Jihohi (13)

Kungiyoyin Yankuna na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya an kirkiro su ne domin saukaka rabon kujeru na adalci tsakanin Jihohi Mambobi a cikin sassa daban-daban na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Kuduri na 33/138 na Babban Taro ya bayyana cewa "dole ne a tsara sassa daban-daban na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yadda za su zama wakilan mambobinsu." Saboda haka, ana raba jihohin mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zuwa yankuna guda biyar ta hanyar tsarin al'ada, inda yawancin sassan Majalisar ke da adadin kujeru na musamman da aka ware wa kowanne yanki. Bugu da kari, shugabancin yawancin sassan ma yana juyawa tsakanin kungiyoyin yankuna, kamar shugabancin Babban Taro da shugabancin manyan kwamitoci guda shida.[26][27][28]

Kungiyoyin yankuna suna aiki bisa tsarin fahimtar juna. ‘Yan takarar da suka samu goyon bayan kungiyoyin yawanci Babban Taro ne ke zabe a duk wani zabe na gaba.[28]

Zaman taro

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Zaman taro na yau da kullum

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Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana gudanar da zaman taro na yau da kullum duk shekara wanda ke farawa a ranar Talata ta uku na watan Satumba, kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa watan Satumba na gaba. Ana gudanar da zaman taro ne a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke New York sai dai idan Babban Taro ya canza da kuri’ar rinjaye.[21][29]

Ana raba zaman taron yau da kullum zuwa lokuta biyu, babban bangare da kuma bangaren ci gaba da zaman. A lokacin babban bangaren zaman, wanda yake daga lokacin bude zaman har zuwa hutun Kirsimeti a watan Disamba, ana kammala yawancin aikin Babban Taro. Wannan lokaci shi ne mafi cunkoso ga Babban Taro kuma ya hada da muhawarar gaba daya da yawancin aikin kwamitoci shida na Babban Taro. Bangaren ci gaba da zaman kuma, wanda ke gudana daga watan Janairu har zuwa fara sabon zaman, yana dauke da karin muhawarori na jigo, tsarin tuntuba da tarurrukan kungiyoyin aiki.[30]

Muhawarar gaba ɗaya

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Firayim Ministan Spain José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero yana magana a Babban Taro a New York, 20 Satumba 2005
Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama yana jawabi a Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 2011.
Shugabar Brazil Dilma Rousseff tana gabatar da jawabin bude zaman a zaman taro na 66 na Babban Taro a ranar 21 Satumba 2011, wanda ya zama karon farko da mace ta bude zaman taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[31]

Muhawarar gaba daya ta kowane sabon zaman Babban Taro ana gudanar da ita a mako na gaba bayan bude zaman taro na hukuma, yawanci Talata ta gaba, kuma ana gudanar da ita ba tare da katsewa ba na tsawon kwanaki tara na aiki. Muhawarar gaba daya babban taro ne na matakin koli, wanda yawanci shugabannin jihohi ko gwamnati, ministocin gwamnati da wakilan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke halarta. A yayin muhawarar gaba daya, ana ba Jihohin Mambobi dama su jawo hankali kan batutuwa ko matsalolin da suke ganin suna da muhimmanci. Baya ga muhawarar gaba daya, akwai taruka da dama na jigo, taron koli da tarukan marasa tsari na musamman da ake gudanarwa a makon muhawarar gaba daya.[32][33][34]

Zaman taro na musamman

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Ana iya kira zaman taro na musamman, ko UNGASS, ta hanyoyi uku, a bukatar Majalisar Tsaro, a bukatar yawancin Jihohin Mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ko ta mamba guda daya, muddin mafi rinjaye sun amince. Yawanci zaman taro na musamman na maida hankali ne kan jigo daya sannan a kammala shi da karbar daya ko biyu daga cikin takardun sakamako, kamar sanarwar siyasa, shirin aiki ko dabarar magance batun da ake tattaunawa. Hakanan sukan kasance taruka ne na matakin koli da shugabannin jihohi da gwamnati ke halarta, da kuma ministocin gwamnati. A tarihin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an gudanar da zaman taro na musamman 32.[30][35][36]

Zaman taro na gaggawa na musamman

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Idan Majalisar Tsaro ta kasa, yawanci saboda rashin jituwa tsakanin mambobin dindindin, ta yanke hukunci kan barazana ga zaman lafiya da tsaron duniya, za a iya kira zaman taro na gaggawa na musamman don bayar da shawarwari masu dacewa ga Jihohin Mambobi kan matakan hadin gwiwa. Wannan iko an bai wa Babban Taro ne a Kuduri na 377(V) na 3 Nuwamba 1950.[30][37][38]

Ana iya kira zaman taro na gaggawa na musamman ta Majalisar Tsaro idan akalla mambobi bakwai sun goyi bayan hakan, ko ta mafi rinjayen Jihohin Mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Idan aka samu kuri’u masu yawa, Babban Taro dole ne ya taru cikin awanni 24, tare da sanar da Mambobi akalla awa goma sha biyu kafin bude zaman. A tarihin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an gudanar da zaman taro na gaggawa na musamman 11.[21]

Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa

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Ginin Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Hoton Panorama na Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa na Babban Taro sun kasu kashi biyar: kwamitoci (jimillar su 30, shida na manyan kwamitoci), kwamishinoni (shida), kwamitoci masu aiki (bakwai), majalisu (hudu) da kuma kwamitoci na musamman (ɗaya), ƙungiyoyin aiki, da “sauran.”

Kwamitoci

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Manyan kwamitoci

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Manyan kwamitoci ana ba su lambobi daga 1 zuwa 6:[39]

  • Kwamitin Farko: Kwamitin Rushe Makamai da Tsaro na Duniya yana kula da batutuwan rushe makamai da batutuwan tsaro na duniya da suka shafi hakan
  • Kwamitin Na Biyu: Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi yana kula da batutuwan tattalin arziki
  • Kwamitin Na Uku: Kwamitin Zamantakewa, Al’adu, da Jin Kai yana kula da batutuwan zamantakewa da jin kai
  • Kwamitin Na Hudu: Kwamitin Siyasa ta Musamman da Ƙololuwar Mulkin Mallaka yana kula da batutuwan siyasa daban-daban da ba Kwamitin Farko ya kula da su ba, da kuma batutuwan kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka
  • Kwamitin Na Biyar: Kwamitin Gudanarwa da Kasafin Kuɗi yana kula da gudanarwa da kasafin kuɗin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
  • Kwamitin Na Shida: Kwamitin Shari’a yana kula da batutuwan shari’a

Rawar da manyan kwamitoci ke takawa ta canza tsawon lokaci. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970, Kwamitin Farko shi ne Kwamitin Siyasa da Tsaro kuma akwai isassun batutuwan “siyasa” da aka kafa wani ƙarin babban kwamitin da ba shi da lamba, wanda aka kira Kwamitin Siyasa ta Musamman. A da, Kwamitin Na Hudu yana kula da batutuwan Jiƙa da Mulkin Mallaka. Yayin da batutuwan irin waɗannan ke ƙaruwa yayin da yankunan amana suka samu ‘yancin kai da kuma ci gaban motsin kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka, an haɗa ayyukan Kwamitin Siyasa ta Musamman cikin Kwamitin Na Hudu a cikin shekarun 1990.

Kowane babban kwamitin ya ƙunshi dukkan mambobin Babban Taro. Kowane kwamitin yana zaɓar shugaban kwamitin, mataimakan shugabanni uku, da mai bayar da rahoto a farkon kowanne zaman taro na yau da kullum na Babban Taro.

Sauran kwamitoci

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Shugaban Tarayyar Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev yana jawabi a Babban Taro a watan Disamba 1988

Waɗannan ba a ba su lambobi. Bisa shafin yanar gizo na Babban Taro, mafi muhimmanci sune:[39]

  • Kwamitin Takardun Shaidar – Wannan kwamitin yana da alhakin tabbatar da cewa takardun shaidar diflomasiyya na dukkan wakilan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi daidai. Kwamitin Takardun Shaidar yana da Jihohi Mambobi tara da ake zaɓar su a farkon kowanne zaman Babban Taro.
  • Kwamitin Gaba ɗaya – Wannan kwamitin na kula da tabbatar da cewa dukkan taron Babban Taro yana tafiya yadda ya kamata. Kwamitin Gaba ɗaya ya ƙunshi shugaban da mataimakan shugabanni na Babban Taro na yanzu da kuma shugabannin manyan kwamitoci guda shida.

Sauran kwamitocin Babban Taro ana jera su.[40]

Kwamishinoni

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai kwamishinoni guda shida:[41]

  • Kwamitin Rushe Makamai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 502 (VI) da S-10/2
  • Hukumar Ma’aikatan Hidimar Duniya, an kafa ta ta Kudurin GA 3357 (XXIX)
  • Hukumar Dokokin Duniya, an kafa ta ta Kudurin GA 174 (II)
  • Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokokin Kasuwanci ta Duniya (UNCITRAL), an kafa ta ta Kudurin GA 2205 (XXI)
  • Hukumar Sulhu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Falasdinu, an kafa ta ta Kudurin GA 194 (III)
  • Hukumar Gina Zaman Lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an kafa ta ta Kudurin GA 60/180 da Kudurin Majalisar Tsaro 1645 (2005) da 1646 (2005)

Duk da sunanta, tsohuwar Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNCHR) a zahiri sashen ƙasa da ƙasa ce ta ECOSOC.

Kwamitoci masu aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai kwamitoci bakwai waɗanda aka raba su zuwa rukuni biyu: a) Kwamitocin Zartarwa da b) Kwamitoci[42]

Kwamitocin Zartarwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. Kwamitin Zartarwa na UNICEF, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 57 (I) da 48/162
  2. Kwamitin Zartarwa na UNDP da UNFPA, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 2029 (XX) da 48/162
  3. Kwamitin Zartarwa na WFP, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 50/8

Kwamitoci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. Kwamitin Masu Binciken Lissafi, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 74 (I)
  2. Kwamitin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaba, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 1995 (XIX)
  3. Kwamitin Hadin Gwiwar Fansho na Ma’aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 248 (III)
  4. Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Batutuwan Rushe Makamai, an kafa shi ta Kudurin GA 37/99 K

Majalisu da kwamitoci na musamman

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sabuwar majalisa ita ce Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce ta maye gurbin UNCHR a watan Maris 2006.

Jimillar akwai majalisu guda hudu da kwamitin musamman guda ɗaya.[43]

Ƙungiyoyin Aiki da Sauran

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na aiki da sauran sassan ƙasa da ƙasa.[44]

Zaunawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kasashe ana zaunar da su bisa haruffan Alphabet a cikin Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bisa fassarar sunayensu a Turanci. Kasar da za ta zauna a gaban hagu ana tantancewa ne duk shekara ta sakataren-janar ta hanyar kada kuri'a. Sauran kasashen suna biyo baya bisa tsarin haruffan Alphabet.[45]

Gyara da UNPA

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A ranar 21 ga Maris 2005, Sakataren-janar Kofi Annan ya gabatar da rahoton, In Larger Freedom, wanda ya soki Babban Taron saboda mai da hankali sosai kan samun daidaito har yana wucewa da kudurori masu rauni da ke nuna "mafi ƙarancin matsaya na ra'ayoyi daban-daban."[46] Haka kuma ya soki taron saboda yunƙurin magance ajanda mai faɗi maimakon mai da hankali kan "muhimman batutuwan yau, kamar hijirar ƙasa da ƙasa da yarjejeniyar ta'addanci da ake ta muhawara." Annan ya ba da shawarar a tsabtace ajandar Babban Taron, tsarin kwamitocinsa, da hanyoyin gudanarwarsa; a ƙarfafa rawar shugabansa; a ƙara wa ƙungiyoyin farar hula tasiri; da kuma samar da tsarin sake duba shawarar kwamitoci, domin rage ayyukan da ba a tallafa musu ba da kuma tsoma baki cikin ƙananan ayyukan Ma'aikatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Annan ya tunatar da mambobin MDD nauyin aiwatar da gyare-gyare idan suna fata ganin inganci ya karu a MDD.[47]

Shawarwarin gyara ba a dauke su a taron kolin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na duniya a watan Satumba 2005 ba. Maimakon haka, taron ya tabbatar da matsayin Babban Taro a matsayin babbar cibiyar tattaunawa, tsara manufofi da wakilci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da kuma rawar shawara a cikin tsarin kafa ka'idoji da tsara dokokin kasa da kasa. Taron ya kuma bukaci a kara karfafa dangantaka tsakanin Babban Taro da sauran muhimman bangarorin domin tabbatar da hadin kai wajen batutuwan da ke bukatar hadin kai daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bisa ga huruminsu.[48]

Majalisar 'Yan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ko Majalisar Jama'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNPA), wata shawara ce da za ta iya bai wa jama'a damar zabar 'yan majalisar MDD kai tsaye daga duk duniya.

A lokacin muhawarar gabaɗaya ta Babban Taron na 65, Jorge Valero, wanda ya wakilci Venezuela, ya ce "Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ƙare da tsarin da take kai yanzu ba batun ci gaba da gyare-gyare kawai ba ne, ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya na buƙatar manyan sauye-sauye da za a iya samu ne kawai da sake gina wannan ƙungiya." Ya nuna gazawar kudurori game da takunkumin Cuba da rikicin Gabas ta Tsakiya a matsayin dalilin da tsarin MDD ya gaza. Venezuela ta kuma kira a soke ikon veto a Kwamitin Tsaro saboda "ragowar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ne wanda bai dace da ka'idar daidaiton ikon ƙasashe ba."[49]

Gyaran Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya hada da shawarwari na sauya iko da tsarin Babban Taron MDD. Wannan na iya hada da, misali, duba yadda kasashe mambobi ke aiwatar da kudurorin UNGA,[50] kara ikon taron idan aka kwatanta da Kwamitin Tsaron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ko kuma yin muhawara ta zama mai amfani da guje wa maimaitawa.[51]

Babban Taron MDD ya amince da "Yarjejeniyar Don Gaba," wani shiri don magance matsalolin duniya ciki har da sauyin yanayi, dokokin AI, rashin daidaito, da rikice-rikice. Ya kira a yi gyare-gyare a Kwamitin Tsaro, kawar da makaman nukiliya, da kara haɗa matasa da mata a cikin yanke shawara. Sakataren-janar na MDD Guterres ya roƙi shugabanni su aiwatar da waɗannan alkawura.[52]

Gefen Babban Taro

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Zaman shekara-shekara na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana zuwa ne da tarurruka masu zaman kansu tsakanin shugabannin duniya, wanda aka fi sani da tarurrukan da ake yi a gefen taron. Wannan taron diflomasiyya ya kuma zama mako da ke jawo mutane masu kudi da tasiri daga duk duniya zuwa birnin New York domin tattauna batutuwa daban-daban, daga jin kai da muhalli zuwa kasuwanci da siyasa.[53]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Assemblée générale des Nations Unies". 18 April 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.
  2. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly". United Nations General Assembly. Archived from the original on Jul 15, 2018.
  3. ↑ United Nations Official Document. "The annual session convenes on Tuesday of the third week in September per Resolution 57/301, Para. 1. The opening debate begins the following Tuesday". United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "History of United Nations 1941 – 1950". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "UN_hist_1941" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ "Queens Public Library Digital". digitalarchives.queenslibrary.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  6. ↑ "United Nations, Queens: A Local History of the 1947 Israel-Palestine Partition". The Center for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  7. ↑ Druckman, Bella (19 May 2021). "The United Nations Headquarters in Long Island's Lake Success". Untapped New York. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  8. ↑ "CBS television broadcast of a new series reporting the sessions and..." Getty Images. 2 March 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  9. ↑ "Introduction - UN Documentation: General Assembly". United Nations Research Guides and Resources at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013.
  10. ↑ "Sessions, Rules of Procedure". General Assembly of the United Nations. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  11. ↑ "General Assembly Adopts Work Programme for Sixty-Fourth Session". UN General Assembly. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012.
  12. ↑ "https://www.un.org/en/ga/64/meetings/index.shtml#sep10 High-level meetings of the 64th Session", General Assembly of the UN. Archived 26 ga Yuli, 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ "Shin shawarwarin MDD suna da tilas? – Tambayi DAG!". ask.un.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  14. ↑ "Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  15. ↑ "Mataki na 17 (1) na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya". 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  16. ↑ "Matakai na 11 (2) da 11 (3) na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya". 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  17. ↑ "Annexes". Shawarwari da Yanke Hukunci da Babban Taron ya Karɓa. 2017-08-02. doi:10.18356/a9a4aeed-en. ISBN 9789210605991. ISSN 2412-0898.
  18. ↑ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?order=wbapi_data_value_2011+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc Population, total | Data | Table Archived 20 ga Yuni, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. World Bank. An karɓo 12 Yuli 2013.
  19. ↑ https://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/specrb.html#intro UN Security Council : Resolutions, Presidential Statements, Meeting Records, SC Press Releases Archived 2 Disamba 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. An karɓo 12 Yuli 2013.
  20. ↑ https://www.un.org/en/hq/dm/budget.shtml United Nations Department of Management Archived 4 ga Faburairu, 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. An karɓo 12 Yuli 2013.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya". Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 26 Yuli 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-27. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  22. ↑ Samfuri:Cite wikisource
  23. ↑ Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (17 Oktoba 2019). "Babban Taro ya zabi Jihohi 14 zuwa Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ya nada sabon Mataimakin Sakataren Janar na Kula da Hanyoyin Aiki na Cikin Gida". Rahoton Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya & Sakin Labarai. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 2 Janairu 2020. Retrieved 19 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
  24. ↑ Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (4 Yuni 2019). "Jakadan Dindindin na Najeriya ya zama Shugaban Babban Taro na 74 ta hanyar amincewa, an kuma zabi mataimaka shugabanni 20". Rahoton Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya & Sakin Labarai. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 15 Satumba 2019. Retrieved 15 Satumba 2019. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
  25. ↑ "Mambobin Kotun". Kotun Duniya ta Shari’a. n.d. Archived from the original on 24 Janairu 2020. Retrieved 19 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). Jagorar Babban Taro: Jagorar Aiki zuwa Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (PDF) (2 ed.). New York: Ofishin Dindindin na Switzerland a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. pp. 61–65. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 Nuwamba 2018. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  27. ↑ Samfuri:UN doc
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Winkelmann, Ingo (2010). Volger, Helmut (ed.). Takaitacciyar Encyclopedia na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (2 ed.). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 592–96. ISBN 978-90-04-18004-8. S2CID 159105596.
  29. ↑ "Zaman taro na yau da kullum". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. n.d. Archived from the original on 16 Disamba 2019. Retrieved 17 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). Jagoran Babban Taro: Jagorar aiki ga Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (PDF) (2 ed.). New York: Ofishin Dindindin na Switzerland a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 Nuwamba 2018. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  31. ↑ Llenas, Bryan (4 Janairu 2017). "Shugabar Brazil Rousseff za ta zama mace ta farko da za ta bude Majalisar Dinkin Duniya". Fox News. New York. Archived from the original on 6 Nuwamba 2018. Retrieved 29 Satumba 2015. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
  32. ↑ Manhire, Vanessa, ed. (2019). "Jagoran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 2019–20" (PDF). Jagoran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Wellington, N.z.). (57 ed.). Wellington: Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen New Zealand: 17. ISSN 0110-1951. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 Maris 2021. Retrieved 18 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  33. ↑ "Menene muhawarar gaba daya ta Babban Taro? Menene tsarin jawaban mahalarta muhawarar gaba daya?". Dag Hammarskjöld Library. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. 10 Yuli 2019. Archived from the original on 23 Mayu 2020. Retrieved 17 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
  34. ↑ "Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. n.d. Archived from the original on 27 Satumba 2022. Retrieved 17 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  35. ↑ Samfuri:Cite wikisource
  36. ↑ "Zaman taro na musamman". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. n.d. Archived from the original on 8 Afrilu 2020. Retrieved 17 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  37. ↑ "Zaman taro na gaggawa na musamman". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. n.d. Archived from the original on 28 Fabrairu 2022. Retrieved 17 Janairu 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  38. ↑ Samfuri:UN doc
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Manyan Kwamitoci". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 23 Oktoba 2018. Retrieved 19 Yuni 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  40. ↑ "Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa na Babban Taro: Kwamitoci". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 4 Nuwamba 2018. Retrieved 19 Yuni 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  41. ↑ "Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa na Babban Taro: Kwamishinoni". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 17 Nuwamba 2018. Retrieved 19 Yuni 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  42. ↑ "Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa na Babban Taro: Kwamitoci". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 22 Oktoba 2018. Retrieved 19 Yuni 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  43. ↑ "Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa na Babban Taro: Majalisu". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 22 Oktoba 2018. Retrieved 19 Yuni 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  44. ↑ "Sassan ƙasa da ƙasa na Babban Taro: Ƙungiyoyin Aiki". Babban Taro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Archived from the original on 31 Oktoba 2018. Retrieved 19 Yuni 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= (help)
  45. ↑ The PGA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (in Turanci). Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. 2011. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  46. ↑ "Report of the Secretary-General in Larger Freedom towards development, security and human rights for all". Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  47. ↑ "In Larger Freedom, Chapter 5". United Nations. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  48. ↑ Johnstone, Ian (2008). "Legislation and Adjudication in the UN Security Council: Bringing down the Deliberative Deficit". American Journal of International Law. 102. No 2 (2): 275–308. doi:10.2307/30034539. JSTOR 30034539. S2CID 144268191.
  49. ↑ Assembly, General. "Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of H.E. Mr. Jorge Valero Briceño, Chairman of the Delegation". United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  50. ↑ "Revitalization of the Work of the General Assembly" (PDF). Globalpolicy.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  51. ↑ "The Role of the UN General Assembly". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  52. ↑ "U.N. General Assembly approves blueprint to foster global unity". 21 September 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  53. ↑ David Gelles (21 September 2017). "It's the U.N.'s Week, but Executives Make It a High-Minded Mingle". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
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