Badr al-Hammami
 Badr al-Hammami | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Mutuwa | 923 (Gregorian) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Shugaban soji |
Badr ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Ḥammāmī kuma an san shi da Badr al-Kabīr ("Badr the Elder"), Janar ne wanda ya yi hidima ga Tulunidawa daga baya kuma Abbasiyawa.Abbasids.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga asalin Girka, Badr asalinsa bawa ne na wanda ya kafa mulkin Tulunid, Ahmad ibn Tulun, wanda daga baya ya sake shi.[1][2] A watan Satumbar 893, tare da Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Abba, da gwamnan Tarsus, Ahmad ibn Tughan al-Ujayfi, Badr ya jagoranci balaguro a kan Daular Byzantine, ya kai har zuwa al-Balaqsun (ba a san shi ba, mai yiwuwa Carian ko Lycian Telmessos). [1] Bayan mutuwar dan Ibn Tulun Khumarawayh a cikin 896, jami'an Tulunid da yawa sun bar Masar kuma sun sauya sheka zuwa Abbasids. Badr ya kasance a baya, kuma ya kasance, tare da Faik da Safi, a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kwamandoji; kowannensu yana umurni da wani ɓangare na sojojin, sun sami damar tilasta wa gwamnatin Tulunid ta ba da kudaden shiga da ake buƙata don ci gaba da biyan dakarun su, wanda duk amincinsu ya tabbatar.[2] Sakamakon haka, su, da Badr musamman, sun kasance daga cikin manyan abokan hamayya na Muhammad ibn Abba, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai mulki na sarkin ƙarami Harun ibn Khumarawayh.[2]
A cikin 902, ya jagoranci rundunar agaji daga Misira don fuskantar Karmatians a ƙarƙashin Yahya ibn Zikrawayh ("Master of the She-camel"), wanda ya kai hari Siriya a cikin 902 kuma ya kewaye Tughj ibn Juff a Damascus. Kwamandojin Tulunid guda biyu sun yi yaƙi da Qarmatians a gaban ƙofofin birnin kuma sun sami nasarar kashe shugaban Qarmatian, amma duk da haka sun rasa yakin.[1][2] Yahya ya gaji ɗan'uwansa, Husayn ("Mutumin da ke da Mole"), wanda ya ci gaba da lalata yawancin Siriya a cikin 902-903.[1] Wani lokaci kafin ƙarshen Agusta 903, duk da haka, ya ci babban nasara a kan Qarmatians, ya kashe mutane da yawa kuma ya kori sauran zuwa hamada. Wannan taron an san shi ne kawai daga sakon da aka aika zuwa Baghdad, wanda al-Tabari ya ambata a takaice.[1] Wannan nasarar ta biyo bayan nasarar da sojojin Abbasid suka samu a Yaƙin Hama a watan Nuwamba, wanda ya haifar da kamawa da kisa na Husayn da manyan shugabannin Qarmatian.[1]
A cikin kaka na 904, Abbasids a ƙarƙashin Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib sun kaddamar da kamfen don dawo da Masar da kawo karshen mulkin Tulunid. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya isa iyakar Masar a watan Nuwamba, Badr ya tafi wurinsa. Ba da daɗewa ba wasu jami'an Tulunid suka biyo bayan ficewar babban kwamandan Tulunid, kuma lokacin da daya daga cikin mutanensa ya kashe Harun ibn Khumarawayh, mulkin ya rushe cikin rikici, kuma Muhammadu ya shiga Fustat ba tare da adawa ba.[1] Yanzu a cikin hidimar Abbasid, a watan Agusta 905 Badr ya karbi riguna na girmamawa daga Khalifa al-Muktafi, kuma an aika shi a matsayin mataimakin kuma mai ba da shawara ga wani kwamandan, Fatik, don fuskantar tawaye na tsohon jami'in Tulunid, Ibrahim al-Khaliji, wanda ya kwace yawancin ƙasar tare da Fustat.[1]
A cikin 914, ya kasance gwamnan Fars . Bayan kisan gillar mai mulkin Samanid Ahmad ibn Isma'il da kuma karbar dansa mara shekaru, gwamnatin Samanid ta raunana. Badr ya yi amfani da damar don sake tabbatar da ikon Abbasid a kan Sistan, ya aika Fadl ibn Hamid a matsayin mataimakinsa. Wannan nasarar ba ta da tsawo, duk da haka, kuma lardin nan da nan ya koma hannun shugabannin yaƙi na gida, har zuwa fitowar Kathir ibn Ahmad a matsayin mai mulkinta a cikin 917.[3] A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 917, an sanya Badr a matsayin kwamandan mutane 5,000 kuma an tura shi don bin jagoran 'yan tawaye Abdalla ibn Ibrahim al-Misma'i da mabiyansa na Kurdawa kusa da Isbahan . [1]
Badr ya mutu a shekara ta 923.[1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tushen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Samfuri:The Cambridge History of Iran
- Samfuri:The History of al-Tabari
- Hassan, Zaky M. (1933). Les Tulunides, étude de l'Égypte musulmane à la fin du IXe siècle, 868-905 (in Faransanci). University of Paris.