Bastion de France
 Bastion de France | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
factory (en)  | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Farawa | 1561 | |||
| Ƙasa | Aljeriya | |||
| State of conservation (en) |
ruinous (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Aljeriya | |||
| Province of Algeria (en) | El Tarf Province (en) | |||
| District of Algeria (en) | El Kala District (en) | |||
| Commune of Algeria (en) | El Kala (en) | |||
Bastion de France wani wurin kasuwanci ne wanda aka kafa a karni na sha shida ta 'yan kasuwa na Faransa na asalin Corsican waɗanda suka kafa kansu a Arewacin Afirka kusa da Annaba . Ya haɓaka mahimman alaƙa na kasuwanci tare da Marseille, musamman a cikin kasuwancin murjani mai daraja. An rushe shi kuma an sake gina shi sau da yawa.
Tomasino Lenche
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tomasino Lenche ne ya gina Bastion de France a shekara ta 1561 don tabbatar da matsayin iyalinsa mai riba a cikin kamun kifi na murjani a bakin tekun Arewacin Afirka.[1] Iyalin Lenche (wanda aka fi sani da Linche, Lencio ko Lenciu) sun fito ne daga Morsiglia (Cape Corse) kuma Tomasino Lenche ya kafa kansa a kasuwanci a Marseille tun farkon shekara ta 1533.::359 A shekara ta 1550, Sultan Selim II ya ba shi damar kamun kifi don murjani a Massacarès, (Mers el-Kharez) kusa da Annaba.[2] A shekara mai zuwa Henri II na Faransa ya ba shi ikon mallakar wannan kamun kifi, wanda Charles IX ya sabunta a shekara ta 1560. [3]
A shekara ta 1552 Tomasino ya kafa Kamfanin Magnifique Compagnie du corail (Kamfanin Coral Mai Girma) tare da 'yan uwansa Visconte (c.1545-1580) da Antonio Lenche (c.-1540-1588), da' yan uwansa Porrata daga Morsiglia. Ayyukan kasuwanci sun karu da sauri - nan da nan akwai masunta 250 da ke aiki a kan jiragen ruwa 50. Coral ƙasa da fa'ida sosai: an biya masunta 12 sols (daidai da rabin livre) don fam daya na murjani, wanda za'a iya sayar da shi don livres shida. Samfur ne mai alatu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin zinariya (alal misali a cikin yin rosaries) kuma an yi amfani da ita azaman nau'in kuɗi a Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Levantine kuma musamman a Alexandria.[4]
Antonio Lenche
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Algiers ta kwace Bastion a cikin 1568, amma Lenches sun sami damar dawo da iko da sauri. Dan dan Tomasino Antonio, daya daga cikin masu arziki a Marseille, ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan Bastion de France (1568-1588). A wannan lokacin Henri III ya tabbatar da ikon mallakar kamfanin Magnifique (1582) kuma ya tsawaita iyakokinta don haɗawa da kamun kifi na Bizerte (1584). A wannan lokacin dan uwansa Orso-Santo Cipriani ya kafa kamfani na biyu na murjani, Compagnie du corail, yana tabbatar da cewa kamfanonin iyalin Lenche ne ke sarrafa dukkan bakin tekun Arewacin Afirka. Harkokin kasuwancin su sun shiga cikin rikice-rikice a cikin Yakin Addini. Iyalin Lenche sun goyi bayan Henri III a kan Ƙungiyar Katolika, yayin da Genoa, wanda ke mulkin Corsica, ya dauki bangaren adawa. A cikin tsananin gasa na lokacin, magoya bayan Kungiyar Katolika sun kashe Antonio Lenche a shekara ta 1588. :151
Thomas na biyu Lenche
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dan Antionio Thomas ya zama gwamnan Bastion a shekara ta 1597. amma wadatar Lenches ta kasance barazanar siyasa ta Arewacin Afirka. A watan Yunin 1604, 'yan bindiga na Annaba sun lalata Bastion de France, tare da goyon bayan jiragen ruwa daga Rais Murad na Algiers. Lenches sun yi kira ga Henri IV wanda ya yi zanga-zanga ta hanyar wakilin sa a Algiers, M. de Vias . A mayar da martani an yi wa wakilin duka sosai, amma a ƙarshe Thomas ya sami damar dawo da gata.
A cikin 1602 an ziyarci Bastion de France a cikin sunan Sarki Henri IV ta Charles na Lorraine, Duc de Guise, yana tabbatar da kasancewar Faransa. Koyaya, a cikin 1604, biyo bayan ƙarin rikice-rikice da rikice-rikicen, an sake kwace Bastion kuma an lalata shi. Faransa ta riƙe isasshen tasiri a Istanbul don tabbatar da korar Dey na Algiers saboda wannan fushi, wanda aka maƙure shi. A cikin 1608 Algiers ta yi sabon kwangila don tallafawa 'yan kasuwa daga Bordeaux, wanda ke neman fitar da Marseille daga matsayinta na musamman a cikin kasuwancin alatu, da kuma fitar da iyalin Lenche daga matsayinsu.
An sake kai hari daga Algiers a cikin 1615-1616. A ranar 14 ga Maris 1616, kyaftin din Jacques Vinciguerra ya bayyana don sake kafa Bastion de France . A lokacin zaman lafiya wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1617 Sultan Ottoman ya tura Jean-Louis du Mas de Castellane don tattaunawa game da maido da Bastion ga Faransanci; yayin da yake Algiers duk da haka yaƙin ya sake tashi kuma an kama shi, kuma an sake shi a shekara ta 1619.
A cikin 1619, ya gaji da wannan lalacewa, Thomas II Lenche ya sayar da haƙƙinsa a kan Bastion ga duc de Guise, gwamnan Provence, don musayar fansho na shekara-shekara na 4,800 livres tournois.
Sanson Napollon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ƙarshen shekarun 1620, dangantaka tsakanin Faransa da Algiers ta koma yadda take. A ranar 19 ga Satumba 1628, Sanson Napollon, ɗan'uwa ga iyalan Lenches, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da ta dawo da zaman lafiya ga jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, kwamandan jiragen ruwa na Algiers ya shaida wa jakadun Marseille cewa an ba Napollon riguna biyu na girmamawa.[5] Louis XIII ya biya livres 272,435 don fansar turawan da aka yi bayi, kuɗin yaƙe-yaƙe da kyaututtuka. Napollon ya karɓi iko da wuraren kasuwanci na Annaba, La Calle (El Kala), da Bastion de France. Bayan dawo da kamun ƙwaryar coral, Sanson Napollon ya buɗe wata sabuwar cibiyar kasuwanci a Cap Rosa don cin gajiyar haramtaccen kasuwancin alkama.[6]
A shekarar 1631, Louis ya naɗa Sanson Napollon gwamnan Bastion de France, wanda yanzu ya zama mallakin sarauta ba na duc de Guise ba. Amma a shekarar 1633, Sanson Napollon ya rasa ransa a wani hari da Genuwa suka jagoranta, kuma a 1637 wani sabon hari daga Algiers ƙarƙashin jagorancin kwamandan jiragen ruwa Ali Bitchinin, ya lalata cibiyoyin kasuwancin Faransa. Gine-ginen Bastion de France, El Kala da Cap Rosa an rusa su, duk da cewa an cimma wata yarjejeniya da Algiers a 1640 da ta ba da damar sake gina su.[6]
Na tsawon rabin ƙarni, Bastion ya kasance a rushe. A 1684, bayan harin bama-bamai a Algiers (1683), Dey na Algiers ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Tourville. Na tsawon shekara ɗari, an ba Faransa iko a kan Bastion de France, La Calle, Cap Rosa, Annaba, Béjaïa da wasu wurare. Yarjejeniyar 1689 tsakanin Faransa da Algiers ta ba Kamfanin Hély damar mallaka da ciniki a Bastion.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Zaouali, Jeanne. "TRUSTS TRILATERAUX MARSEILLAIS DU 16° AU 18° SIECLE LES COMPAGNIES DU CORAIL EN AFRIQUE DU NORD". Retrieved 23 February 2020. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ Gourdin, Philippe (1986). "Émigrer au XVe siècle: la communauté ligure des pêcheurs de corail de Marsacares. I. Étude de la population et des modalités de départ". Mélanges de l'école française de Rome. 98 (2): 543–605. doi:10.3406/mefr.1986.2875. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ↑ Costa, Christian. "Du Bastiin de France à la Calle". cdha.fr. Centre de Documentation Histoique sur l'Algérie (CDHA). Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ↑ Letaconnoux, J. (1908). "Paul Masson: Les Compagnies du Corail. Étude historique sur le commerce de Marseille au XVIe siècle et les origines de la colonisation française en Algérie-Tunisie". Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine. 10 (3): 205–207. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ↑ Michel Vergé-Franceschi, Chronique maritime de la France d'Ancien Régime, Paris, Sedes, 1998, shafi na 328.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedHoltLambton1977 - ↑ France. Ministère de l'Instruction Publique (Paris). (1866). Revue des Sociétés Savantes de la France et de l'Étranger. Ministère de l'Instruction Publique. p. 139.