Batutuwan muhalli a Estonia

Batutuwan muhalli a Estonia
geography of geographic location (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Yanayin Turai
Fuskar	Istoniya
Ƙasa	Istoniya
Rukunin da yake danganta	Category:Estonia geography-related lists (en) da Category:Lists of landforms of Estonia (en)

Tsakanin 57.3 da 59.5 latitude da 21.5 da 28.1 longitude, Estonia tana kan gabar gabashin Tekun Baltic a matakin arewa maso yammacin ɓangaren Gabashin Turai. Yankin Estonia yana da iyaka a arewacin Gulf of Finland (wani ɓangare na Tekun Baltic) a fadin Finland, zuwa gabas da Tafkin Peipus da Rasha, kuma zuwa kudu da Latvia. Baya ga ɓangaren nahiyar Turai, yankin Estonia ya haɗa da manyan tsibirai na Saaremaa da Hiiumaa, da kuma wasu tsibirai da tsibirai sama da 2,200 a cikin Tekun Baltic, a yamma da arewacin gabar ƙasar.

Matsakaicin tsawo a Estonia ya kai 50 metres (164 ft) .

Yanayin yanayi na teku ne, rigar, tare da matsakaiciyar hunturu da lokacin sanyi. Shale mai mai da dutse mai, tare da gandun daji waɗanda suka rufe kashi 47% na ƙasar, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ta tattalin arziki a cikin wannan ƙasa mai talauci. Estonia tana alfahari da tabkuna 1,500, bogs da yawa, da kilomita 3,794 na bakin teku da aka yi alama da bays da yawa.

Yanayin ƙasa

Taswirar Estonia

Yanayin da ke cikin gandun daji na Estonia a cikin hunturu

Estonia is a flat country covering 45,339 square kilometres (17,505 sq mi), of which internal waters comprise 4.6%. Estonia has a long, shallow coastline (3,794 kilometres (2,357 mi)) along the Baltic Sea, with 1,520 islands dotting the shore. The two largest islands are Saaremaa (literally, island land), at 2,673 square kilometres (1,032 sq mi), and Hiiumaa, at 989 square kilometres (382 sq mi). The two islands are favorite Estonian vacation spots. The country's highest point, Suur Munamägi (Egg Mountain), is in the hilly southeast and reaches 318 metres (1,043 ft) above sea level. Estonia is covered by about 18,000 square kilometres (6,950 sq mi) of forest. Arable land amounts to about 9,260 square kilometres (3,575 sq mi). Meadows cover about 2,520 square kilometres (973 sq mi), and pastureland covers about 1,810 square kilometres (699 sq mi). There are more than 1,400 natural and artificial lakes in Estonia. The largest of them, Lake Peipus (3,555 square kilometres (1,373 sq mi)), forms much of the border between Estonia and Russia. Located in central Estonia, Võrtsjärv is the second-largest lake (270 square kilometres (104 sq mi)). The Narva and Emajõgi are among the most important of the country's many rivers.

Ƙananan, ƙaramin rukuni na kwanan nan na craters na meteorite, mafi girma daga cikinsu ana kiransa Kaali ana samun su a tsibirin Estonia na Saaremaa. Wataƙila mazaunan Iron Age na yankin ne suka shaida tasirin.

Estonia has a temperate climate, with four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 17.1 °C (62.8 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and from −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) on the Baltic islands to −7.6 °C (18.3 °F) inland in February, the coldest month. Precipitation averages 568 millimetres (22.4 in) per year and is heaviest in late summer.

Iyakar ƙasar Estonia da Latvia tana gudanar da 333 kilometres (207 mi) ; iyakar Rasha tana gudanar da 324 kilometres (201 mi) . Daga 1920 zuwa 1945, iyakar Estonia da Rasha, wanda aka kafa ta yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Tartu ta 1920, ta wuce kogin Narva a arewa maso gabas da bayan garin Petseri a kudu maso gabas. Wannan yanki, ya kai kimanin 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi) , an tura shi zuwa Soviet Rasha a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu .

Ilimin ƙasa

Dutsen da ke Valaste Falls yana nuna yanayin yanayi na lokuta daban-daban.

Estonia yana arewa maso yammacin Platform na Gabashin Turai, yana iyaka da Garkuwan Fennoscandian . Gidan gado na Estonia ya ƙunshi manyan yadudduka biyu: ginshiƙi na crystalline da murfin sedimentary. An ƙara rarraba waɗannan zuwa rukunin gine-gine daban-daban guda uku. Gilashin ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi granites, gneisses, da sauran duwatsun crystalline, waɗanda aka kafa a lokacin Proterozoic . Wannan an lullube shi da murfin dutsen Paleozoic, gami da duwatsun ƙasa da yashi . Sama da wannan, shimfidar wuri na kwata-kwata ya ƙunshi nau'ikan da ba a haɗa su ba kamar tsakuwa, yashi, da yumbu waɗanda suka samo asali a cikin Cenozoic .