Batutuwan muhalli a Albania
 Batutuwan muhalli a Albania | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli | |||
| Fuskar | Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli | |||
| Ƙasa | Albaniya | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Akwai wasu sanannun Batutuwan muhalli a cikin ƙasar bayan kwaminisanci ta Albania. Batutuwan sun haɗa da gurɓataccen iska da ruwa, kayan aikin kula da sharar gida da kuma sare daji. Yunkurin muhalli na Albania ya hada da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kusan 40.
Tambayoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin gurɓata iska
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin gurɓata iska babban batun muhalli ne a cikin manyan biranen Albania, musamman babban birnin, Tirana. Karuwar gurɓataccen iska a cikin manyan birane ya haifar da karuwar mallakar motoci, karuwar ayyukan sakandare a yankin da raguwar kayan lambu na birane. Matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara na PM10 da NO2 a Tirana suna sama da ƙimar ƙimar ƙididdigar Air Quality Standard da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.[1][2]
Canjin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Albania tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Turai da ke cikin haɗari kuma suna da haɗari ga bala'o'i.[3] bala'o'i na halitta, kamar ambaliyar ruwa da gobarar daji, suna ƙaruwa a Albania saboda canjin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da mummunar lalacewa. Albania tana fuskantar kusan bala'i guda ɗaya a kowace shekara a matsakaici, kowane bala'i yana haifar da lalacewa daidai da 1.3% na GDP na ƙasar kuma yana tasiri kusan 5% na yawan jama'a.[4] Ana sa ran hauhawar matakan teku zai yi mummunar tasiri ga al'ummomin bakin teku da masana'antar yawon bude ido.[4]
A cikin 2023 Albania ta fitar da tan miliyan 7.67 na iskar gas, [5] daidai da tan 2.73 ga kowane mutum, [6] yana mai da shi ƙasa mai ƙarancin fitarwa. Albania's Nationally Determined Contribution to the UNFCCC, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2016 kuma aka sake sabuntawa a cikin 2021, ya tsara kokarin inganta yanayin yanayi a fadin manyan bangarori, gami da makamashi, noma, kiwon lafiyar jama'a, da bambancin halittu. Kasar tana ba da fifiko ga daidaitawa ta hanyar manufofi, bincike, da saka hannun jari a yankuna kamar kariya ta bakin teku, tsara birane, da wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayi. Ayyukan yanayi na Albania suna jagorantar Shirye-shiryen Daidaitawa na Kasa da Sadarwa ta Kasa ta Uku. Kasar ta sadaukar da kanta don ƙirƙirar dabarun dogon lokaci don ci gaban ƙananan carbon da rage hayakin iskar gas.[7] Albania ta yi alkawarin rage kashi 20.9% a cikin hayaki na GHG nan da shekara ta 2030.[8]
Rashin gurɓata ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin gurɓataccen ruwa a Albania ya samo asali ne daga zubar da shara, da kuma fitar da ruwa mai guba da ba a tsabtace shi ba. Koguna biyu da ke ratsa babban birnin, Tirana, sune koguna biyu da suka fi gurɓata a Albania. Lanë da Ishëm (kogin) suna da tsabta a asalin su, amma da zarar sun shiga Tirana, ruwan su ya fi gurɓata sau da yawa fiye da yadda aka ba da izini.[9] An lura da gurɓataccen masana'antu na koguna a cikin koguna Shkumbini, Fani, Gjanika da Semani, inda mahadi masu guba da karafa daga hakar ma'adinai da ayyukan masana'antu ke shafar waɗannan koguna sosai
Rashin da aka yi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin kula da sharar gida ya ƙunshi tsarin tattarawa mai rauni a cikin birane da ƙananan tsarin tattarawa a yankunan karkara. Tarin tarin Albania yana kusa da kashi 77%. Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ne ke yin sake amfani da su, waɗanda ke daukar matalauta aiki don tattara filastik, ƙarfe, gilashi da takarda wanda aka sarrafa ko a kwashe sannan a sayar da su ga wasu ƙasashe.[10] Sauran galibi an cika su da ƙasa. Sanin sake amfani da sharar gida yana da ƙarancin gaske. Rashin datti da zubar da shara ya kasance matsala mai tsanani ga Albania.[11]
Kashe daji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kashe katako ba bisa ka'ida ba shine babban barazana ga gandun daji na Albania.[12] Sauran barazanar ta fito ne daga gobarar daji wanda a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ya kara karfi. Albania tana da 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index na 6.77/10, wanda ya sanya shi na 64 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172.[13]
Yunkurin muhalli a Albania
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yunkurin muhalli a Albania yana wakiltar kusan kungiyoyi 100 masu zaman kansu (NGOs). Ya ƙunshi kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na gida da na ƙasa. Kasa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 40 suna aiki saboda rashin kudade da shingen tasiri ga masu yanke shawara. Manyan kungiyoyin muhalli a Albania sune Ekolëvizja, Cibiyar Manufofin Muhalli a Albania, Cibiyar Muhalli ta Yankin a Albania, cibiyar EDEN, da Millieukontakt Albania.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Labarin masu cin wuta na Albania
- Jerin batutuwan muhalli
- Jerin batutuwan kiyayewa
- Jerin batutuwan kiyayewa
- Jerin batutuwan muhalli
- Jerin batutuwa masu dorewa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Tirana Air Quality Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ↑ "MAPPING AIR POLLUTION IN URBAN TIRANA AREA USING GIS" (PDF). Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2012.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ World Bank (October 2024). "Albania—Country Climate and Development Report". World Bank (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- 1 2 International monetary Fund (14 November 2022). "IMF Country Report No. 22/363: Albania". IMF. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
- ↑ Jones, Matthew W.; Peters, Glen P.; Gasser, Thomas; Andrew, Robbie M.; Schwingshackl, Clemens; Gütschow, Johannes; Houghton, Richard A.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Pongratz, Julia; Le Quéré, Corinne (2023-03-29). "National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850". Scientific Data. 10 (1). doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02041-1. ISSN 2052-4463. PMC 10060593 Check
|pmc=value (help). - ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Rosado, Pablo; Roser, Max (2024-01-05). "Greenhouse gas emissions". Our World in Data (in Turanci).
- ↑ World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. "Country: Albania". climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- ↑ "Albania Climate Change Data | Emissions and Policies". www.climatewatchdata.org. Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- ↑ "Second Environmental Progress Report Related with the New Constructed Wetland in the Place Bregu Lumit (Tirana River)" (PDF). Institute for Environmental Policy-Albania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ↑ "Albania — European Environment Agency".
- ↑ "Pollution". Institute for Environmental Policy in Albania. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ↑ "Illegal Logging Ravages Albania's Forests". Retrieved 24 January 2012.[dead link]
- ↑ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.