Battle of the borders (Algerian War)

Battle of the borders
Iri	faɗa
Bangare na	Yaƙin Aljeriya
Kwanan watan	21 Mayu 1958

Yakin kan iyakoki,^[1] wani ruƙuni ne na ayyukan soji da aka fara musamman akan iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisiya a lokacin yakin Aljeriya, daga 21 ga watan Janairu zuwa 28 ga watan Mayu 1958, da ruƙunin sojojin Faransa na yaki da hare-haren,^[2] da bama-bamai na layin Morice da mayakan Armée de Liberation Nationale (ALN), reshen Tunisiya, da ke cikin wani reshen soji ta Tunisia.^[3]

Tarihi

A cikin watan Janairun 1958, tawayen Aljeriya ya shafe shekaru uku yana aiki.^[4] A wajen ƙasar, Masar ta taimaka wa FLN (sai United Arab Republic), Maroko, musamman ta Tunisia, wacce tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1956, ta zama sansanin mayakan FLN.

Habib Bourguiba ya ƙyale FLN ta yi amfani da Tunis a matsayin babban birni/hedkwata,^[5] da ALN don shigar da kanta a kan iyaka. Kungiyar ALN ta yi amfani da garuruwa da ƙauyuka da dama na ƙasar Tunisiya da ke kusa da kan iyaka a matsayin sansanin horar da ruƙuninsu (katibas), tare da safarar makamai zuwa cikin ƙasar. Wadannan sansanonin sun haɗa da Ghardimaou, Sakiet Sidi Youssef, El Kef, Tajerouine, Thala, Thélepte, Gafsa da Kasserine. Bayan horar da su, waɗannan katibas sun ketare kan iyaka don ƙarfafa wilaya na Kabylia (Wilaya III), Algérois (Wilaya IV), Constantinois (Wilaya II), da Aurès (Wilaya I), tare da su da makamai da alburusai. Oranais (Wilaya V) yana hannun ALN a Maroko, yayin da Sahara (Wilaya VI) a lokacin ya kasance yana gwagwarmayar rayuwa saboda mummunan yanayin hamada da rashin kayan aiki, kuma mafi yawancin 'yan tawaye Si El Haouès ne ke ɗauke da su. Don haka Constantinois, Kabylia da Aurès sun kasance a cikin shekarar 1958, mafi mahimmancin wasan kwaikwayo na yakin. Yawan makaman da ke wucewa ta kan iyakar sun yi yawa.

Da yake fuskantar wani yanayi da ya zama mai wahala yayin da kwanaki ke wucewa, Sojojin Faransa sun nemi hanyoyin magance ƙaruwar yawan makamai daga Tunisiya tun bayan da ƙasar ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1956. A cikin kaka na shekara ta 1957, sama da makamai 2,000 ne ake safarar su ta kan iyakar Tunisiya a kowane wata. Gwamnatin Faransa dai ta yi iya bakin koƙarinta wajen ganin ta matsa wa 'yan Tunisiya lamba a banza. Mafita ɗaya tilo ta zama soja. Babban makasudin sojojin Faransa ya zama shiga tsakani da lalata dukkan makaman da suka ratsa layin Morice, wanda ya kai kilomita 460, daga Tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Sahara.^[6]

Tsarin da aka tsara

A cikin iJanairu 1958 Janar Salan ya ba da umarnin lalata duk wani katiba da ke fitowa daga Tunisia, kafin ko bayan tsallaka layin. Ya sanya wa Janar Paul Vanuxem, kwamandan yankin Gabas Constantinois, da kuma janar mai kula da layin, duk ajiyar da yake da shi, wanda shine na 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment na Laftanar-kanar Jeanpierre, 9th Parachute Chasseur Regiment na Kanar Buchoud, 14thnlion RCP, 18th RCP. Infantry Parachute Regiment na Fourcade da 3rd RPC na Kanar Bigeard daga baya aka maye gurbinsu da Colonel Trinquier.^[6]

Waɗannan runduna guda biyar sun yi sintiri a kan manyan wuraren kutsawa, baya ga tsarin kariya na yau da kullum na layin. Runduna guda huɗu a gabansa, mashinan injiniyoyi shida da ke kula da "Spike strips" da kuma runduna guda shida na ɓangaren sun yi mu'amala da filin da ke kewayen layin. An samar da ruƙunin jiragen helikwafta guda uku a Guelma, Tébessa da Bir el-Ater. A kan buƙatu, za a aika ƙungiyoyin jiragen sama masu haske, ɗauke da makamai da T-6 Texans na Arewacin Amurka, ko kuma masu nauyi tare da Corsairs na ruwa za a iya ba su daga tashoshin jiragen sama na Bône da Tébessa.

Yaki

An ayyana babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin manyan wuraren da dakarun ALN za su kutsa daga ciki, kamar Ghardimaou, ko dai gefen tsaunukan da ke kusa da Medjerda, daga Souk Ahras da Guelma. Sojojin da Rundunar 'Yancin Kai ta Kasa (ALN) ta kakkaɓe a kusa da La Calle, da Souk Ahras da ma'adinan karfen Ouenza, daga sansaninta da ke Gabas, bataliyoyin soja ne guda uku kowanne da ya kunshi katiba uku na mutane 250 zuwa 300. A yakin farko na Souk Ahras, daga 1 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 8 ga watan Fabrairu, 1958, waɗannan rukunin sun fuskanci rundunonin soja 5, ba tare da ƙidayar raka'a da ke kusa da tsiri mai karu da ke tabbatar da tsaron layin Morice ba, ya bazu sama da 700. km, da yin aikinsu na sanar da HQ game da duk wani shigar ALN.

A ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu 1958, sabon shirin ya kawo 'ya'yansa. Jami'an tsaron, waɗanda dakarun runduna na 18 ne suka taimaka suka kama wasu katibas guda biyu waɗanda suka yi kokarin ketare layin. Wannan nasarar ta haifar da mayaƙa 200, an kashe su ko aka ɗaure su, da kuma kwato manyan makamai masu mahimmanci. Tsakanin 25 zuwa 26 ga watan Fabrairu, zuwa 4 ga watan Maris, an kama wasu katibas guda biyu haka.

A tsakiyar Faransa dispositif, tsakanin Montesquieu da Morsott, inda a baya an ƙasa matsa lamba da aka motsa, da sosai vigilant 14th RCP da 16th regiment na dragons ya hana duk wani haye, musamman a lokacin wani a yankin ta ALN kusa da Aïn Beida wanda ya sa 250 FLN fama daga aiki. A El Ma el-Abiod mayakan Aljeriya sun ketare layin ta Kudu. A watan Fabrairun 1957 mayaƙa 600 da ma'aikata 300 sun yi nasarar ketare iyaka. A ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairu, wanda a baya aka ajiye shi kuma yanzu an sake tura shi zuwa kudu, RPC ta 3 ta kama manyan mutane da yawa. Tare da taimakon 8e RPC da 14e RCP, an kashe kusan mayaƙa ɗari daga aiki. Waɗannan yunƙurin, nesa da sansanonin horarwa a arewa, ALN ba su ci gaba da yin nasara ba bayan cin nasara da 3rd RPC da 4th REI suka yi a Jebel Onk ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, 1958.

Yankunan arewa ne kawai suka rage, dakarun ALN da dama sun haɗa kai. Kamar yadda take yi tun daga ranar 21 ga watan Janairu, ta ci gaba da tursasa matsayar Faransa a kan iyakar (wanda ya haifar da yawancin mutanen Faransa), yayin da FLN ta kuma ƙara karfafa matsayinta tare da faïlek na 4 wanda ke da maza 900 zuwa 1,000. Ga babban umarni na ALN, ya zama wajibi a yi gaggawar aiki kamar yadda duka biyun na ɗabi'a, da dabaru na wilaya na ciki suka bar abin da ake so.

Daga ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu zuwa 3 ga watan Mayu, sama da mayaka dubu sun shiga wani sabon hari don kokarin samun katiba biyu don isa wilaya I da II da kuma sashin sadarwa da aka yi niyya don wilaya I. Wannan yakin na biyu na Souk Ahras ya faru ne a Jebel na EI-Mouadjène, kuma ya haɗa da zazzafar rikici tsakanin 'yan Algeria da Bouchod na 9 RCP na Kanar.^[7] Kashi uku na farkon mayaƙan ALN ne suka wuce iyakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Wilaya III a cikin zuciyar Kabylia.

Kwanton ɓaunan Guelma

A ranakun 28 ko 29 ga watan Mayu, kwamandan Faransa Pierre Jeanpierre yana zawarcin 'yan ta'addar ALN tare da ruƙunin sa na soja.^[8] Ba a san shi ba wannan tarko ce da FLN ta kafa. Yayin da suke bin su, an harbo jirginsa mai saukar ungulu da makami mai linzami da wasu ɓoyayyun sojojin Aljeriya suka harba.^[9] Mutuwar wannan babban kwamandan Faransa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da kungiyar ALN ta samu a yakin kan iyakokin ƙasar, a wani yakin soji wanda in ba haka ba an sha kashi.

Bayan haka

Bayan yaƙin adadin makaman da aka yi fasa kwaurinsa ta kan iyaka ya ragu da ƙasa. A shekara ta 1959 makamai 200 ne kawai ake safarar su ta kan iyaka a wata, kuma a shekarar 1960 adadin ya ragu zuwa 60 kacal.

A cikin watanni masu zuwa, irin wannan yanayin ya taso a kan iyakar Morocco. Godiya ga haka, abubuwan cikin gida na ALN sun sami kansu a ware daga waje, kuma sun makale a cikin tsaunukan Aljeriya. Halin da ya dace da shirin Challe.^[9]

Manazarta

↑ Jean-Charles Jauffret (13 January 2016). La Guerre d'Algérie: Les combattants français et leur mémoire. Odile Jacob. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-2-7381-6441-4.
↑ Heuser, Beatrice; Shamir, Eitan (2016). Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: National Styles and Strategic Cultures (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-13504-8.
↑ Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-7864-7470-7.
↑ On Record (in Turanci). Keynote Publications. 1968.
↑ Lentin, Alana (2011-01-15). Racism and Ethnic Discrimination (in Turanci). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4488-1861-7.
1 2 Historia magazine: la guerre d'Algérie (in Faransanci). Tallandier. 1974.
↑ Bataille de Souk-Ahras, on Algérie1.com, 26 avril 2016
↑ Stone, David (2018-10-26). Dien Bien Phu 1954 (in Turanci). Batsford. ISBN 978-1-84994-518-9.
1 2 Dufour, Pierre (2004). La bataille des frontières, guerre d'Algérie (in Faransanci). Trésor du patrimoine. ISBN 978-2-915118-17-9.

[Jauffret2016-1] Jean-Charles Jauffret (13 January 2016). La Guerre d'Algérie: Les combattants français et leur mémoire. Odile Jacob. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-2-7381-6441-4.

[2] Heuser, Beatrice; Shamir, Eitan (2016). Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies: National Styles and Strategic Cultures (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-13504-8.

[Clodfelter2017-3] Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-7864-7470-7.

[4] On Record (in Turanci). Keynote Publications. 1968.

[5] Lentin, Alana (2011-01-15). Racism and Ethnic Discrimination (in Turanci). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4488-1861-7.

[:0-6] 1 2 Historia magazine: la guerre d'Algérie (in Faransanci). Tallandier. 1974.

[7] Bataille de Souk-Ahras, on Algérie1.com, 26 avril 2016

[8] Stone, David (2018-10-26). Dien Bien Phu 1954 (in Turanci). Batsford. ISBN 978-1-84994-518-9.

[:1-9] 1 2 Dufour, Pierre (2004). La bataille des frontières, guerre d'Algérie (in Faransanci). Trésor du patrimoine. ISBN 978-2-915118-17-9.

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