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Baroness Raymond de Laroche

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Baroness Raymond de Laroche
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Élise Léontine Deroche
Haihuwa 4th arrondissement of Paris (en) Fassara, 22 ga Augusta, 1882
ƙasa Faransa
Mutuwa Le Crotoy (mul) Fassara, 18 ga Yuli, 1919
Makwanci Père Lachaise Cemetery (en) Fassara
Grave of Laroche (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa accidental death (en) Fassara (aviation accident (en) Fassara)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Jacques Vial (en) Fassara  (1915 -  1917)
Karatu
Harsuna Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a Matukin jirgin sama
Kyaututtuka

Raymonde de Laroche (22 ga Agusta 1882 - 18 Yuli 1919) wata matukiyar jirgi ce na Faransa, wanda ake tunanin ita ce mace ta farko da ta tuka jirgin.  Ta zama matukin jirgi mace ta farko a duniya mai lasisi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1910.Ta samu lasisin tukin jirgin sama na 36 da kungiyar Aeroclub de France ta ba ta, kungiya ta farko a duniya da ta ba da lasisin tukin jirgi.  A lokacin, lasisin matukin jirgi ana buƙata kawai ga matukan jirgin da ke aiki da jiragen sama don kasuwanci.[1]

Nasararta a Bangaren jirgin Sama

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A cikin Oktoba 1909, de Laroche ta yi kira ga abokinta, mai jirgin sama da mai ginin jirgin sama Charles Voisin don ya koya mata yadda za ta tashi.  A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1909, de Laroche ya tafi sansanin 'yan'uwan Voisin a Chalons, mil 90 (kilomita 140) gabas da Paris.  Jirgin Voisin yana iya zama mutum ɗaya kawai, don haka ta sarrafa jirgin da kanta yayin da ya tsaya a ƙasa yana ba da umarni.  Bayan da ta kware wajen yin tasi a filin jirgin sama, sai ta tashi ta tashi yadi 300 (m270[2]).[3]]: 11–13  Jirgin De Laroche sau da yawa ana ambaton jirgin na farko a matsayin mace ta farko a cikin wani jirgin sama mai nauyi fiye da iska;  akwai shaidar cewa wasu mata biyu, P. Van Pottelsberge da Thérèse Peltier, sun yi tafiya a shekarar da ta gabata tare da Henri Farman da Delagrange a matsayin fasinjoji amma ba a matsayin matukin jirgi ba.[4]

Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, 'yar jarida ta jirgin sama Harry Harper ta rubuta cewa har de Laroche ta yi bikin bikinta a kan Voisin, ta yi tafiya sau ɗaya kawai, don ɗan gajeren tsalle, a matsayin fasinja.  Lokacin da ta fara ɗaukar iko, Charles Voisin ya hana ta yin ƙoƙarin tashi;  bayan ta yi taxi sau biyu a filin jirgin sama, sai ta tashi, tana tashi sama “tafiya goma ko goma sha biyar” tana sarrafa abubuwan sarrafawa da “sanyi mai saurin gaske”[5]Ko da yake Gabriel Voisin ya rubuta, "... ɗan'uwana [yana] gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin babban yatsan yatsan hannu", labarin de Laroche a matsayin mace mai ƙarfi da ke yin jirgin bayan ɗan shirye-shiryen da aka yi da kuma ba da umarnin Voisin kusan tabbas yana son abin da ya faru.  Mujallar jirgin sama, mako guda bayan tashin jirgin, ta ruwaito cewa: “Tun wani lokaci Baroness tana daukar darasi daga M. Chateau, malamin Voisin, a Chalons, kuma a ranar Juma’a ta makon da ya gabata ta sami damar hawan keke a karon farko.  Wannan tafiya ta farko zuwa cikin iska ta kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, kuma an dawo da terra firma bayan yadi 300 (270)."  "Baroness" a kan de Laroche, saboda ita ba ta kasance mai daraja ba.  (kilomita 6) sai aka yi wata iska mai karfi da ke kadawa, amma bayan juyowar biyun farko sai Baroness ta ce hakan bai dame ta ba, domin ita ce ke rike da injin gaba daya."[6].

A ranar 8 ga Maris 1910,[7]:  14  de Laroche ta zama mace ta farko a duniya da ta sami lasisin tukin jirgi lokacin da Aero-Club na Faransa ta ba da lasisin ta #36 na Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Aeronautics Federation or F.A.I.).De Laroche ya halarci taron jiragen sama a Heliopolis a Masar da Saint Petersburg[8][9], Budapest da Rouen.  A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon a St. Petersburg, Tsar Nicholas II ya taya ta da kansa murna.  A can, an sake gabatar da ita a matsayin "Baroness" de Laroche.  Bayan haka, taken ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.[10]: 16 

Ƙoƙarin De Laroche ba shi da matsala.  La Petite Gironde ta ba da rahoto game da ayyukanta a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1910. Da take kiranta mace ta farko da ta fara tashi, La Petite Gironde ta ruwaito cewa yayin da take tafiya a filin wasa a Chalons, tare da sararin sama da iska mai haske, jirginta ya tashi sama da mita 4 ko 5 a sama.  kasa amma ba zato ba tsammani.  Ba tare da saninsa ba da farko, de Laroche ya farka yana gunaguni game da ciwon ciki, sakamakon raunin kafada.[11]A cikin Yuli 1910, de Laroche yana halartar wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon mako guda a Reims a Faransa.  A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli, jirginta ya yi hatsari, kuma ta sami munanan raunuka wanda ya sa ta warke, amma bayan shekaru biyu, ta sake samun lafiya kuma ta koma tashi.  A ranar 26 ga Satumba 1912, ita da Charles Voisin sun shiga cikin wani hats[12]arin mota.  An kashe Voisin, kuma an ji mata mummunan rauni[13].

A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1913, de Laroche ya lashe gasar Aero-Club na gasar cin kofin Femina na Faransa don wani dogon jirgin da ba ya tsayawa tsayin daka na tsawon sa'o'i 4.[14]

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, yayin da ake ɗaukar tukin jirgin sama da haɗari ga mata, ta yi aiki a matsayin direban soja, tana tuka hafsoshi daga yankunan baya zuwa gaba da wuta


A cikin watan Yuni 1919, de Laroche ya kafa tarihin tsayin mata biyu, ɗa

ya a ƙafa 15,700 (4,800 m);  da kuma rikodin nisan mata, a mil 201 (kilomita 323).: .

Mutuwa da Gado

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A ranar 18 ga Yuli 1919, [15] de Laroche, wanda ƙwararren injiniya ne, ya tafi filin jirgin sama a Le Crotoy a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirinta na zama matukin gwajin mace na farko.[16]Ta yi aiki da wani jirgin gwaji (ko ta tashi ba a sani ba);  A lokacin da yake tunkarar saukarsa jirgin ya shiga nutsewa ya fado inda De Laroche da mataimakin matukin jirgin suka mutu.: 

Akwai wani mutum-mutumi na de Laroche a filin jirgin sama na Paris-Le Bourget a Faransa.

Daga ranar 6 zuwa 12 ga Maris, 2010, don murnar cika shekaru ɗari na mata matukin jirgi masu lasisi, mata matukan jirgi daga ƙasashe takwas na nahiyoyi uku sun yi amfani da jiragen sama iri 20 don kafa sabon tarihin duniya: 310 mata da mata 310 sun gabatar da matukin jirgi a cikin mako guda.  [17]

Matan Makon Jiragen Sama na Duniya ana yin su ne a kowace shekara a cikin mako wanda ya haɗa da 8 ga Maris, wanda ke bikin ranar tunawa da lasisin matukin jirgi na Raymonde de Laroche.[18]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ [12]"The Baroness of Flight". Historic Wings. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  2. ↑ [4]Voisin, G.: Mes 10000 Cerfs-Volants. Editions Table Ronde, 1960. ISBN 2-7103-2012-6.
  3. ↑ [1]Eileen F. Lebow (2003). Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation. Brassey's. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-57488-532-3. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  4. ↑ [2]Early Aviators – Peltier Biography
  5. ↑ [3]Air Trails, July 1953. "The Brave Baroness – First Licensed Ladybird" by Harry Harper.
  6. ↑ [5]Flight, page 695, 30 October 1909.
  7. ↑ [1]Eileen F. Lebow (2003). Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation. Brassey's. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-57488-532-3. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  8. ↑ [1]Eileen F. Lebow (2003). Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation. Brassey's. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-57488-532-3. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  9. ↑ [9]University of Houson, "Engines of our Ingenuity, No. 1813: Raymonde de Laroche", undated article by John H. Lienhard, retrieved on 27 March 2008.
  10. ↑ [5]Flight, page 695, 30 October 1909.
  11. ↑ [6]"La Petite Gironde". 5 January 1910.
  12. ↑ [1]Eileen F. Lebow (2003). Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation. Brassey's. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-57488-532-3. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  13. ↑ [7]Early Aviators – Charles Voisin Biography
  14. ↑ [8]"Mme de Laroche gagne la Coup Femina". La Revue aérienne (in French). 10 December 1913. p. 669. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  15. ↑ [10]Polacco, Michel (2017). Pourquoi des avions s'écrasent-ils encore ? [Why are planes crashing again?] (in French). Hachette. p. 22. ISBN 9782851209764.
  16. ↑ [11]"Raymonde de Laroche". Women in Aviation and Space History. National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2019
  17. ↑ [13]"Women Pilots' Record: 310 First Flights". AVweb. 1 April 2010. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010.
  18. ↑ [14]"WOAW – Frequently Asked Questions". Women of Aviation Worldwide Week. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
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