Baker
 Baker | |
|---|---|
sana'a, métier de bouche (mul)  , skilled trade (en) da ausbildungsberuf (mul) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers (en) |
| Field of this occupation (en) |
breadmaking (en) |
| Product or material produced (en) |
baked good (en) |
| Abu mai amfani |
bakery (en) |
| Patron saint (en) |
Agatha of Sicily (en) |
| Uses (en) |
bakery (en) , oven (en) , ɗumi da gari |
Mai yin burodi ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ke yin burodi kuma wani lokacin yana sayar da burodi da sauran kayayyakin da aka yi da gari ta hanyar amfani da tanda ko wani tushen zafi mai ƙarfi. Wurin da mai yin burodi ke aiki ana kiransa gidan burodi .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihin da ya gabata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tunda hatsi sun kasance abinci mai mahimmanci tsawon shekaru aru-aru, aikin yin burodi ya daɗe sosai. Duk da haka, sarrafa yisti ya kasance na baya-bayan nan. [1] A ƙarni na biyar da na shida kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (K.S), tsoffin Helenawa sun yi amfani da tanda mai rufewa waɗanda wutar itace ke dumamawa; al'ummomi galibi suna yin burodi a cikin babban tanda na jama'a. [1] Helenawa suna yin burodi da dama kuma wataƙila ɗaruruwan nau'ikan burodi; Athenaeus ya bayyana nau'ikan burodi saba'in da biyu. [2]
A tsohuwar Roma bayan ƙarni da yawa, an fara samar da burodi da yawa, kuma "ana iya cewa sana'ar yin burodi ta fara a wancan lokacin." Masu yin burodi na zamanin Romawa suna amfani da zuma da mai a cikin kayayyakinsu, suna ƙirƙirar burodi maimakon burodi. [1] A tsohuwar Romawa, masu yin burodi ( Latin, pistor ) wani lokacin bayi ne, waɗanda (kamar sauran masu sana'ar bayi) wani lokacin ana sarrafa su . Manyan gidaje a Roma yawanci suna da masu yin burodi na kansu. A waɗannan lokutan, yawancin mutane suna yin burodi nasu amma gidajen yin burodi (pistrina) sun shahara a duk faɗin garuruwa.
An yaba wa mutanen Gaul da gano cewa ƙara kumfa na giya a cikin kullu na burodi yana sa burodi mai yisti ya yi kyau, wanda hakan ke nuna amfani da yisti mai sarrafawa don kullu na burodi.
Turai ta Tsakiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A zamanin da, a Turai ta Tsakiya, sau da yawa ana raba tanda na yin burodi da sauran gine-gine (kuma wani lokacin ana samun su a wajen ganuwar birni ) don rage haɗarin gobara. Saboda burodi muhimmin abinci ne, abubuwan da masu yin burodi ke samarwa (kamar amfani da bolting, sinadaran, da girman burodi ) an tsara su sosai. [2] Misali, Henry na Uku na Ingila ya ayyana Assize of Bread and Ale a shekara ta 1267, inda ya tilasta wa duk masu yin burodi na kasuwanci da masu yin giya su biya kuɗi daban-daban don yin aikinsu da kuma sanya ƙa'idodi daban-daban, kamar dubawa da tabbatar da nauyi da ma'auni, kula da inganci, da kuma kula da farashi . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafa Assize, "yin burodi ya zama masana'antar da ta fi kwanciyar hankali, kuma an aiwatar da shi fiye da yin burodi, wanda ya haifar da ƙananan masu yin burodi fiye da masu yin giya." [3] Saboda tanda jari ne masu tsada kuma ana buƙatar aiki mai kyau, an buɗe gidajen burodi na musamman. [3]
Masu yin burodi galibi suna cikin tsarin ƙungiyar, wanda aka kafa shi sosai a ƙarni na sha shida: ƙwararrun masu yin burodi suna koyar da masu koyon aiki kuma matafiya suna taimaka musu. Misali, a Amsterdam a shekara ta 1694, masu yin burodi, masu yin burodi, da masu yin burodi na rusk sun rabu da tsohuwar ƙungiyar masu yin burodi ta Bread Bakers kuma suka kafa ƙungiyarsu, suna tsara cinikin. Akwai ƙungiyar masu yin burodi a Landan tun daga shekara ta 1155, bisa ga bayanan biyan kuɗi ga Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ; An kafa ƙungiyar masu yin burodi ta Worshipful ta hanyar takardun kwangila na 1486, 1569, da 1685. Ƙungiyar har yanzu tana nan a yau, tare da yawancin ayyukan bukukuwa da na sadaka. Masu yin burodi biyar sun yi aiki a matsayin shugaban magajin garin London .
Hotunan Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidan burodi c. 1465 ; ana kuma amfani da shi don yin burodin taksi ko biskit na teku
Gidan burodi a Riyadh tare da burodin gargajiya na Afghanistan (Tamees)
