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Barbara Steel

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Barbara Steel
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Barbara Joanna Paterson
Haihuwa St John's Town of Dalry (en) Fassara, 1857
ƙasa United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mutuwa Pietermaritzburg (mul) Fassara, 22 Disamba 1943
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Sir James Steel, baronet (en) Fassara
Yare Steel baronets (en) Fassara
Karatu
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a Mai kare hakkin mata da suffragist (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka

Barbara Karfe OBE; 1857 - 22 Disamba 1943) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar ɗan Scotland ne wanda ya himmatu wajen yaƙin neman zaɓen Mata a cikin Burtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta tsaya a zaɓe na Majalisar Garin Edinburgh, lokacin da ta tsaya takara a zaɓen 1907. Karfe ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1911 kuma a farkon yakin duniya na ɗaya ya kafa wata kungiya don ba da taimako ga sojojin Afirka ta Kudu da iyalansu. An karrama ta a matsayin Jami'ar Order of the British Empire saboda aikinta na farar hula. Bugu da kari, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar 'yancin mata ta ƙungiyar daga 1916 zuwa 1930, inda ta yi gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin mata na kada kuri'a a Afirka ta Kudu.

Rayuwar farko

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An haifi Barbara Joanna Paterson a cikin 1857 a cikin Garin St John na Dalry, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland zuwa Jane S. da Rev. Alexander A. Paterson. [1] [2] [3] Mahaifinta shi ne ministan Presbyterian na United kuma babban ɗan'uwanta James Alexander daga baya ya zama farfesa na Tafsirin Ibrananci da Tsohon Alkawari a New College, Edinburgh . [3] [4] Ta girma kuma ta halarci makaranta a Dalry har zuwa 1880s, [5] lokacin da ta koma tare da ɗan'uwanta, James, zuwa Newington, Edinburgh, [6] inda ta ci gaba da karatunta. [7] A ranar 4 ga Agusta 1883, Paterson ya auri James Steel, magini kuma mai haɓaka kadarori a Edinburgh. Sun yi gidansu a 32 Colinton Road, Edinburgh, daga lokacin daurin aurensu har mutuwar James a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1904. [1]

Ayyukan aiki

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An zabi James a cikin siyasar gida tun daga 1872, yana aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisa na Liberal na George Square Ward. Daga 1888 ya yi aiki a matsayin Bailie kuma ya zama Ubangiji Provost na Edinburgh a 1900, yana aiki har ya yi ritaya a 1903. Daga Mayu 1903, lokacin da mijinta ya tashi zuwa baronetcy na Muriston, Mid-Calder, Karfe ya zama sanannun Lady Steel. [1] James maginin kadara ne kuma ya gina ɗaruruwan gine-gine a ko'ina cikin birnin. Karfe ya shiga hannu, kamar yawancin mata na ajin ta, cikin ayyukan inganta zamantakewa. Ta ƙarfafa James ya gina gidajen tsafta tare da famfo na cikin gida da ruwan sha ga matalauta da masu aiki. Yawancin waɗannan gidaje, waɗanda ke ko'ina cikin birni a cikin unguwannin kamar Comely Bank, Dalry, Gorgie, Haymarket, Muriston Park, da Tollcross, suna da tsayayyen haya . [8]

Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Lady Steel ya kara shiga cikin lamuran mata. [8] Tsakanin shekarar 1904 zuwa 1906, ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Scotland (SWLF), reshen mata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na Scotland . Ta kuma yi aiki a kan ƙananan hukumomi da kwamitocin Franchise na mata na SWLF [9] kuma ta kasance memba na Edinburgh National Society of Woman Suffrage. [10] Lady Steel ta buga kanun labaran duniya daga Ingila zuwa Ostiraliya da Amurka a watan Maris na 1907, lokacin da ta ki biyan haraji ba tare da an ba ta damar kada kuri'a ba. [8] [11] [12] Kayan kayanta aka kama aka siyar da ita don biyan kudin haraji. [11] A wannan watan, ta jagoranci zanga-zangar a Cross Mercat don neman a ba mata kuri'a. [10] Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a watan Oktoba, ta yi takara a taron majalisar gari na farko da aka ba mata damar tsayawa takara. [13] [14] A jajibirin zaben, an buga wata waka mai suna "The Suffragette's Nut Cracked" da ke nuna rikici kan kuri'un mata da takarar Karfe a Edinburgh Evening Dispatch . [15] Ko da yake ba ta sami kujera a zaben Nuwamba ba, saboda matsayinta na tsageru game da haraji, [13] [16] ana tunawa da ita a matsayin "mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar Majalisar Garin Edinburgh". [8]

A cikin 1908 [17] kuma a cikin 1909, Lady Steel ta ci gaba da matsayinta na ƙin biyan haraji. [18] [ mafi kyau tushe da ake bukata ] A shekara ta 1908, ta kasance memba kuma daya daga cikin masu magana na reshen Edinburgh na Social Social and Political Union na Mata [19]  kuma sun shiga tattaunawa da aka gudanar a Bridge of Allan tare da Elizabeth Wolstenholme Elmy, Chrystal Macmillan da Jessie Methven game da zaɓen mata da ilimi mafi girma ga mata. [8] [18] A cikin Yuni 1908, ta halarci taron Hudu na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata ta Duniya da aka gudanar a Amsterdam, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wakilai. [20] A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1909, ta halarci Babban Taro da Muzaharar Mata da aka gudanar a Edinburgh don tallafawa ba da ikon mallakar mata. [18]

A cikin Maris 1911, Lady Steel ya auri Lt. Col. James Hyslop, DSO, kuma ya koma tare da shi zuwa gidansa a Pietermaritzburg, a cikin sabuwar kafa Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu . [21] [22] Hyslop ɗan Scotsman ne daga Kirkcudbrightshire, wanda ya ƙaura zuwa Mulkin Natal a cikin 1881 kuma ya yi aiki a can a matsayin majagaba a lafiyar hankali da kuma matsayin likitan soja. A farkon yakin duniya na daya, ya zama darektan kula da harkokin kiwon lafiya a kungiyar likitocin Afirka ta Kudu . [21] Ta yi aiki a matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma shugabar kungiyar mata ta Patriotic League of Natal Province a lokacin yakin. [23] [24] Kungiyar ta yi aiki don tallafa wa sojojin Afirka ta Kudu da kuma samar da ayyukan da suka dace ga iyalansu, kamar kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da tufafi, don hana biyan haraji ga kungiyoyin Birtaniya masu ba da sabis a Turai. [24] A cikin 1918, an karrama ta a matsayin jami'a a cikin odar daular Burtaniya saboda hidimarta. [25]

A cikin 1916, ta zama shugaba na biyu na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Ƙungiyar (WEAU), ta maye gurbin Mary Emma Macintosh, wadda ta mutu kwanan nan. [26] An kafa WEAU da farko akan shawara akan Carrie Chapman Catt a cikin 1911 a matsayin madadin Ƙungiyar Tallafawa Mata (WEL). Bangaranci ya raba WEL game da batun kabilanci kuma Catt ta yi imanin cewa batun launin fata zai jinkirta ba da damar mata. A kan shawararta, WEAU ta yanke shawarar yin watsi da batun zaɓe na duniya ga kowane jinsi, yana aiki kawai don kuri'un mata fararen fata. [27] Lady Steel ta rike mukamin shugaban kasa daga 1916 zuwa 1930, lokacin da mata farar fata a Afirka ta Kudu suka samu damar cin gashin kansu. [7] [28]

Mutuwa da gado

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Ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Disamba 1943 a Pietermaritzburg kuma an binne ta a makabartar Stellawood, a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. [29] A shekara ta 2009, an yi bikin rawar da ta taka a cikin yunkurin zaɓe na Scotland tare da sauran masu fafutuka a cikin sake kunnawa "Gude Cause" na zanga-zangar 1909 na Edinburgh. [18]

Manazarta

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ambato

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rodger 2004.
  2. ↑ Dod's Peerage 1915.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 UK Census 1861.
  4. ↑ Sladen et al. 1914.
  5. ↑ UK Census 1871.
  6. ↑ UK Census 1881.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Woman's Who's Who of South Africa 1935.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Elcock 2018.
  9. ↑ Leneman 1995.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Times 1907.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Kalgoorlie Miner 1907.
  12. ↑ The Montana News 1907.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Breitenbach 2018.
  14. ↑ The Guardian 1907.
  15. ↑ Shaw 2015.
  16. ↑ The Mathews Journal 1908.
  17. ↑ The Sun 1908.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Kay et al. 2009.
  19. ↑ Holton 1980.
  20. ↑ Murray & Stark 2017.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Plug 2014.
  22. ↑ The Scotsman 1911.
  23. ↑ Debrett's Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage 1931.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 The Scotsman 1914.
  25. ↑ The London Gazette 1918.
  26. ↑ Oldfield 2003.
  27. ↑ Haysom 1993.
  28. ↑ Walker 1990.
  29. ↑ Death Certificate 1943.

Littafi Mai Tsarki

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