Banu Ifran

Banu Ifran
Zenata (en) da ƙabila
Bayanai
Ƙasar asali	al-Andalus (en)
Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en)	1066 (Gregorian)

Banu Ifran (Larabci: بنو يفرن, Banu Yafran) ko Ifranids, ƙabilar Zenata Berber ce ta shahara a tarihin jahiliyya da farkon Musulunci Arewacin Afirka. A cikin karni na 8, sun kafa mulki a tsakiyar Maghreb, tare da Tlemcen a matsayin babban birninsa.

Kafin karni na 8, Banu Ifran sun yi tsayayya ko tawaye da masu mamaye kasashen waje - Romawa, Vandals, da Byzantines - na yankinsu a Afirka. A cikin karni na bakwai, sun goyi bayan Kahina a cikin juriya da ta yi wa masu mamaye Musulmi Umayyad. A cikin karni na takwas sun taru a kusa da koyarwar Sufri, suna tayar da Arab Umayyads da Abbasids.

A cikin karni na 10 sun kafa daular da ke adawa da Fatimids, Zirids, Umayyads, Hammadids da Maghraoua. Almoravids da Larabawa masu mamayewa (Banu Hilal da Banu Sulaym) sun ci Banu Ifran a ƙarshen karni na 11. Daular Ifranid an gane ta ne kawai daular da ta kare 'yan asalin Maghreb, ta Romawa da ake kira Africani. A cikin karni na 11 na Iberia, Ifranids sun kafa Taifa na Ronda a cikin 1039 a Ronda a Andalusia kuma sun yi mulki daga Cordoba na ƙarni da yawa.

Magana

A cewar Ibn Khaldun, ana kiran Banu Ifran ne bayan kakanninmu, Ifri, wanda sunansa a cikin yarukan Berber yana nufin " kogo".

Tarihi

Tlemcen, babban birnin Banu Ifran

Tarihin Farko

Daular Ifrinids, Ibn Khaldoun, Tarihin Berbères, sashen Banou Ifran

Tsohon maganganu game da Banu Ifran sun nuna yawancin mutanensu a yankin yammacin Mauretania Caesariensis . Banu Ifran na ɗaya daga cikin manyan kabilun huɗu na ƙungiyar Zenata ko Gaetulia a cikin Dutsen Aurès, kuma an san su da ƙwararrun sojan doki. A cewar Ibn Khaldun, "Ifrinides" ko "Ait Ifren" sun yi nasarar tsayayya da Romawa, Vandals da Byzantines waɗanda suka nemi mamaye Arewacin Afirka kafin isowar sojojin musulmi. A cewar Corippus a cikin Iohannis, a lokacin mulkin Justinian I tsakanin 547 da 550, Banu Ifran ya kalubalanci sojojin Byzantine a karkashin John Troglita zuwa yaƙi.

A lokacin Nasarar Larabawa da Musulmai, sun kasance a yankin Yafran a Tripolitania (Libya ta yanzu). Nasarar da ta haifar da su ƙaura daga can zuwa yankin Aurès, kuma mamayewar Abbasid na Ifriqiya a cikin 761 mai yiwuwa ya sa su ci gaba zuwa abin da ke yanzu arewa maso yammacin Aljeriya. Shugabansu Abu Qurra ya kafa birnin Tlemcen a wannan yankin a cikin 765 (a kan shafin tsohon birnin Roma na Pomaria) kuma ya kafa masarautar da ke nan.

Banu Ifran a cikin Maghreb al-Aqsa

A cikin karni na 11, Banu Ifran ya yi gwagwarmaya da kabilar Maghrawa don kula da Maghreb al-Aqsa (Morocco na yanzu) bayan faduwar Daular Idrisid. Yaddū ɗan Ya'la ya ɗauki Fes da mamaki a watan Janairun 993 kuma ya riƙe shi na wasu watanni har sai mai mulkin Maghrawa Ziri ibn Atiyya ya dawo daga Spain kuma ya sake mamaye yankin.

A cikin 1029, Banu Ifran karkashin jagorancin Temim ya ci Tamesna daga Barghawata, Temim sannan ya kori rabin yawan jama'a kuma ya sanya sauran zuwa bautar, sai ya sami damar sanya masaukin sa a can.

A watan Mayu ko Yuni na shekara ta 1033, jikan Ya'la Tamīm ya sake kama Fes. Da yake mai himma ga addini, ya fara tsananta wa Yahudawa, kuma an ce ya kashe mutane 6000 yayin da yake kwace dukiyarsu da mata, amma Ibn Khaldun ya ce tsanantawa kawai ba tare da kashewa ba. An bayyana shi a matsayin zubar da jini kuma an rage mata zuwa bautar yayin da aka kashe maza. Wani lokaci a cikin 1038-1040 kabilar Maghrawa ta sake karbar Fes, ta tilasta wa Tamīm ya gudu zuwa Salé.

Banu Ifran a cikin Al-Andalus

Abu Nour ne ya gina Ronda a cikin 1014

A lokacin Musulunci

Banu Ifran sun yi adawa da Sunnis na sojojin Larabawa. Daga bisani sun tuba, amma sun shiga ƙungiyar Kharidjite a cikin Islama. Ibn Khaldun ya yi iƙirarin cewa "mutane na Zenata sun ce su Musulmai ne amma har yanzu suna adawa da sojojin Larabawa". Bayan 711, an canza Berbers zuwa addinin Musulunci kuma da yawa sun zama masu ibada na bangaskiya.