Jump to content

Bahamian Creole

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Bahamian Creole
Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 bah
Glottolog baha1260[1]

Bahamian Creole (BahC), [2] kuma aka sani da yaren Bahamas, [3] Bahamian Creole English (BCE), ko kuma kawai Bahamian, harshe ne na tushen Ingilishi da ake magana da shi a cikin Bahamas .

Yaren Bahamian", kamar yadda ake kira da shi a cikin Bahamas, [4] [5] yana fama da iyakacin bincike, maiyuwa saboda an dade ana zaton cewa Ingilishi iri-iri ne kawai. [6] Ɗaya daga cikin binciken, duk da haka, ya gano nau'o'in Bahamian daban-daban guda hudu da suka fito daga acrolectal, babba-mesolectal, tsakiyar mesolectal, zuwa basilectal. [7] Tsakanin mesolectal da nau'in basilectal na Bahamian Turanci ana kiransu a gida azaman yaren Bahamian. [5] Basilectal iri-iri ne mai jan hankali. [5]

Tsibirin da aka zaunar da su a baya, ko kuma waɗanda ke da yawan al'ummar Bahamian Bahaman a tarihi, suna da mafi girman taro na daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke baje kolin magana (ko basilectal), [8] yayin da wasu nau'ikan suka fi yawa a Nassau.

Bahamian Creole Turanci yana ba da irin wannan fasali tare da wasu nau'ikan raye-raye na Ingilishi, kamar na Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad da Tobago, Turkawa da Caicos, Saint Lucia, Grenada, St. Vincent da Grenadines, Guyana, da tsibirin Virgin Islands . Har ila yau, akwai kyakkyawar alaka tsakanin harshen Bahamiyya da harshen Gullah na Kudancin Carolina, kasancewar yawancin Bahamas zuriyar mutanen Afirka ne da aka yi bautar da aka kawo wa tsibiran daga yankin Gullah bayan juyin juya halin Amurka . [9]

Yare da Creole

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Muhawarar ko Bahamiyan Ingilishi iri-iri ne ko kuma wani yare daban-daban, kwanan nan ne wanda aka fara a farkon shekarun 1980. Kamar yadda ya kasance, na dogon lokaci, ana la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'i mai sauƙi na Ingilishi, an gudanar da bincike kadan a kai idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in Turanci na Caribbean. [10]

Babu wata yarjejeniya cewa Ingilishi Bahamian na iya haɗawa da ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙila a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, azaman ƙoƙarin rarraba harshe, dangane da ƙamus, phonology da syntax, bambancin da ba a kula da shi ba. Ƙididdigar 1978 ita ce ta farko da ta ba da shawarar cewa yare na Afro-Bahamian na iya zama wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa da ke wanzu a wani wuri tsakanin Baƙar fata Baƙin Amirka da "Creoles irin su Gullah, Jamaican da Guyanese Creoles". [11] Masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin kimiyya yanzu suna kula da cewa abin da ake magana a kai a cikin Bahamas a matsayin yaren Bahamas shine ci gaba [11] [12] wanda ya fito daga yaren Ingilishi a gefe ɗaya zuwa wani nau'i na tushen Ingilishi a ɗayan ƙarshen, tare da alamomin yanki da al'adun zamantakewa da bambance-bambance tare da bakan. Dissertation ya nuna cewa Bahamian Bahaushe wani nau'i ne wanda aka rushe, [11] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da suka biyo baya: wato cewa sake yin amfani da Ingilishi na Bahamian ya karu lokacin da masu goyon bayan Amurka suka isa Bahamas tare da bayi na Afirka. Littafin ya ƙunshi wasu ƙauyuka ne kawai a wasu tsibirai kaɗan kuma ya ɗauka cewa yaren Bahamian ya rabu ta hanyar kabilanci. [11] Yaren Bahamian ya bambanta fiye da yadda ake tunani sau ɗaya. [11] Masana harsuna Becky Childs da Walt Wolfram sun lura cewa "kaɗan nau'in Caribbean ne ke da cikakken kewayon yuwuwar yarukan shigar da Ingilishi" kamar Ingilishi Bahamian.

Abin da Bahamiyawa ke kira da yaren Bahamiyya, masana ilimi sukan yi la'akari da shi a matsayin creole, [10] [13] :18ko da yake babu yarjejeniya. Dukansu nau'in mesolectal da na basilectical ana kiran su da yaren Bahamian, [14] yayin da bincike kan nau'ikan ilimi (ko acrolectal) na Ingilishi na Caribbean (ko nau'ikan da suka bambanta kaɗan daga Ingilishi) har yanzu ba a samu ba idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan basilectal waɗanda suka bambanta sosai. [13]

Lafazin lafazin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai hali ga masu magana da BCE su sauke /h/ ko, a cikin hyperrection, don ƙara shi zuwa kalmomi ba tare da shi ba don haka ana furta cutar da hannu . Haɗin yakan faru sau da yawa a cikin jawabin Abaco da arewacin Eleuthera .

Wasu lasifika sun hade /v/ da /w/ a cikin sautin waya guda ɗaya kuma ku furta kalmomi da [v] ko [w] dangane da mahallin (ƙarshen yana bayyana a cikin kalma-farko matsayi da tsohon bayyana a wani wuri). A waje da farar magana acrolectal, masu magana ba su da ƙwaƙƙwaran hakori kuma ana yawan furta kalmomin Ingilishi da [d] ko [t] kamar yadda yake cikin dis ('wannan') da tink ('tunanin'). Sauran halayen Bahamian Creole Turanci idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun Ingilishi sun haɗa da: [15]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bahamian Creole". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Laube, Alexander (March 2023). "Variation in the imperfective in Bahamian English". World Englishes (in Turanci). John Wiley & Sons (published 2022-11-15). 42 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1111/weng.12617. Bahamian Creole (BahC)
  3. ↑ Hackert, Stephanie (September 2022). "The epicentre model and American influence on Bahamian Englishes". World Englishes (in Turanci). John Wiley & Sons (published 2022-06-14). 41 (3): 361–376. doi:10.1111/weng.12583. Bahamian Creole (BahC), which is locally termed 'dialect.'
  4. ↑ Donnelly, Janet L. (1997). "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English". International Journal of Bahamian Studies (in Turanci). University of The Bahamas (published 2008-02-18). 9: 17–34. doi:10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28. Bahamian Creole English (or Bahamian English Creole) is popularly known in The Bahamas as Bahamian Dialect.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Donnelly, Janet L. (1997). "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English". International Journal of Bahamian Studies (in Turanci). 9: 17–34. doi:10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28. ISSN 2220-5772. Bahamian Creole English (or Bahamian English Creole) is popularly known in The Bahamas as Bahamian Dialect... A good many Bahamians speak a more mesolectal variety (which is still referred to as Bahamian Dialect) but there remain a large number of basilectal speakers.
  6. ↑ McPhee, Helean (2006). "Is Bahamian Dialect a Creole?". www.cavehill.uwi.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-06-25. Retrieved 2025-08-31. In comparison to many of the English-based creoles of the Caribbean region, limited research has been conducted on what Bahamians commonly refer to as "Bahamian Dialect." This lack of research on "Bahamian Dialect" is perhaps due to the fact that for many years, Bahamians have assumed that this language is simply a variety of English.
  7. ↑ Donnelly, Janet L. (1997). "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English". International Journal of Bahamian Studies (in Turanci). 9: 17–34. doi:10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28. ISSN 2220-5772. Within The Bahamas there exists a language continuum ranging from the basilectal through mesolectal to acrolectal, each variety impacting on the others. A good many Bahamians speak a more mesolectal variety (which is still referred to as Bahamian dialect) but there remain a large number of basilectal speakers. The basilect is quite distinct from the acrolect and contains most of the same features that are attributed to many of the other English-based creoles of the Caribbean and its environs.
  8. ↑ Donnelly, Janet L. (1997). "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English". International Journal of Bahamian Studies (in Turanci). 9: 17–34. doi:10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28. ISSN 2220-5772. Some of these features are pervasive throughout the Bahamian archipelago while others tend to be more restricted to the southeastern islands, which have been historically more removed - physically, economically and socially - from the mainstream.
  9. ↑ Holm, John (1983). "On the Relationship of Gullah and Bahamian". American Speech. 58 (4): 303–318. doi:10.2307/455145. ISSN 0003-1283. JSTOR 455145.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 McPhee, Helean (2006). "Is Bahamian Dialect a Creole?". www.cavehill.uwi.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-06-25. Retrieved 2025-08-31. In comparison to many of the English-based creoles of the Caribbean region, limited research has been conducted on what Bahamians commonly refer to as "Bahamian Dialect." This lack of research on "Bahamian Dialect" is perhaps due to the fact that for many years, Bahamians have assumed that this language is simply a variety of English. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "McPhee-2006" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Schreier-2010b
  12. ↑ Donnelly, Janet L. (1997). "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English". International Journal of Bahamian Studies (in Turanci). 9: 17–34. doi:10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28. ISSN 2220-5772. Within The Bahamas there exists a language continuum ranging from the basilectal through mesolectal to acrolectal, each variety impacting on the others. A good many Bahamians speak a more mesolectal variety (which is still referred to as Bahamian dialect) but there remain a large number of basilectal speakers. The basilect is quite distinct from the acrolect and contains most of the same features that are attributed to many of the other English-based creoles of the Caribbean and its environs.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Oenbring, Raymond (November 2015). "Tracing the Historical Development of Standard Bahamian English: A First Approach" (PDF). Journal of the Bahamas Historical Society: 18–27. Despite that fact most Bahamians refer to their mother tongue as Bahamian Dialect, linguists prefer to use the term Bahamian Creole English
  14. ↑ Donnelly, Janet L. (1997). "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English". International Journal of Bahamian Studies (in Turanci). 9: 17–34. doi:10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28. ISSN 2220-5772. Bahamian Creole English (or Bahamian English Creole) is popularly known in The Bahamas as Bahamian Dialect... A good many Bahamians speak a more mesolectal variety (which is still referred to as Bahamian Dialect) but there remain a large number of basilectal speakers.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Shilling1982
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahamian_Creole&oldid=740487"