Barbara Everitt Bryant

Barbara Everitt Bryant ( née Everitt ; Afrilu 5, 1926 – Maris 3, 2023) ta kasance mai bincike kan kasuwa ta Amurka wacce ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci Hukumar Kididdiga ta Amurka . Ta jagoranci hukumar daga 1989 zuwa 1993, gami da jagorantar kididdigar Amurka ta 1990, sannan daga baya ta jagoranci Fihirisar Gamsuwa ta Abokan Ciniki ta Amurka .

Rayuwar farko da aiki

An haifi Barbara Everitt a Ann Arbor, Michigan. Mahaifinta, William Littell Everitt, injiniyan lantarki ne kuma mai koyarwa. Ta kammala karatun sakandare a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin ilimi, kuma ta yi karatun digirinta na farko a Jami'ar Cornell a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, ta kammala a 1947. Manufarta bayan ta karanci kimiyyar lissafi ita ce ta zama marubuciyar kimiyya, kuma bayan ta kammala karatun ta yi aiki a birnin New York a matsayin editan mujallar Chemical Engineering . Duk da haka ta tafi ta bi mijinta, injiniyan lantarki John H. Bryant, zuwa Jami'ar Illinois, inda ya kasance dalibin digiri na biyu. Ta yi wasu rubuce-rubuce na kimiyya a can amma ta tsaya ta zama uwa ta cikakken lokaci.

Bayan 'ya'yanta sun shiga makaranta, ta koma aiki a sashen ci gaba da ilimi na Jami'ar Jihar Michigan (Oakland), daga baya ta rabu a matsayin Jami'ar Oakland . Ta koma karatun digiri na biyu a Jihar Michigan, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin aikin jarida a shekarar 1967 da kuma digiri na uku a fannin ilimin Falsafa a fannin sadarwa a shekarar 1970. Ta yi aiki a fannin binciken kasuwa a Binciken Ra'ayin Kasuwa daga lokacin har zuwa 1989, kuma ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ƙidaya daga 1980 zuwa 1986.

Daraktan ƙidayar jama'a

Shugaban Binciken Ra'ayin Kasuwa, Robert Teeter, ya yi aiki a ƙungiyar kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa da kuma canjin shugabanci na George HW Bush . A shekarar 1989, bayan da aka toshe zaɓin farko na Bush na Alan Heslop, ya yi alƙawarin hutu wanda ya sanya Bryant ya jagoranci Hukumar Kididdigar Jama'a, mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. Daga ƙarshe aka amince da ita a matsayin shugaba a watan Agusta na 1990.

Bryant ta lissafa manufofinta lokacin da ta zama darektan Hukumar Kididdigar Jama'a da cewa sun kammala kididdige jama'a daidai, inganta kididdigar tattalin arziki, sabunta kayayyakin aikin kwamfuta, ƙarfafa daraktan kididdiga, sanya tsarin yin hira da kwamfuta, da kuma shirya sabunta tsarin ɗaukar kididdige jama'a na shekarar 2000. Daga baya a cikin daraktan ta, ta haɗa ra'ayoyi daga cikakken tsarin kula da inganci a cikin tsarin cibiyoyi na ƙidayar jama'a.

Tsarin ƙidayar jama'a na shekarar 1990 ya riga ya kasance a wurin a lokacin naɗin Bryant, kuma ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce game da ƙananan kabilun da suka yi ƙaurin suna. Bryant ya jagoranci kuma ya amince da ƙoƙarin daidaita sakamakon da kuma rama ƙarancin adadin, amma daga ƙarshe sakataren kasuwanci ya ƙi amincewa da waɗannan gyare-gyare saboda dalilai na siyasa.

Lambobin yabo da girmamawa

Bryant ta zama memba na Ƙungiyar Kididdiga ta Amurka a shekarar 1998. Ta lashe kyautar Warren E. Miller a shekarar 2007 don hidimar yabo ga kimiyyar zamantakewa ta ƙungiyar bincike ta siyasa da zamantakewa ta jami'o'i daban-daban .

Rayuwa daga baya

Bayan ta bar ƙungiyar ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 1993, ta ɗauki matsayin masanin kimiyya a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Michigan da kuma darektan Fihirisar Gamsuwa ta Abokan Ciniki ta Amurka.

Mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 1997; suna da 'ya'ya uku: Linda, Randal, da Lois, da jikoki takwas. Bryant ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2023, yana da shekaru 96.

Littattafai

Tare da William Dunn, Bryant shine marubucin littafin Moving Power and Money: The Politics of Census Taking (New Strategist Publications, 1995).