Bambancin jinsi a cikin kiwon lafiya
 Bambancin jinsi a cikin kiwon lafiya | |
|---|---|
determinants of health (en)  da Daidaitaccen lafiya | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
sex differences in humans (en) |
| Fuskar | Lafiyar Mata |
Ma'anar bambancin kiwon lafiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]WHO ta bayyana bambancin kiwon lafiya a matsayin bambance-bambance a cikin kiwon lafiya da kungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane suka karɓa waɗanda ba kawai ba su da mahimmanci kuma ba za a iya gujewa ba, har ma da rashin adalci da nuna bambanci. Kasancewar bambancin kiwon lafiya yana nuna cewa daidaito na kiwon lafiya bai wanzu a sassa da yawa na duniya ba. Adalci a cikin kiwon lafiya yana nufin halin da ake ciki inda kowane mutum yake da damar da za a iya samun cikakkiyar damar kiwon lafiya.[1] Gabaɗaya, kalmar nan "Rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya", ko "rashin jituwa na kiwon lafiyar", ana fahimtar ta sosai a matsayin bambance-bambance a cikin kiwon lafiya tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin matsayi daban-daban a cikin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.[2]
Jima'i a matsayin bambanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin amincewa da mata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin zamantakewa na ƙasashe da yawa suna ci gaba da warewa da zalunci ga mata ta hanyar ka'idojin al'adu da ka'idoji na doka. A sakamakon wannan rashin daidaito na zamantakewa, mata galibi ana mayar da su zuwa matsayi inda ba su da damar samun dama da sarrafa albarkatun kiwon lafiya, suna sa mata su fi fuskantar wahalar matsalolin kiwon lafiya fiye da maza. Misali, mata da ke zaune a yankunan da ba su da isasshen kuɗi sun ƙuntata kariya ga lafiyarsu saboda ba su da damar samun ilimi da aiki. A sakamakon haka, Tsawon rayuwa mata a lokacin haihuwa, jin daɗin abinci mai gina jiki, da rigakafin cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa ba, galibi sun fi na maza.[3][4]
Rashin amincewa da maza
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai yanayi inda maza ke fama da talauci. Misali daya shine karancin rayuwa ga maza a yawancin ƙasashe. yaƙi irin wannan misali shine rikice-rikicen makamai, inda maza galibi ke fama da su. Binciken rikice-rikice a kasashe 13 daga 1955 zuwa 2002 ya gano cewa kashi 81% na duk mutuwar yaki na tashin hankali maza ne. Baya ga rikice-rikicen makamai, yankunan da ke da yawan tashin hankali, kamar yankunan da masu cin gashin kansu ke sarrafawa, suma suna ganin maza da ke fuskantar yawan mace-mace. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga imani na zamantakewa wanda ke haɗa manufofi na namiji tare da tashin hankali, halayyar rikici. A ƙarshe, sauye-sauye na kwatsam da gagarumin yanayi a cikin yanayin tattalin arziki da asarar hanyoyin tsaro na zamantakewa, musamman tallafin zamantakewa da hatimi na abinci, an kuma danganta su da matakan amfani da barasa da damuwa tsakanin maza, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawan mace-mace. Wannan shi ne saboda irin waɗannan yanayi sau da yawa suna sa maza su sami wahalar samar da iyalansu, aikin da aka daɗe ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "mahimmanci na namiji. " Binciken da aka yi wa mutanen da suka kamu da sanyi na yau da kullun ya gano cewa likitoci sun rage alamun maza, kuma sun fi son danganta alamun da rashin lafiya ga mata fiye da maza. [5][6] Mata suna rayuwa fiye da maza a duk ƙasashe, kuma a duk rukunin shekaru, waɗanda akwai rubuce-rubuce masu aminci.[7] A Amurka, maza ba su da lafiya fiye da mata a duk faɗin zamantakewar al'umma. Mutanen da ba fararen fata ba su da lafiya sosai. Maza suna da yawa a cikin ayyuka masu haɗari kuma suna wakiltar mafi yawan mutuwar a wurin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, likitocin likitoci suna ba wa maza ƙaramin sabis, da ƙarancin shawara, kuma suna ciyar da ƙaranci lokaci tare da maza fiye da yadda suke yi da mata a kowane gamuwa ta likita.[8]
Rashin amincewa da mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani bangare na bambancin kiwon lafiya yana cikin al'ummar Intersex. Mutanen da aka haifa tare da halaye na jima'i, kamar su chromosomes, gonads, ko genitalia, waɗanda ba su dace da ra'ayoyin binary na jikin namiji da na mace ba.[9]
Definition of health disparity
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]WHO ta bayyana bambancin kiwon lafiya a matsayin bambance-bambance a cikin kiwon lafiya da kungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane suka karɓa waɗanda ba kawai ba su da mahimmanci kuma ba za a iya gujewa ba, har ma da rashin adalci da nuna bambanci.[1] Kasancewar bambancin kiwon lafiya yana nuna cewa daidaito na kiwon lafiya bai wanzu a sassa da yawa na duniya ba. Adalci a cikin kiwon lafiya yana nufin halin da ake ciki inda kowane mutum yake da damar da za a iya samun cikakkiyar damar kiwon lafiya.[1] Gabaɗaya, kalmar nan "Rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya", ko "rashin jituwa na kiwon lafiyar", ana fahimtar ta sosai a matsayin bambance-bambance a cikin kiwon lafiya tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin matsayi daban-daban a cikin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.[2]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "The concepts and principles of equity and health". - ↑ Braveman, P. (2006). "Health Disparities and Health Equity: Concepts and Measurement". Annual Review of Public Health. 27 (1): 167–194. Bibcode:2006ARPH...27..167B. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103. PMID 16533114.
- ↑ Vlassoff, C (March 2007). "Gender differences in determinants and consequences of health and illness". Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 25 (1): 47–61. PMC 3013263. PMID 17615903.
- ↑ Sen, Amartya (1990). "More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing". New York Review of Books.
- ↑ Brainerd, Elizabeth; Cutler, David (2005). "Autopsy on an Empire: Understanding Mortality in Russia and the Former Soviet Union". Ann Arbor, MI: William Davidson Institute. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ Sue, Kyle (2017). "The science behind 'man flu.'" (PDF). BMJ. 359. doi:10.1136/bmj.j5560. PMID 29229663. S2CID 3381640. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ↑ Austad, S.N.A; Bartke, A.A. (2016). "Sex Differences in Longevity and in Responses to Anti-Aging Interventions: A Mini-Review". Gerontology. 62 (1): 40–6. doi:10.1159/000381472. PMID 25968226.
- ↑ Williams, David R. (May 2003). "The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities". Am J Public Health. 93 (5): 724–731. doi:10.2105/ajph.93.5.724. PMC 1447828. PMID 12721133.
- ↑ "Intersex people". OHCHR. Retrieved 7 June 2026.