Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya
| Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Yawan fili |
32,034 ha 32,034 ha 3,581 ha |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 0°26′33″N 36°14′24″E / 0.4425°N 36.24°E |
| Bangare na |
Gregory Rift (en)  |
| Kasa | Kenya |
| Territory |
Rift Valley Province (en) |
| Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa |
Great Rift Valley (en) |
Babban Rift Valley wani bangare ne na tsarin tudu na nahiyar da ke bi ta Kenya daga arewa zuwa kudu. Yana daga cikin Gregory Rift, reshen gabashin Gabashin Afirka Rift, wanda ya fara daga Tanzaniya zuwa kudu kuma ya ci gaba zuwa arewa zuwa Habasha . [1] An kafa ta akan "Kasar Kenya", haɓakar yanayin ƙasa wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar hulɗar manyan tectonics guda uku: faranti na Larabawa, Nubian, da Somaliyan. [2] A baya, ana ganinsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na " Babban Rift Valley " wanda ya taso daga Madagascar zuwa Siriya . Yawancin kwarin ya fada cikin tsohon lardin Rift Valley .
Kwarin ya ƙunshi tsaunin Cherangani da jerin tuddai masu aman wuta, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna aiki. Yanayin yana da laushi, tare da yanayin zafi yawanci ƙasa da 28 °C (82 °F) . Yawancin ruwan sama yana faɗuwa a lokacin Maris-Yuni da Oktoba-Nuwamba. [3] Tugen Tugen da ke yammacin tafkin Baringo na dauke da burbushin da aka adana a cikin ruwa daga tsawon shekaru miliyan 14 zuwa 4 da suka wuce. An samo kayan tarihi na hominids da yawa, kakannin mutane, a nan. [3]
Siffofin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kwarin yana da iyaka da tarkace daga gabas da yamma. Dutsen dutsen mai aman wuta ya karye benen, wasu har yanzu suna aiki, kuma ya ƙunshi jerin tafkuna. Wasu daga cikin ƙasa sune Andisols, ƙasa mai albarka daga ayyukan volcanic na kwanan nan.
Tafkin Turkana ya mamaye arewacin iyakar Great Rift Valley a Kenya. Akwai kuma aman wuta a tafkin Turkana. Kwarin Suguta, ko Suguta Mud Flats, wani yanki ne mai bushewa na Babban Rift Valley kai tsaye kudu da tafkin Turkana . Dutsen Dutsen Emuruangogolak na garkuwa ya ratsa kwarin zuwa kudancin Suguta, sannan ya kara kudancin Dutsen Silali da Paka ya tashi daga filin kwarin. Paka dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne na garkuwa, tare da yaɗuwar ayyukan ƙasa. Kudancin Paka shine Dutsen Korosi, tafkin Baringo da tafkin Bogoria . Menengai wani katon dutsen mai aman wuta ne na garkuwa a cikin kasan ramin tare da caldera wanda ya yi kimanin shekaru 8,000 da suka wuce. [4] Yana kallon tafkin Nakuru zuwa kudu. Wannan yanki kuma ya haɗa da tafkin Elementaita, Dutsen Kipipiri da tafkin Naivasha .
Wurin shakatawa na Ƙofar Jahannama yana kudu da tafkin Naivasha . A farkon shekarun 1900, Dutsen Longonot ya fashe, kuma ana iya jin toka a kusa da Ƙofar Jahannama. [5] Dutsen Longonot wani tsibiri ne da ke kwance a kudu maso gabashin tafkin Naivasha . Dutsen Suswa dutsen mai aman wuta ne wanda ke tsakanin Narok da Nairobi . Lava da ke fitowa daga fashewar baya-bayan nan har yanzu ba a rufe shi da ciyayi, kuma maiyuwa bai wuce shekara ɗari ba. [6] Tafkin Magadi shi ne tafkin kwarin kudu mafi kudu a kasar Kenya, ko da yake karshen arewacin tafkin Natron na Tanzaniya ya isa Kenya.
Elgeyo escarpment wani yanki ne na bangon yamma. Kwarin Kerio yana tsakanin Tugen Tugens da Elgeyo escarpment a tsayin 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) Akwai manyan adibas na Fluorite a yankin Kerio Valley . Gaban kudu Mau Escarpment wani dutse ne mai tsayin daka kusan 1,000 m (3,300 ft) tsayi, yana gudana tare da gefen yamma na Babban Rift Valley game da tafkin Naivasha . Duk da haka gaba da kudu Nguruman Escarpment yana da kusan kilomita 50 kuma yana da tsayi a cikin hanyar NW. Gefen arewacinta kusan 120 kilometres (75 mi) kudu maso yammacin Nairobi, yayin da gefen kudu yana kusa da iyakar Tanzaniya, a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin tafkin Natron . Yankin Aberdare ya zama wani yanki na gabas na babban kwarin Rift zuwa arewacin Nairobi. Dutsen Satima yana arewacin ƙarshen Aberdares kuma shine mafi girman matsayi, kuma Dutsen Kinangop a ƙarshen kudu shine na biyu mafi girma. Duwatsun suna yin tudu tsakanin waɗannan kololuwar biyu. Tudun Ngong sune kololuwa a wani tudu da ke gabas na Babban Rift Valley, dake kudu maso yamma kusa da Nairobi.
Tafkuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kenya gida ce da kashi 64 (9.50%) na jimillar tafkunan da ake samu a cikin nahiyar Afirka. [7] Takwas daga cikin waɗannan sune manyan tafkuna a cikin Rift Valley na Kenya. Daga arewa zuwa kudu sunayen wadannan tafkunan sune tafkin Turkana, tafkin Logipi, tafkin Baringo, tafkin Bogoria, tafkin Nakuru, tafkin Elmenteita, tafkin Naivasha, da tafkin Magadi . [3] A cikin waɗancan takwas, Tafkunan Baringo da Naivasha ne kaɗai ke da ruwa mai daɗi. [8]
Tafkin Turkana, a arewacin karshen barakar, yana da 250 kilometres (160 mi) tsayi, tsakanin 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) da 30 kilometres (19 mi) fadi kuma yana da 125 metres (410 ft) a mafi girman zurfinsa. [9] Yawancin sauran tafkunan ba su da zurfi kuma ba su da kyau sosai, saboda haka sun zama alkaline. Suna da ruwa waɗanda ke da wadata a cikin algae-koren shuɗi, waɗanda ke ciyar da larvae kwari, ƙananan crustaceans da ƙananan flamingos . Larvae da crustaceans abinci ne ga kifi da manyan flamingos . [3] An gano manya-manyan garke na wadannan tsuntsayen suna yin tasiri a kan magudanar ruwa a gefen tafkin. Adadin su yana haifar da tattake ɓangarorin a wasu wurare, yayin da wuraren da ake ciyarwa suna samun iskar oxygen saboda ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa a cikin laka. Hakanan za'a iya adana tudun gidajensu da siminti yayin da ruwan tafkin ke canzawa. Wadannan suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin yanayin yanayin tafkin. [10]
Trona, wani ma'adinai mai fitar da ruwa, wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da sodium carbonate, an hako shi a tafkin Magadi kusan shekaru 100. Yana samar da kimanin tan 250,000 a kowace shekara. An samo wasu ma'adanai masu daraja kamar yakutu da sapphires ruwan hoda kuma an hako su daga yankunan da ke kusa da tafkin Baringo. A cikin 2004, an tattara sama da kilogiram 2 na Corundum . [11]
Tafkunan alkaline guda uku da ke kewaye sun hada da tsarin tafkin Kenya: tafkin Bogoria mai fadin 10,700 hectares (26,000 acres), tafkin Nakuru mai fadin 18,800 hectares (46,000 acres) da tafkin Elmenteita a 2,534 hectares (6,260 acres) . Wannan tsarin yana daya daga cikin mafi bambancin yawan tsuntsaye a duniya, kuma gida ne na nau'in tsuntsaye goma sha uku da ke fuskantar barazana a duniya. Yana da muhimmin wurin zama da kiwo don manyan fararen pelicans, kuma shine yanki mafi mahimmancin ciyarwa don ƙananan flamingos a duniya. Tsarin gida ne ga al'ummomin duniya masu mahimmanci na grebe baƙar fata, cokali na Afirka, avocet, ƙananan grebe, stok mai launin rawaya, baƙar fata mai fuka-fuki, gull mai launin toka da ƙwanƙwasa . [12]
Tsarin tafkin Kenya muhimmin wuri ne a kan titin jirgin sama na yammacin Asiya da Gabashin Afirka, hanyar da yawan tsuntsaye ke bi a cikin hijirar shekara-shekara daga wuraren kiwo a arewa zuwa wuraren sanyi a Afirka. Ƙasar da ke kewaye da tafkunan sun haɗa da ɗimbin jama'a na baƙar fata karkanda, raƙuman Rothschild, babban kudu, zaki, cheetah da karnukan daji. Tsarin tabkin Kenya yana kewaye da tsaunin tsaunuka na Rift Valley, wanda ke ba da kyan gani.
Sauran tafkunan akwai Tafkin Chew Bahir, a yankin arewa maso gabas. Wannan tafki dai yana cikin kasar Habasha amma yana shiga kasar Kenya a lokacin damina. Lake Kamnarok wani karamin tafkin ne.
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Lake Baringo, Agusta 1999 -
![Sketch by John Walter Gregory from his expedition to East Africa in 1892-3. "[Mount] Kenya from the Kapte Plains west of Machakos"](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gregory002.jpg/250px-Gregory002.jpg)
Zane na John Walter Gregory daga balaguron sa zuwa Gabashin Afirka a 1892-3. "[Mount] Kenya daga Kapte Plains a yammacin Machakos" -
Babban Rift Valley daga kusa da Eldoret, Kenya a cikin faɗuwar 2006 -
Baligi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da kaji akan gida a tafkin Baringo -
Mikiyar kifi ta Afirka na shirin kama kifi a tafkin Naivasha
![Sketch by John Walter Gregory from his expedition to East Africa in 1892-3. "[Mount] Kenya from the Kapte Plains west of Machakos"](/wiki/Fayil:Gregory002.jpg)
Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Chorowicz, Jean (10 November 2005). "The East African Rift System". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 43 (1–3): 379–410. Bibcode:2005JAfES..43..379C. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019.
- ↑ Corti, Giacomo (February 2012). "Evolution and characteristics of continental rifting: Analog modeling-inspired view and comparison with examples from the East African Rift System". Tectonophysics. 522: 1–33. Bibcode:2012Tectp.522....1C. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.06.010.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Firestone 2009.
- ↑ Menengai.
- ↑ Hell's Gate.
- ↑ Suswa.
- ↑ Singh 2006.
- ↑ Britton & Harper 2006.
- ↑ Anadón, Cabrera & Kelts 1991.
- ↑ Scott, Jennifer J.; Robin W. Renaut; R. Bernhart Owen (15 November 2012). "Impacts of flamingos on saline lake margin and shallow lacustrine sediments in the Kenya Rift Valley". Sedimentary Geology. 277: 32–51. Bibcode:2012SedG..277...32S. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.07.007.
- ↑ Blauwet, Dudley; B. M. L. (1 June 2005). "New ruby and pink sapphire deposit in the Lake Baringo area, Kenya". Gems & Gemology. 41 (2): 177–178. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
- ↑ UNESCO.