Battalion 3-16 (Honduras)
 Battalion 3-16 | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | military unit (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Honduras |
Battalion Intelligence 3-16 ko Battallón 316 (sunayen daban-daban: Group of 14 (1979-1981), [1] Ofishin Bincike na Musamman (DIES) (1982-1983), [1] Battalion Bincike 3-16 (daga 1982 ko 1984 zuwa 1986), [2] Ofishin Bishiri da Counter-Intelligence (tun daga 1987) [1]) shine sunan ƙungiyar Sojojin Honduras da ke da alhakin aiwatar da kisan siyasa da azabtarwa da masu adawa da siyasa na gwamnati a cikin shekarun 1980.
Membobin Battalion sun sami horo da tallafi daga Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka a Honduras da kuma sansanonin soja na Amurka, Battalion 601 (ciki har da Juan Ciga Correa), wanda ya hada kai da DINA na Chile wajen kashe Janar Carlos Prats kuma ya horar, tare da Mohamed Ali Seineldín, kungiyar adawa da kwaminisanci ta Argentina. [3] Akalla mambobi 19 na Battalion 3-16 sun kammala karatu a Makarantar Amurka.[4][5] Battalion 3-16 kuma Pinochet's Chile ne ya horar da shi.[3]
Sunan ya nuna hidimar ƙungiyar ga rundunonin soja guda uku da battalions ashirin da uku na sojojin Honduras. [1] Sake tsara rukunin a ƙarƙashin sunan "Intelligence Battalion 3-16" an danganta shi ga Janar Gustavo Álvarez Martínez.[2]
Shekaru na 1980
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta COFADEH, an kirkiro Battalion 3-16 a 1979 tare da sunan "Group of 14".[1] A shekara ta 1982, an canza sunansa zuwa "Sashen Bincike na Musamman (DIES) ", wanda "Señor Diez (Mr. Ten) ya ba da umarni.[1] (Mista Goma). [1]
Da farko a shekara ta 1982, jami'an Battalion 3-16 sun tsare daruruwan masu gwagwarmayar hagu, gami da dalibai, malamai, 'yan kungiyar kwadago, da wadanda ake zargi da 'yan tawaye wadanda suka ɓace. Mambobin ƙungiyar sun yi ado da tufafi masu sauƙi kuma galibi suna rufe kansu da abin rufe fuska, gemu, gemu na ƙarya, da gemu. Tare da bindigogi na Uzi ko bindigogi, sun binciki wadanda aka kashe, suka sace su, sannan suka yi sauri a cikin motocin Toyota masu dauke da tagogi da lambobin lasisi da aka sace. Yawancin sace-sacen sun faru ne a rana kuma a cikin cikakken ra'ayi na shaidu. An kai wadanda ake zargi da aka kama zuwa kurkuku na sirri na Battalion, inda aka cire su tsirara, a ɗaure su a hannu da ƙafafu, kuma a rufe idanu. Battalion azabtarwa na 3-16 da aka yi amfani da shi sun haɗa da girgizar lantarki, nutsewa cikin ruwa, da ƙuntatawa
A cikin 1982, bisa ga buƙatun takardun da Kwamishinan Kasa na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya bayyana a Honduras, [2] ko kuma a cikin 1984 bisa ga COFADEH, [1] an canza sunansa zuwa "Intelligence Battalion 3-16". Sake tsara rukunin a ƙarƙashin sunan "Intelligence Battalion 3-16" an danganta shi ga Janar Gustavo Álvarez Martínez . [2]
Daga 1987 har zuwa akalla 2002, an kira shi "Sashen Ilimin Ilimin Ilimi da Counter-Ilimin Ilimin".[1]
Haɗin kai da Argentina
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gustavo Alvarez Martínez, a wannan lokacin wani kwamandan, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Sojan Argentina, ya kammala a 1961. [3] A ƙarshen 1981 (watau a lokacin Dirty War a Argentina lokacin da jami'an tsaro na Argentina da 'yan tawagar kisa suka ɓace har zuwa mutane 30,000) fiye da jami'in Argentina 150 sun kasance a Honduras.[3] Wannan aikin horo ya ɗauki sunan lambar Operation Charly kuma ya yi amfani da wuraren horo a Lepaterique da Quilalí . [3] 'Yan Argentina sun ba da ƙwarewa a cikin azabtarwa ta jiki.
Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya ta karɓi mulki daga 'yan Argentina bayan Yaƙin Falklands na 1982, kodayake jami'an Argentina sun kasance masu aiki a Honduras har zuwa 1984-1986. [3] Har ila yau, ESMA ta Sojojin Ruwa na Argentina ta aika da malamai zuwa Honduras, ciki har da Roberto Alfieri González wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Tsaron Kasa na El Salvador da Guatemala da Honduras. [3]
Haɗin kai da Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Battalion 3-16 ya yi aiki tare da ma'aikatan CIA. Kodayake a lokacin horo, hukumar ta jaddada azabtarwa ta tunani, mai ba da shawara na CIA da ake kira "Mista Mike" ya gaya wa wakilin 3-16 Florencio Caballero cewa girgizar lantarki ita ce "hanyar da ta fi dacewa don samun wani ya yi magana lokacin da suka yi tsayayya". Bugu da ƙari, kwamandan ƙungiyar, Janar Alvarez, ya gaya wa masu tambayoyin cewa azabtarwa ta tunani ba ta da tasiri kuma ya umarce su da su yi amfani da azabtarwa a maimakon haka.
Tsohuwar fursuna ta 3-16, Ines Murillo, ta yi iƙirarin a cikin wata hira cewa a lokacin da aka kama ta ana azabtar da ita sau da yawa a gaban mai ba da shawara na CIA, "Mista Mike", kuma a wani lokaci ya gabatar da tambayoyi don tambayar ta. A watan Yunin 1988, mataimakin darektan ayyukan CIA Richard Stolz, ya shaida cewa wani jami'in CIA ya ziyarci kurkuku inda ake tsare Murillo. Ta kuma zargi mai ba da rahoto na New York Times James LeMoyne da karkatarwa da ƙarya a cikin rahoton hira. Ta bayyana cewa rahotonsa ya "yi haifar da mummunar lalacewa" kuma "za a iya amfani da shi don tabbatar da satar, bacewar da kisan kai na daruruwan mutane. " Wani mai ba da labari wanda ya bar Battalion 316 ya tabbatar da cewa Uba James Carney, firist na 'yanci, an kashe shi ne ta hanyar umarnin Janar Álvarez, kuma "Álvarez Martínez ya ba da umarnin a gaban wani jami'in CIA, wanda aka sani da 'Mister Mike' yanci. bayan haka, babban jami' yanci na Jihar Amurka ya yarda da yake so.[6] "Hasken kore ya kashe wani commie", in ji jami'in. "Kowane mutum yana yin tsinkaye da kuma yin nodding. "
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Honduras: Follow-up to HND38009.E of 4 December 2001 on the Patriotic Revolutionary Front (Frente Patriótico Revolucionario, FPR); Follow-up to HND38010.E of 4 December 2001 on whether Battalion 3–16 continues to operate; whether a death squad known as Group 13–16 operated at any time between 1990 and 1992; whether Colonel Alvarez Martinez or General Regalado Hernandez commanded either of these groups (1990 – December 2001)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 12 June 2002. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nizkor, Equipo. "LA APARICION DE OSAMENTAS EN UNA ANTIGUA BASE MILITAR DE LA CIA EN HONDURAS REABRE LA PARTICIPACION ARGENTINO-NORTEAMERICANA EN ESE PAIS" [The discovery of bones at a former CIA military base in Honduras reopens Argentine-American participation in that country]. Margen. Archived from the original on 2022-10-05. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
- ↑ Imerman, Vicky; Heather Dean (2009). "Notorious Honduran School of the Americas Graduates". Derechos Human Rights. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ↑ "U.S. continues to train Honduran soldiers". Republic Broadcasting Network. 21 July 2009. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ↑ "20-year search for priest may be over". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 2025-07-16.