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Batutuwan muhalli a Arewacin Makidoniya

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Batutuwan muhalli a Arewacin Makidoniya
Bayanai
Ƙasa Masadoiniya ta Arewa

Batutuwan muhalli a Arewacin Makidoniya sun haɗa da gurɓataccen iska da ruwa, sare daji, barazanar jinsunan da ke cikin yankin da Canjin yanayi. Akwai gurɓataccen gurɓata a cikin iska, ruwa da ƙasa na Arewacin Makidoniya. Dangane da kimantawa na 2019, an dauki kasar a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girman matakan gurɓata a Turai.[1]

Al'adar kasar ta auna ingancin iska ta fara ne a shekarar 1965, bayan haka za a iya sa ido kan yanayin birane don matakin gurɓataccen yanayi. Rashin gurɓata iska yana shafar lafiyar 'yan ƙasa, da farko tsarin numfashi da na zuciya. Wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da karuwar gurɓataccen iska a cikin ƙasar sun haɗa da amfani da itace da carbon a lokacin hunturu da kuma zirga-zirga mai nauyi wanda ya mamaye ta hanyar amfani da tsoffin motoci. Shirye-shiryen gwamnati da na 'yan ƙasa don magance matsalar gurɓataccen iska sun bayyana tare da matakai daban-daban na nasara.

Akwai gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin albarkatun ruwa na ƙasar, da farko manyan koguna Vardar, Bregalnica da Kogin Crna da Tafkin Ohrid. Wannan yafi yawa saboda zubar da ruwa mai guba daga masana'antu, hakar ma'adinai, Gidaje da noma.

Tarihi

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Wasu daga cikin wuraren da ake yawan gurbata muhalli a kasar sun hada da yankunan birane. Duk da haka, an lura da gurbatar yanayi a wasu yankunan karkara ma. Wasu daga cikin garuruwan da aka fi yawan gurɓatar da su sun haɗa da Skopje babban birnin ƙasar da manyan biranen kamar Tetovo da Bitola . [2] [3]

An fara yin rikodin ingancin iska a shekarar 1965 lokacin da ake tattara samfurori na abubuwa masu cutarwa. Tun daga shekarun 1990s, an aiwatar da fasahar zamani a duk faɗin ƙasar. An kiyasta barbashi na iska a Skopje sun wuce matakan tsaro da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar sau 20. An sanya Skopje a kai a kai a matsayin daya daga cikin biranen da aka fi gurbatawa, a Turai da duniya. Matakan PM10 a cikin 2018 sun kasance sama da iyakokin EU na kwanaki 202; a wannan shekarar sun kai 2.5 PM, ma'auni wanda ke nuna mafi haɗari na gurɓata iska ga kiwon lafiya.[4][5] Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Shirye-shiryen Jiki tana da alhakin yin rikodin gurɓataccen yanayi a kasar.[6]

A cikin 2022, ana sa ran matakan gurɓata a cikin ƙasar za su tashi fiye da baya saboda rikicin tattalin arzikin duniya.

Rashin gurɓata iska

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Tushen gurɓata iska ta hanyar fitar da iskar gas a cikin birni a cikin ƙasar.

Babban dalilin

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Yanayin ingancin iska ya kara muni tare da farkon lokacin dumama. Bugu da ƙari, saboda wurin da ƙasar ke cikin yankin da ke da tsaunuka da kuma Yanayin Bahar Rum, yana da wuyar magance matsalar. Hawan iska mai dumi sama da haɗuwa da iska mai sanyi da nauyi a ƙasa yana haifar da samar da hayaki.[5] Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska, a cikin tsari mai saukowa sun haɗa da:

  • Ƙone itace da amfani da man fetur na biomass a matsayin hanyar dumama gida a lokacin hunturu mai sanyi yana samar da barbashi na PM10 da carbon monoxide.[1][3] Wannan yana da alaƙa da matsayi na zamantakewar al'umma da tattalin arziki kuma bisa ga wasu kimantawa, 42-45% na 'yan asalin babban birnin suna amfani da itace don dumama gidajensu, wanda kuma an saya a wani ɓangare a kasuwar baƙar fata.[5]
  • Tsoffin motoci waɗanda ba su cika ƙa'idodin fitarwa na EU ba da kuma fataucin kaya mai nauyi suna haifar da PM10 da carbon monoxide.[1][3] Karin shigo da irin waɗannan motocin ya bayyana a cikin 2010 bayan shawarar da gwamnatin ke jagoranta a lokacin.[5]
  • Hanyoyin samar da masana'antu waɗanda suka tsufa fiye da sauran Turai [5]
  • Kashe shara ta hanyar ƙonewa [1]
  • Samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da man fetur mai kama da kwal mai launin ruwan kasa (lignite) da man fetus mai ruwa - nitrogen oxides da sulfur dioxide [3][2]
  • Yawan jama'a; ayyukan gini - ƙura; rashin isasshen birni, wuraren samarwa Silmak da Teteks; wurin tafkin ƙasa - Tetovo [3]

Kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashe na bayan Yugoslavia, binciken da Health and Environment Alliance ya yi ya gano cewa manyan gurɓataccen iska sun haɗa da tsire-tsire 16 da ake samu a yankunan ƙasashen.[5]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 3 4 Testorides, Konstantin (20 December 2019). "North Macedonia: Hundreds protest dangerous air pollution". AP News. Retrieved 20 February 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "apnews" defined multiple times with different content.
  2. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "reportmk".
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Information about the air pollution in cities in the Republic of Macedonia and possible risks to health". Institute of Public Health of Republic of Macedonia. 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "iph" defined multiple times with different content.
  4. ↑ Bateman, Jessica (2 July 2020). "The young people fighting the worst smog in Europe". BBC. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lee, Joi; Mickute, Viktorija (19 March 2019). "Inside Skopje, Europe's most polluted capital city". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 February 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "jazeera" defined multiple times with different content.
  6. ↑ Puleska Janusheska, Biljana; Andonov, Dejan (10 March 2021). "Recording the pressures on the water resources: Who pollutes the waters in North Macedonia?" (PDF). Institute of Communication Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
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