Bakaken zakuna
Bakaken zakuna sun kasance ƙungiyar gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar yaƙin duniya na biyu [1]da aka kafa don yaƙar Fascist Italiya a lokacin mamayar daular Habasha.[2] [3]
Kamar yadda Bahru Zewde ya lura, duk da "tasirin da ke da shi a kan tsayin daka" baƙar fata zakoki sun yi "yunƙuri na gaskiya don ba wa gwagwarmayar alkiblar akida da siyasa."[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa wannan yunkuri ne a yammacin kasar Habasha, kuma ya hada da mayaka irin su Shewan Ras[[5] Abebe Aregai,[abubuwan da ake bukata] da wasu masana da suka hada da 'ya'yan Hakim Workneh Eshete da Heruy Welde Sellase, da Yilma Deressa.[[6] Shugabanta shi ne Alemework Beyene, likitan likitan dabbobi da ya yi karatu a Burtaniya. Kungiyar tana da kundin tsarin mulki da ya kunshi abubuwa goma, wadanda suka hada da: tabbatar da fifikon fagen siyasa a kan sojoji, umarnin hana cin zarafin manoma da fursunonin yaki, da hana mambobinta neman gudun hijira da kuma bukace su da su gwammace mutuwa maimakon makiya[7]
An wargaza kungiyar sosai bayan mika wuya na Ras Imru Haile Selassie a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1936[8] Yawancin mambobinta Italiyawa ne suka kashe shi bayan yunkurin da Rodolfo Graziani ya yi a kan rayuwar Rodolfo Graziani bai yi nasara ba a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1937.[9] Wadanda suka tsira sun hada da Alemework da Yilma
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Zewde, Bahru (2001). A History of Modern Ethiopia 1855-1991. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University Press. pp. 168. ISBN 0-8214-1440-2.
- ↑ , David Hamilton; Ofcansky, Thomas P.; Prouty, Chris (2004). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 75. ISBN 0-8108-4910-0.
- ↑ Selassie, Haile I (1999). Marcus, Harold (ed.). My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I, King of Kings and Lord of Lords. Vol. II. Translated by Gebions, Ezekiel. Chicago: Research Associates School Times Publications. p. 80. ISBN 0-948390-40-9.
- ↑ Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), p.
- ↑ Roughly equivalent to
- ↑ Bahru Zewde, Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 203
- ↑ Bahru Zewde, A History
- ↑ Anthony Mockler, Haile Selassie's War (New York: Olive Branch, 2003), pp. 168
- ↑ Bahru Zewde, Pioneers, p. 204