Jump to content

Bankin Raya Afirka da Tattalin Arziki

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Bankin Raya Afirka da Tattalin Arziki
Bayanai
Iri ma'aikata

Bankin Raya Afirka ƙungiya ce ta kuɗi wacce ke tallafawa ayyukan da ke da nufin bunƙasa tattalin arziki da ci gaban zamantakewa a faɗin Afirka. Ana kuma kiran bankin Banque Africaine de Developement. [1]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kafa bankin raya ƙasashen Afirka (AfDB) ne a shekarar 1964 tare da wajabcin inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa da rage fatara a Afirka ta hanyar haɗa kai da raba albarkatun ƙasa don zuba jari a ƙasashe mambobin ƙungiyar. [2] AfDB mai hedikwata a Abidjan na ƙasar Cote d'Ivoire, tana aiki ne a matsayin cibiyar hada-hadar kuɗi ta raya ƙasa da ƙasa, tana aiki da farko tare da gwamnatocin Afirka da abokan hulɗa masu zaman kansu.

Duk da yake ba a asali aka tsara AfDB don magance rashin adalci na tarihi ba, manufarta na ci gaba tana ta tafka muhawara game da ramuwa na tattalin arziki, musamman a yanayin gadon mulkin mallaka na Afirka, bautar transatlantic, da tsarin hada-hadar kudi. [3] Tattaunawa kan batun biyan diyya ya kara ta'azzara a fadin nahiyar, inda shugabannin Afirka, da ƙungiyoyin farar hula, da cibiyoyin shiyya-shiyya irinsu ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka suka yi kira da a yi adalci, da suka haɗa da hanyoyin kuɗi, soke basussuka, da taimakon raya ƙasa.

Kodayake AfDB da kanta ba ta fayyace fayyace ramuwa a matsayin wata manufa ta yau da kullum ba, wasu malamai da masu tsara manufofi sun fassara shigarta cikin shirye-shiryen rage basussuka, tallafin kayayyakin more rayuwa, da haɗin gwiwar ci gaba a matsayin bayar da gudummawa ga babban ajandar gyarawa. [4]

Jawabin Mahimmanci a Afirka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sake dawo da jawabai game da ramuwar gayya ga Afirka, sakamakon kiraye-kirayen da ake yi na magance matsalar tattalin arziki, al'adu, da na bil'adama na cinikin bayi da ke tsakanin tekun Atlantika, mulkin mallaka, da kuma rashin daidaiton tattalin arzikin duniya da ke gudana. Gwamnatocin Afirka, cibiyoyin Afirka, masana, da ƙungiyoyin jama'a ne suka jagoranci waɗannan kiraye-kirayen.

A shekara ta 2023, shugaban Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo ya fito fili ya yi kira da a biya diyya, yana mai cewa babu wani adadin kuɗi da zai iya ramawa da gaske na bautar da aka shafe shekaru aru-aru ana yi da mulkin mallaka, amma buƙatar neman adalci ta kasance mai inganci kuma ya zama dole. Hakazalika, ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ta ci gaba da goyon bayan tattaunawar ƙasa da ƙasa kan ramuwa tare da yin kira da a samar da sahihin hanyoyin magance matsalar tattalin arzikin da mulkin mallaka da nuna wariyar launin fata suka gada. [5]

Bayan biyan diyya na kai tsaye, an kuma fassara ramuwa a cikin yanayin Afirka da ya haɗa da soke basussuka, taimakon raya ƙasa, haɓaka iya aiki da sake fasalin hukumomi. Ƙungiyoyin daban-daban masu tunani da masu ba da shawara sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya kamata cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi na duniya su haɗa rashin adalcin tarihi cikin tsarin tattalin arzikinsu da tsarin samar da kuɗi. [6]

Yayin da wasu masu suka na kallon waɗannan buƙatu a matsayin alama ce ta siyasa, wasu kuma na ganin cewa ramuwar gayya, gami da hanyoyin bunƙasa tattalin arziki, na da matukar muhimmanci wajen cimma daidaito na dogon lokaci da kuma magance rashin daidaiton ikon tarihi. [7]

Matsayi da Shigawar AfDB

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Duk da cewa Bankin Raya Afirka (AfDB) bai amince da wani tsari na diyya ba, shugabancinsa na kara tsunduma cikin batutuwan da suka shafi gyara adalci da kuma gyara tattalin arziki. A shekarar 2023, Shugaban AfDB, Dr. Akinwumi Adesina, ya fito fili ya goyi bayan kiraye-kirayen kara yin lissafin kuɗi daga tsoffin turawan mulkin mallaka. Da yake jawabi a wajen taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan ramuwa a birnin Accra na ƙasar Ghana, Adesina ya jaddada cewa ya kamata a biya diyya ya haɗa da maido da tattalin arziki, ba wai kawai neman afuwa ba, ya kuma yi kira da a kara karfafa haɗin gwiwa don magance rashin daidaiton tarihi da tsarin da ƙasashen Afirka ke fuskanta.

Adesina ya bayar da hujjar cewa, sake fasalin basussuka, ba da rancen kuɗi, da ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa da ilimi na iya aiki a matsayin hanyoyin zamani na gyaran tattalin arziki. [8] Wannan matsayi ya yi daidai da yunƙurin da Bankin ke yi na haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka da rage dogaro ga tsarin tattalin arziƙi mai ɗimbin yawa.

Har ila yau, AfDB ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen da ke tallafawa ci gaban gyara a kaikaice, irin su Shirin Bayar da Bashi na Afirka, Asusun Bunƙasa ababen more rayuwa na Afirka da saka hannun jari a sabbin makamashi da aikin noma da nufin haɓaka ikon mallakar ƙasa. [9] Duk da yake ba a tsara waɗannan shirye-shiryen a matsayin ramuwar gayya ba, wasu masana da masu fafutuka na siyasa sun ambace su a matsayin matakai na gyara rashin daidaiton tarihi a dangantakar tattalin arzikin duniya. [10]

Duk da haka, Bankin yana aiki ne a cikin tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi na ci gaba da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da kuɗaɗe daga masu hannun jari na Afirka da waɗanda ba na Afirka ba, waɗanda wasunsu na iya ɗaukar mabanbanta ra'ayi game da ramuwa. Wannan ƙwaƙƙwaran tsarin na iya rikitar da girman da AfDB zai iya tallafawa bisa ƙa'ida a matsayin manufar manufa. [11]

Sanannun Ayyuka da Tsarin Gyara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yayin da Bankin Raya Afirka (AfDB) ba ya ware jarinsa a matsayin diyya, yawancin tsare-tsaren sa sun yi daidai da manyan manufofin gyara tattalin arziki, daidaiton yanki, da sauyi na tsari. Wasu masanan ci gaba sun fassara waɗannan ayyuka da cewa suna ba da gudummawa ga wani nau'i na "ci gaban gyara" - wato, zuba jari da aka yi niyya da nufin magance matsalolin dogon lokaci da suka samo asali daga tsarin tattalin arziki na mulkin mallaka da bayan mulkin mallaka. [12]

Misali guda shi ne Asusun Raya Kasashen Afirka (ADF), reshen bankin mai rangwame, wanda ke ba da lamuni mai ƙaramin karfi da tallafi ga ƙasashen nahiyar da suka ci gaba. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1972, ADF ta mai da hankali kan ayyukan kiwon lafiya, ilimi, samar da ruwa, da ababen more rayuwa na karkara sassan galibi ba su bunƙasa saboda rashin kulawar mulkin mallaka. [13]

Shirin Desert to Power Initiative, wani babban shiri na AfDB, yana da nufin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ga sama da mutane miliyan 250 a yankin Sahel. An bayyana shirin a matsayin wani muhimmin mataki na gyara talaucin makamashi, yanayin da yawancin ƙasashen Afirka ke fuskanta a wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka na tarihi wanda ya ba da fifiko ga kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje fiye da samun damar shiga cikin gida.

Bugu da ƙari, shirin na ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a Afirka (PIDA) wani shiri na hadin gwiwa na AfDB, Tarayyar Afirka, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki na neman sauya ababen more rayuwa a kan iyakokin ƙasa, gami da hanyoyin sufuri, hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital, da hada-hadar makamashi. Waɗannan nau'ikan ayyuka suna da nufin juyar da tasirin iyakokin da aka sanya ta hanyar wucin gadi da tattalin arzikin da ya wargaje waɗanda suka kasance gadon mulkin mallaka. [14]

Waɗannan yunƙurin, duk da cewa ba a lakafta su a matsayin ramuwar gayya ba, wasu manazarta sun tsara su a matsayin cikar manufofin gyara kai tsaye ta hanyar ba da damar dogaro da kai, da rufe gibin ci gaba, da magance rashin daidaiton tsari a cikin yanayin tattalin arzikin Afirka. [15]

Suka da Muhawara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yayin da wasu masana da masu tsara manufofi ke kallon bankin raya Afirka (AfDB) a matsayin wani abin da zai iya ciyar da tattalin arzikin nahiyar Afirka gaba, wasu kuma na nuna damuwa game da gazawar tsarinsa da matsayinsa a cikin tsarin hada-hadar kuɗi na ci gaban duniya. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa duk da kalaman lokaci-lokaci na goyon bayan ramuwar gayya ko gyara, AfDB ya ci gaba da takurawa tsarin masu hannun jari wanda ya hada da ƙasashen da ba na Afirka masu ba da taimako ba masu bambancin siyasa da na tarihi kan ramuwa. [16]

Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu manazarta sun yi iƙirarin cewa yayin da AfDB ke saka hannun jari a cikin kawar da talauci da ababen more rayuwa, ayyuka galibi suna kwatanta fifikon cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi na duniya kamar Bankin Duniya ko IMF. Wannan ya haifar da sukar cewa Bankin na iya ba da gangan ci gaba da ci gaba da tsarin ci gaba na zamani wanda ke ba da kwanciyar hankali ga tattalin arzikin kasa fiye da sauyi ko gyara tarihi. [17]

Akwai kuma shakku game da ko da gaske ayyukan bankin na ci gaba sun isa ga al'ummomin da rashin adalcin tarihi ya shafa. Masu sukar sun bayyana bukatar ƙarin yunƙurin jagoranci da tsare-tsare na haɗin kai don tabbatar da cewa yunƙurin gyara sun haɗa da kuma dacewa a cikin gida. [18]

Duk da haka, masu ba da ra'ayi suna jayayya cewa bankunan ci gaba da yawa kamar AfDB sun kasance mahimman dandamali don yin shawarwari kan muradun Afirka a matakin duniya. Har ila yau, sun jaddada yadda Bankin ke kara mai da martani ga kiraye-kirayen samar da kuɗaɗe na gaskiya da adalci, da ci gaba mai dorewa, da kuma mulkin mallaka na dogon lokaci [19]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "African Development Bank (ADB): Meaning, Achievements, Goals". Investopedia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-06-26.
  2. ↑ "About Us". African Development Bank. Archived from the original on 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
  3. ↑ Rodney, Walter (1972). "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa". Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications.
  4. ↑ Zondi, Siphamandla (2020). "Reparations and Africa's Development Agenda: Historical Justice and Economic Equity". Review of African Political Economy. 47 (163): 278–290.
  5. ↑ "Assembly of the African Union, Thirteenth Ordinary Session: Decision on the AU Diaspora Initiative". African Union. Retrieved 2025-06-28.[permanent dead link]
  6. ↑ Ramose, Mogobe B. (2014). "Justice and restitution in African political thought". Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 27 (1): 85–103.
  7. ↑ Zondi, Siphamandla (2020). "Reparations and Africa's Development Agenda: Historical Justice and Economic Equity". Review of African Political Economy. 47 (163): 278–290.
  8. ↑ "AfDB President calls for economic reparations". African Development Bank. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
  9. ↑ "AfDB Strategy 2023–2032". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.[permanent dead link]
  10. ↑ Zondi, Siphamandla (2020). "Reparations and Africa's Development Agenda: Historical Justice and Economic Equity". Review of African Political Economy. 47 (163): 278–290.
  11. ↑ Nkrumah, Kofi (2022). "Multilateralism and African Sovereignty: The Limits of Reparative Development". Third World Quarterly. 43 (6): 1150–1167.
  12. ↑ Bond, Patrick (2014). "Development Finance as Reparations? Africa and the Multilateral Development Banks". Third World Quarterly. 35 (3): 469–485.
  13. ↑ "African Development Fund". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.
  14. ↑ "Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA)". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.[permanent dead link]
  15. ↑ Zondi, Siphamandla (2020). "Reparations and Africa's Development Agenda: Historical Justice and Economic Equity". Review of African Political Economy. 47 (163): 278–290.
  16. ↑ Nkrumah, Kofi (2022). "Multilateralism and African Sovereignty: The Limits of Reparative Development". Third World Quarterly. 43 (6): 1150–1167.
  17. ↑ Bond, Patrick (2014). "Development Finance as Reparations? Africa and the Multilateral Development Banks". Third World Quarterly. 35 (3): 469–485.
  18. ↑ Okafor, Obiora Chinedu (2014). "Reparations for Africa: Rhetoric or Reality?". Human Rights Review. 15 (4): 389–408.
  19. ↑ "AfDB Strategy 2023–2032". African Development Bank. Retrieved 2025-06-28.[permanent dead link]
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bankin_Raya_Afirka_da_Tattalin_Arziki&oldid=730281"