Babban mutum-mutumi na Amenhotep III da Tiye
| Babban mutum-mutumi na Amenhotep III da Tiye | |
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Egyptian Museum (en)  |
Babban mutum-mutumi na Amenhotep III da Tiye mutum-mutuma ne na rukuni na rukuni mai suna Amenhotep II na daular goma sha takwas, Babban Matarsa ta Sarauta Tiye, da 'yarsu Princess Henuttaneb, galibi ba su da lalacewa, tare da wasu' ya'ya mata biyu, an lalata su kuma ba a ganuwa a cikin wannan hoton. Ita ce mafi girman dyad da aka sani da aka taɓa sassaƙa. Mutum-mutumi da farko ya tsaya a Medinet Habu, Yammacin Thebes; a yau shi ne tsakiya na babban zauren Gidan Tarihin Masar a Alkahira.
Bayyanawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi mutum-mutumi da dutse mai laushi, faɗin sa shine 4,4 m, tsayinsa shine 7 m. Idanu masu siffar almond da gashin ido masu laushi na adadi suna da salon daular 18th. Amenhotep III yana sanye da hijabi na Nemes tare da Uraius, gemu na ƙarya da kilt; yana ajiye hannayensa a kan gwiwoyinsa. Sarauniya Tiye tana zaune a gefen hagu, an sanya hannunta na dama a wuyan mijinta. Tsayinta ya yi daidai da na Fir'auna, wanda ke nuna matsayinta na musamman. Tana sanye da rigar da ta kai tsawon idon, rigar da ke kusa da ita da kuma gashin gashi mai nauyi tare da gashin goge, modius da uraei biyu.[1][2] An yi wa cobras da gaggafa kambi, kobra na dama yana sanye da fararen kambi na Upper Egypt, yayin da wanda ya dace hagu yana sanye le ja kambi na Lower Egypt.[3]
Ƙananan adadi uku suna nuna 'ya'yansu mata uku. Gimbiya Henuttaneb, tana tsaye tsakanin iyayenta, an nuna ta a matsayin mace mai girma, a cikin rigar da ta dace da kuma cikakken gashi tare da modius da fuka-fuki amma ba tare da uraei ba (wannan shine kawai bambanci tsakanin kawunansu da nata). [2] Kusa da Amenhotep akwai wanda ya lalace na ƙaramar yarinya, Nebetah, yayin da kusa da Tiye akwai wanda ya fi lalacewa na wani yarima, wanda sunansa ya ɓace. Dyad yana daya daga cikin siffofi biyu da aka sani da ke nuna Henuttaneb, kuma shine kawai na Nebetah.[1]
Wataƙila an zana mutum-mutumi a kusa da bikin farko na Amenhotep III. Arielle Kozloff ta rubuta cewa shekarun 'ya'ya mata da aka nuna a kan abin tunawa, musamman na Henuttaneb, da kuma salon gashin Sarauniya Tiye, wanda "ya fi bunkasa, kusan rufe fuskarta" ya nuna cewa an yi mutum-mutumi a cikin shekaru goma na mulkin sarki. Yana yiwuwa an yi shi ne daga dutse mai inganci wanda aka cire don ƙirƙirar farfajiyar TT192 - babban kabarin mallakar mai kula da Sarauniya Tiye Kheruef, aikin da aka fara a wannan lokacin.
Babbar 'yar ma'aurata na sarauta, Sitamun ba ta cikin ƙungiyar mutum-mutumi, mai yiwuwa saboda an ɗaukaka ta zuwa matsayin babbar matar sarauta ta Shekara 30 na mulkin Amenhotep. Henuttaneb ita ce 'yar ta biyu ko ta uku, an haife ta kafin ko bayan Iset, wacce ta zama sarauniya a Shekara 34. Henuttaneb ba a ambaci ta a matsayin sarauniya ba, amma a kan wannan babba an bayyana ta a matsayin "abokin Horus, wanda ke cikin zuciyarsa". Wannan shi ne kawai misali na wannan sarauniya da aka ba wa yarima, kuma wani lokacin ana rubuta sunanta a cikin cartouche, wanda zai iya nuna cewa an ɗaukaka ta zuwa sarauniya kamar Sitamun da Iset. Yarima ta uku a kan mutum-mutumi, wanda aka lalata sunansa wani lokacin ana nuna shi a matsayin Iset, amma Amenhotep na iya samun 'ya'ya mata goma sha shida, ba dukansu ba ne sananne ba.[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hoton ya kasance na haikalin jana'izar Amenhotep III, wanda aka fi lalata shi tun lokacin, amma a lokacinsa shine mafi girman haikalin a Thebes, ya wuce ma haikalin Karnak. Kamar yadda aka gina shi kusa da filin ambaliyar ruwa, kasa da shekaru ɗari biyu bayan haka ya riga ya tsaya a cikin rushewa kuma yawancin duwatsunsa sun sake amfani da su daga baya don ayyukan gine-ginen kansu. Wurin da aka samo mutum-mutumi mai yiwuwa ya kasance ƙofar kudu ta haikalin jana'izar, kamar yadda yake da nisa daga haikalin kamar Colossi na Memnon a ƙofar gabas. Wani yiwuwar shi ne cewa Ramesses III ya kwace dyad yayin amfani da tubalan daga haikalin Amenhotep don gina nasa a Medinet Habu, kodayake ba a share sunayen asali ba. An gano mutum-mutumi a ƙarshen karni na 19 a cikin raguwa. A shekara ta 1897 Georges Daressy ya tura gutsuttsarin zuwa farfajiyar karamin haikalin Amun a Medinet Habu da ke kusa; daga baya aka tura su Alkahira kuma aka sake tattara su don buɗe Gidan Tarihin Masar a shekara ta 1902.[4] Colossus yana da lambar kundin M610; adadi na Princess Henuttaneb yana da lambar daban, JE 33906 .
Kan dutse mai laushi mai laushi 27.6 cm, wanda aka samo a cikin tarin masu zaman kansu, ya zama shugaban Gimbiya Nebetah kuma wani ɓangare na wannan mutum-mutumi. Nebetah tana sanye da gashin gashi da kuma gashin kai; har yanzu ana iya gano alamun gefen matasa. Tana da idanu iri ɗaya masu kama da almond tare da gashin ido da layin kayan kwalliya kamar sauran adadi na rukuni. Wataƙila an cire kai da gangan daga ƙungiyar mutum-mutumi, mai yiwuwa a cikin zamani na zamani, an fallasa shi a ƙasa na dogon lokaci - saboda yana cikin mummunar yanayi fiye da sauran mutum-mutuma -, kuma an samo shi kafin 1897 lokacin da aka motsa sauran mutum-mutumin daga wurinsa. Ya kasance daga tarin masu zaman kansu na Faransa a farkon karni na 20, an nuna shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na W. Arnold Meijer Collection a Amsterdam a 2005-2006 kuma an sayar da shi don US $ 206,500 a 2008. An haɗa ainihin kwafin kai ga mutum-mutumi a Alkahira[4]
A cikin shekara ta 2011, an gano sabbin raguwa da yawa na mutum-mutumi yayin binciken ceto kafin shigar da sabon tsarin datti a yammacin bakin Luxor. Wadannan za a iya sake gina su don samar da ɓangarori shida da suka ɓace na mutum-mutumi, gami da wani ɓangare na gashin kai, kirji da ƙafar dama na sarki, wani ɓangare na wig, hannun hagu, dabino, yatsunsu da kafa na sarauniya, da kuma wani ɓangare na asalin mutum-mutuma, tare da fursunonin Nubian. Saboda raguwa da ba su da wani rubutun a kansu, da farko sun kasance da wahala a kwanan wata, amma Amenhotep III shine kawai Fir'auna na goma sha takwas wanda ke da manyan siffofi na wannan girman kuma an samo su ne kawai a cikin haikalin jana'izarsa da Medinet Habu; wannan ya taimaka wajen daidaita ɓangarorin da babban kayan tarihi a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Alkahira. Tare da sabbin sassan da aka kara mutum-mutumi ya cika kashi 70% . [5]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Abeer El-Shahawy: The Egyptian Museum in Cairo. American Univ in Cairo Press, 2005, ISBN 9789771721833, p.183 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Shahawy" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 Chief of Seers: Egyptian Studies in Memory of Cyril Aldred. (ed. Elizabeth Goring, Nicholas Reeves, John Ruffle). Routledge & National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7103-0449-0 p.69 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Goring" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Betsy M. Bryan: A Newly Discovered Statue of a Queen from the Reign of Amenhotep III. In: Servant of Mut: Studies in Honor of Richard A. Fazzini (edited by Sue D'Auria) Brill, 2008. ISBN 9789004158573, p.36
- 1 2 3 "An Indurated Limestone Head of Princess Nebetah, reign of Amenhotep III, 1390-1353 B.C." Archived from the original on 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2018-03-01. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Sothebys" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Nevine Al Aref (2011-01-09). "Parts of Amenhotep III's double statue uncovered in Luxor". Ahram Online. Retrieved 2018-03-01.