Batutuwan muhalli a Hawaii

Hawaii tsibiri ne a Tekun Pacific 2,000 miles (3,200 km) a gefen tekun Amurka.

Batutuwan muhalli a Hawaii
aspect in a geographic region (en)
Bayanai
Fuskar	Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka

Yawancin matsalolin muhalli da suka shafi Hawaii a yau suna da alaƙa da matsin lamba daga ƙaruwar yawan mutane da dabbobi, da kuma faɗaɗa birane kai tsaye a tsibiran da kuma daga ƙasashen waje. Waɗannan batutuwan sun haɗa da tasirin da ba za a iya dorewa ba na yawon buɗe ido, ƙaura zuwa birane, tasirin sauyin yanayi kamar hauhawar matakin teku, gurɓataccen iska (musamman gurɓataccen filastik na ruwa ), da nau'ikan halittu masu mamaye muhalli .

Ingancin ruwa

Ruwan da ke kewaye da Tsibiran Hawaii yana shafar yawan sharar gida kamar tarkacen ruwa daga ƙasa da tushen teku da ke kwarara zuwa gaɓar teku, da kuma ruwan da ake fitarwa daga tsibiran. Musamman tekuna suna fuskantar matsala sakamakon abubuwan da suka haɗa da tarkacen ruwa, gurɓataccen robobi, da yawon buɗe ido .

Ɓarna na ruwa

Sharar da aka samu daga Babban Filin Shara na Pacific ta kwarara zuwa gabar teku a kudancin Hawaii.

Matsayin Hawaii musamman ya sanya ta zama wurin da tarkacen ruwa ke taruwa sosai, idan aka yi la'akari da kwararar ruwan teku da kuma wurin da yake a yankin Arewacin Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone. Sakamakon haka, tarkacen ruwa ba wai kawai sharar da ke fitowa daga tsibiran ba ne, har ma ana ɗaukar su daga wasu wurare a faɗin duniya. Ƙungiyoyi da dama, da na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu, sun ɗauki matakai don magance tasirin muhalli na tarkacen da ake kai wa bakin teku ta hanyar tsaftace su. Hukumar Kula da Teku da Yanayi ta Ƙasa, wadda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka, ta "jagoranci wannan aikin kowace shekara tun daga 1996, tana cire jimillar tan 904 na tarkacen ruwa" tun daga 2014.

Gurɓatar filastik

Shara ta Pacific, bakin teku mai yashi baƙi, Maui, Hawaii

Duk da cewa gurɓataccen robobi yana ƙarƙashin laima ta "ɓangaren ruwa", yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke shafar rayuwar ruwa da kuma tushen gurɓataccen ruwa a ko'ina a cikin tekuna. A cikin wani bincike na 2014, "bincike na farko da ya kwatanta dukkan girman robobi masu iyo a cikin tekuna na duniya daga manyan kayayyaki zuwa ƙananan ƙananan robobi ," masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa akwai aƙalla barbashi na robobi tiriliyan 5.25 a cikin teku. A tarihi, sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da teku a matsayin wurin zubar da makamai daga 1919 zuwa 1970, kuma sojojin Amurka sun jefa bama-bamai 16,000 na gas na mustard a cikin zurfin ruwa (kudancin Pearl Harbor bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu). A halin yanzu, sharar robobi masu iyo daga kayayyakin masu amfani da za a iya zubarwa suna taruwa a cikin Babban Filin Shara na Pacific, daga tarkace daga ƙarshe suna isa ga reefs da rairayin bakin teku a Hawaii . Tekun Kamilo, wanda ke kudu da Babban Tsibiri, ya lalace sakamakon gurɓataccen filastik daga yankin kuma Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya ( BBC ) ya sanya masa suna "Mafi Datti a Tekun Duniya" . Abin da ya bambanta da wannan wurin shine yawan ƙananan filastik da meso-plastic, inda masana ilimin ƙasa suka gano duwatsun da aka yi da filastik da ake kira "plastiglomerates "; suna tsammanin wannan sabon dutsen zai zama wani ɓangare na tarihin burbushin halittu, wanda ke nuna ƙarfin tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli. Ana samar da Plastiglomerates lokacin da "roba mai narkewa ya haɗa yashi, harsashi, duwatsu, basalt, murjani da itace, ko kuma ya shiga cikin ramukan manyan duwatsu don samar da haɗin dutse da filastik"; kodayake ba a gano su ba sai a shekarar 2012 ta hannun Kyaftin Charles Moore daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Ruwa ta Algalita, plastiglomerates suna faruwa a wasu sassan duniya, wani ɓangare ta hanyar ayyukan amfani da wuta kamar gobara.

Kasancewar robobi yana da illa ga halittun ruwa, gami da tsuntsayen ruwa, waɗanda galibi ke makale a cikin filastik ko kuma su yi kuskuren amfani da robobi a matsayin tushen abinci kuma su cinye su. Bincike ya nuna cewa shan robobi na iya toshe fitar da sinadarin enzyme na ciki, rage abin da ke motsa abinci, rage matakan hormones, da kuma haifar da gazawar haihuwa. Bita na "Gurɓatar Muhalli ta Ruwa ta hanyar Rushewar Robobi" a cikin Bulletin na Gurɓatar Ruwa ya lura da nau'ikan halittu da dama da shan robobi ya shafa waɗanda abubuwan da ke haifar da abinci da zaɓi suka shafa, kamar kunkuru mai kama da na teku, inda aka gano cewa an cinye fararen robobi.

Ingancin iska

Idan aka kwatanta da babban yankin Amurka, ƙimar Hawaii akan ma'aunin ingancin iska tana cikin mafi kyau. Kimanin kashi 47% na duk hayakin da ke fitowa daga ƙona man fetur don samar da wutar lantarki. Sufurin ƙasa shine na biyu mafi girma da ke ba da gudummawa da kashi 22%, yayin da sufurin sama ke ba da gudummawa da kashi 19%.