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Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia

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Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia
protectorate (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 1899
Yaren hukuma Turanci
Take God Save the King (mul) Fassara
Ƙasa Zambiya
Babban birni Kalomo (en) Fassara da Livingstone (mul) Fassara
Wanda ya biyo bayanshi Northern Rhodesia (en) Fassara
Harshen da aka yi amfani da shi Chewa language, Yaren Lozi, Harshen Tonga (Zambia da Zimbabwe) da Bemba (en) Fassara
Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) Fassara 1911
Wuri
Map
 14°55′09″S 26°12′04″E / 14.91914°S 26.201097°E / -14.91914; 26.201097

Barotziland – Arewa-Yammacin Rhodesia wata majiyar tsaro ce ta Birtaniyya a kudu maso tsakiyar Afirka da aka kafa a shekarar 1899.[1][2] Ta kewaye Rhodesia ta Arewa maso Yamma.[3][4]|event_end = Amalgamated with North-Eastern Rhodesia as Northern Rhodesia[5]

Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu ne ke gudanar da wannan kariyar.[6] Ita ce mafi girma daga cikin abin da ake magana da baki a matsayin kariyar Rhodesian guda uku, sauran biyun kuma su ne Kudancin Rhodesia da Arewa maso Gabas Rhodesia.[4] An haɗe shi da North-Eastern Rhodesia, wani yanki da Kamfanin British South Africa Company ke gudanarwa, don samar da Arewacin Rhodesia a shekarar 1911.[7] the other two being Southern Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia. It was amalgamated with North-Eastern Rhodesia, another territory administered by the British South Africa Company, to form Northern Rhodesia in 1911.[8]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin shekarar 1890 Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Sarki Lewanika na Barotse, sarkin gargajiya mafi iko a yankin Barotse.[9] Sarki Lewanika ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar saboda yana jin tsoron kai hari daga Portuguese (a Angola zuwa yamma) da kuma daga Ndebele (Matabele) zuwa gabas don haka yana fatan samun kariya ta Burtaniya. [9]

Yarjejeniyar ba ta ba da matsayin kariya a yankin ba, saboda gwamnatin Burtaniya ce kawai za ta iya ba da wannan matsayin. Duk da haka, yarjejeniyar ta ba wa yankin Barotse kariya yayin da yake ba da haƙƙin Kamfanin akan ma'adinan ƙasar da haƙƙin ciniki.[9]

A cikin shekarar 1897 Robert Coryndon, sakatare mai zaman kansa ga Cecil Rhodes, Rhodes ya aiko shi ya zama wakilin Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu a Barotseland.[10] A cikin watan Oktoba 1897 ya isa babban birnin Sarki Lewanika, Lealui, inda aka yi masa kyakkyawar tarba.[11] Lewanika ba zai iya yarda da farko cewa Coryndon na iya wakiltar Kamfanin Burtaniya na Afirka ta Kudu da gwamnatin Burtaniya ba.

Duk da haka, a cikin watan Nuwamba 1899 Sarauniya Victoria ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Barotziland – North-Western Rhodesia a Majalisar, 1899. Wannan odar ta haɗe abin da ke Arewa maso Yamma Rhodesia tare da Barotseland kuma ta kafa wani yanki mai suna Barotziland – Arewa maso Yammacin Rhodesia.[4][12] Sarki Lewanika ya yi maraba da matsayin kariyar.[13]

A ƙarƙashin oda, an kafa tsarin mulkin Kamfanin na sabon kariyar. Wani jami'in gudanarwa wanda Babban Kwamishinan Afirka ta Kudu ya naɗa ne ke gudanar da sabon tsarin.[7] Babban Kwamishinan da aka kafa ta hanyar shela don kare kariyar.[7] An raba kariyar zuwa gundumomin gudanarwa guda tara.[7]

A cikin watan Satumba 1900 an naɗa Coryndon a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa na farko. Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa shekara ta 1907.[14] An maye gurbin Coryndon da Robert Codrington, wanda ya mutu a cikin shekara guda da ya hau ofis a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa.[14] Mutum na ƙarshe da ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa shine Lawrence Aubrey Wallace.[14] Babban birni ya fara a Kalomo, kuma ya ƙaura a shekarar 1907 zuwa Livingstone.

Lokacin da aka haɗa kariyar da Rhodesia ta Arewa-maso-gabas don samar da Arewacin Rhodesia a shekarar 1911, Mai Gudanarwa na Arewacin Rhodesia ya ɗauki ayyukan da Mai Gudanarwa na Barotziland Arewa maso Yamma Rhodesia ya aiwatar.[15]

Dokoki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dokokin Ingila sun shafi ma'aikatar tsaro, gwargwadon yanayin gida.[16] A cikin ayyuka tsakanin ƴan ƙasar, dokokin ƙasar da al'ada sun yi galaba, sai dai idan hakan bai dace ba tare da yin amfani da ikonsa da ikonsa na Biritaniya.[17] An baiwa Babban Kwamishina ikon samar da adalci.[18] An kafa Kotun Gudanarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi alkalai uku, waɗanda Mai Gudanarwa ya kasance shugaban ƙasa, an kuma kafa Kotunan Majistare. Za a iya ƙara ƙarar hukunce-hukuncen waɗannan Kotuna zuwa Kotun Gudanarwa.[19] Za a iya gabatar da ƙararraki daga Kotunan Kara zuwa Kotun Koli na Cape Colony kuma daga can zuwa Majalisar masu zaman kansu a Burtaniya.[7]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Kamfanin British South Africa
  • Dokar kamfani a Rhodesia
  • Rhodesia (suna)
  • Arewacin Rhodesia
  • Bibliography of the history of Zambia § Zamanin mulkin mallaka na Rhodesia

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ In the official name, as promulgated under the Barotziland—North-Western Rhodesia Order in Council 1899 (SR&O 1901/567), the dash between "Barotziland" and "North-Western" was a long dash.
  2. ↑ Brief History of the Establishment of the Barotse Park in 1898, Special Report published in the Barotse Post on 8 May 2015.
  3. ↑ Administrator appointed pursuant to the Barotziland—North-Western Rhodesia Order in Council 1899 (SR&O 1901/567)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Barotziland—North-Western Rhodesia Order in Council 1899 (SR&O 1901/567)
  5. ↑ Proclamation by His Excellency the High Commissioner of South Africa, Northern Rhodesia No 1 of 1911 and made on 17 August 1911; [1]
  6. ↑ Zambia - Justice and the Rule of Law By Choolwe Beyani; published on the website of the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa on 27 August 2013 and stating that 17 August 1911 was the commencement date for the Northern Rhodesia Order in Council 1911 (SR&O 1911/438).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Encyclopedia of the Laws of England, Volume XIII; Editors: A. Wood Renton, Esq., Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and Max. A. Robertson, Esq., of the Inner Temple and the Midland Circuit, Barrister-at-Law; Edinburgh; 1 November 1908.
  8. ↑ Northern Rhodesia Order in Council 1911 (SR&O 1911/438), p. 85.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Encyclopædia Britannica article on Lewanika published on the Britannica website
  10. ↑ Bodleian Papers. "Papers of Sir Robert Thorne Coryndon (2)". Bodleian Library of Commonwealth & African Studies at Rhodes House. Retrieved 2011-08-31.
  11. ↑ The Elites of Barotseland, 1878-1969 - A Political History of Zambia's Western Province; by Gerald L. Caplan. Berkeley.
  12. ↑ Commonwealth and Colonial Law by Kenneth Roberts-Wray, London, Stevens, 1966. P. 753.
  13. ↑ The Elites of Barotseland, 1878-1969 - A Political History of Zambia's Western Province; by Gerald L. Caplan. Berkeley.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Ben Cahoon, publication appearing on www.worldstatesmen.org/Zambia.html
  15. ↑ Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1911.
  16. ↑ Article 16 of the Order in Council of 1899.
  17. ↑ Sec. 6 of Proclamation No. 6 of 1905.
  18. ↑ Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1911.
  19. ↑ Proclamation No. 6 of 1905.
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