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Backronym

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Backronym
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na phrase (en) Fassara da representation (en) Fassara

A backronym ne acronym kafa daga wani riga ya kasance kalma ta hanyar fadada haruffa a cikin kalmomin magana. Ana iya ƙirƙirar sunayen baya tare da ko dai mai tsanani ko mai ban dariya, ko kuma suna iya zama nau'in asalin ƙarya ko asalin gargajiya. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga baya da acronym.[1]

A na yau da kullun kalma ce da aka samo daga haruffa na farko na kalmomin jumla, [2] kamar Radar daga "bincike rediyo da kewayon". [3] Sabanin haka, backronym shine "a acronym da gangan da aka kafa daga jumla wanda haruffa na farko ke fassara wani kalma ko kalmomi, ko dai don ƙirƙirar sunan da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba ko kuma a matsayin bayani mai ban sha'awa game da asalin kalma".[4] Yawancin Ƙungiyoyin leken asiri na almara sunaye ne, kamar su SPECTRE (mai zartarwa na musamman don yaki da leken asiri, ta'addanci, fansa da cin hanci da rashawa) daga ikon mallakar James Bond.

Misali, an sanya sunan shirin Amber Alert na ɓacewar yaro ne bayan Amber Hagerman, yarinya mai shekaru tara da aka sace kuma aka kashe ta a shekarar 1996. [5] Jami'ai daga baya sun yada sunan baya "Amurka ta ɓace: Amsawar Gaggawa ta watsa shirye-shirye".[6]

Misalan

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Misali na backronym a matsayin mnemonic shine Apgar score, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don tantance lafiyar jarirai. An tsara tsarin kimantawa kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Virginia Apgar. Shekaru goma bayan bugawa ta farko, an kirkiro sunan APGAR a Amurka a matsayin taimakon ilmantarwa na mnemonic: bayyanar, bugun jini, grimace, aiki, da numfashi.[7] Wani misali shine kayan aikin American Contract Bridge League don magance zamba a wasannin gada na kan layi. EDGAR an samo asali ne daga Edgar Kaplan, wanda yawancin gudummawarsa ga wasan sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin haɓaka don rage haɗin gwiwar ba bisa ka'ida ba. Sabbin kayan aikin EDGAR da ake sa ran farawa a farkon 2024 an ƙaddamar da su tare da sunan baya "kowane mutum ya cancanci wasan sama da zargi".[8]

Yawancin takardun kudi na Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka suna da sunayensu; [9] misalai sun haɗa da Dokar PATRIOT ta Amurka (Haɗin kai da Karfafa Amurka ta hanyar Bayar da Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawan Kayan Kariya da Dokar Ta'addanci) ta 2001, da Dokar DREAM (Ci gaba, Taimako, da Ilimi ga Dokar Baƙi). [9]

A matsayin kalmomin ƙarya

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  Wani lokaci ana zaton an yi amfani da sunan baya a cikin samo asali na asali, kuma ya zama asalin ƙarya ko labari na birni. Acronyms sun kasance da wuya a cikin harshen Ingilishi kafin shekarun 1930, kuma mafi yawan etymologies na kalmomi ko jimloli na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna asalin daga acronym ƙarya ne.

Misalan sun haɗa da posh, adjective da ke kwatanta abubuwa masu salo ko membobin aji na sama. Wani sanannen labari ya samo kalmar a matsayin acronym daga " tashar jiragen ruwa, gida na starboard", yana nufin ɗakunan aji na farko na ƙarni na 19 a kan Jirgin ruwa na teku, waɗanda aka inuwa daga rana a kan tafiye-tafiye na gabas (misali daga Burtaniya zuwa Indiya) da tafiye-tallace na gida zuwa yamma. Ba a san ainihin asalin kalmar ba, amma mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da Romani påš xåra ('rabin dinari') ko Urdu (wanda aka aro daga Farisa) safed-pōśh ('fararen riguna'), kalma ce ga masu arziki.

Wani misali shine kalmar shav, wanda shine kalmar wulakanci ga matasan ma'aikata. Wannan kalmar mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Romani amma an yi imanin cewa sunan baya ne na "gidan majalisa da tashin hankali".

Hakazalika, siginar damuwa ta SOS sau da yawa ana imanin ta zama taƙaice don "ceton jirginmu" ko "ceton rayukanmu" amma an zaba shi ne saboda yana da wakilcin Morse mai sauƙi da ba za a iya kuskure ba - dots uku, dashes uku, da dots uku , wanda aka aiko ba tare da wani hutu tsakanin haruffa ba. –

Misalai na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da sunan alama Adidas, mai suna bayan wanda ya kafa kamfanin Adolf "Adi" Dassler amma an yi imanin cewa acronym ne na "duk rana ina mafarki game da wasanni". An ce kalmar Wiki tana tsaye ne don "abin da na sani", amma a zahiri an samo shi ne daga kalmar Hawaiian wiki-wiki ma'anar 'fast'.

Yahoo!, wani lokacin yana da'awar yana nufin "duk da haka wani matsayi na matsayi", a zahiri an zaba shi ne saboda masu kafa Yahoo suna son ma'anar kalmar "marasa kyau, mara hankali, mara kyau" (wanda aka ɗauke shi daga littafin Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels). [10] Ana kiran damuwa "pan-pan" yana nufin "taimako mai yuwuwa da ake buƙata", yayin da a zahiri an samo shi ne daga kalmar Faransanci panne, ma'ana 'rugujewa'.

Duba sauran bayanai

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Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ name="oxforddictionaries.com">"Backronym – Definition of backronym in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019.
  2. ↑ "Acronym". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
  3. ↑ NASA. "RADAR means: Radio Detection and Ranging". Nasa Explores. Archived from the original on 2004-01-28.
  4. ↑ "Backronym – Definition of backronym in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019."Backronym – Definition of backronym in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original Archived 2019-03-01 at the Wayback Machine on March 1, 2019.
  5. ↑ "AmberAdvocate.org: AMBER Alert history" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  6. ↑ "AMBER Alert – America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response". Amberalert.gov. 2007-11-01. Archived from the original on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  7. ↑ "The Virginia Apgar Papers - Obstetric Anesthesia and a Scorecard for Newborns, 1949-1958". U.S. National Library of Medicine, NIH. Archived from the original on 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  8. ↑ Official, ACBL (8 November 2023). "ACBL Battles Online Cheating with EDGAR". Bridge Winners. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "The art of the 'backronym'". Roll Call. July 28, 2020. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  10. ↑ "The History of Yahoo! - How It All Started..." Yahoo. 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2001. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
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