Batutuwan muhalli a Iran
 Batutuwan muhalli a Iran | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli |
| Ƙasa | Iran |
Iran tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi girma a duniya kuma mafi yawan jama'a, tana da Yankin kusan miliyan 1.7 sq. km da yawan mutane miliyan 91.5. Tun daga shekara ta 1966 Iran ta sami karuwar yawan jama'a, da farko an rubuta shi a mutane 25,781,090, kuma ya kai 75,330,000 a shekara ta 2010. Yanayi daban-daban, karuwar yawan jama'a, dogaro mai yawa ga burbushin burbushin halittu, da ƙin yin niyya ga burin dorewa ya kara karfin Iran ga Rikicin muhalli da Canjin yanayi.
Batutuwan muhalli a Iran sun haɗa da, musamman a cikin birane, hayakin motoci, ayyukan refinery, da kuma masana'antu wanda ke taimakawa ga iska mara kyau. Wani rahoto daga Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya sanya Iran a matsayi na 117 a cikin kasashe 133 dangane da alamun muhalli.[1] Rashin ruwa kuma damuwa ne tunda karuwar yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen matakan hazo da ke da alaƙa da dumamar yanayi na duniya na iya haifar da fari ko ambaliyar ruwa wanda zai kara lalata wadatar ruwa.
Rashin gurɓata iska
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta asarar da aka yi wa Tattalin arzikin Iran sakamakon mutuwar da gurɓataccen iska ya haifar a dala miliyan 640, wanda ya yi daidai da rials tiriliyan 5.1 ko kashi 0.57 na GDP.[2] Cututtukan da suka haifar da gurɓataccen iska suna haifar da asarar da aka kiyasta a dala miliyan 260 a kowace shekara ko rials biliyan 2.1 ko kashi 0.23 cikin dari na GDP akan tattalin arzikin Iran.
Yawancin motoci suna amfani da gubar mai kuma basu da kayan sarrafa hayaki. An kima Tehran a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi gurbacewar yanayi a duniya. Koyaya, bas da motocin da ke amfani da iskar gas ana shirin maye gurbin jiragen jigilar jama'a da ake da su a nan gaba. Hakanan, farashin makamashi yana raguwa ta hanyar wucin gadi a Iran ta hanyar tallafin jihohi masu nauyi, wanda ke haifar da rashin inganci da gurɓataccen tsarin amfani. [3] [4] Gudanar da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, binciken ababen hawa, amfani da keken lantarki gabaɗaya da gwamnatin lantarki suma wani bangare ne na mafita. [5]
Karin cututtuka numfashi ya sa gwamnatocin birni na Tehran da Arak, kudu maso yammacin babban birnin, su kafa shirye-shiryen kula da gurɓataccen iska. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna da niyyar rage sannu a hankali adadin sunadarai masu cutarwa da aka saki cikin yanayi.[6]
Canjin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iran ta kasance cikin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto kan Canjin yanayi amma ba Doha Amendment ba.[7] Ya sanya hannu amma bai tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris kan canjin yanayi ba.[8]
Tsarin halittu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin yankunan Iran suna fama da yawan kiwo, hamada da ko sare daji.
Ana lalata wuraren da ke da ruwa mai laushi yayin da masana'antu da aikin noma ke fadada, kuma man fetur da zubar da sinadarai sun cutar da rayuwar ruwa a Tekun Farisa da Tekun Caspian.[9] Iran ta yi jayayya cewa gagarumin kasa da kasa don bunkasa man fetur da gas a cikin Tekun Caspian ya gabatar da wannan yankin tare da sabon tsarin barazanar muhalli.[10] Kodayake Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta wanzu tun 1971, Iran ba ta riga ta samar da manufofin Ci gaba mai ɗorewa ba saboda burin tattalin arziki na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun fi dacewa.[11]
An sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba: Canjin Muhalli, Dokar Tekun, Kula da Rayuwar Ruwa.[12]
Kashe daji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iran tana da 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index na 7.67/10, wanda ya sanya shi na 34 a duniya daga cikin kasashe 172.[13]
Bala'o'i na halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iran tana fuskantar fari na lokaci-lokaci, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwar ƙura, guguwa da girgizar ƙasa a kan iyakar yamma da arewa maso gabas.[12]
Rugujewar ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iran ta kasance mafi muni a duniya don Rushewar ƙasa a cikin 2011, [14] tare da rahotanni daga 2017 da ke nuna cewa yawan rushewar ƙasar ya ninka sau 2.5 na matsakaicin duniya. [15]
Rashin da aka yi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kiyasta tan 50,000 na sharar gida a cikin ƙasar kowace rana wanda wani abu tsakanin kashi 70 zuwa 80 cikin dari aka zubar da tsabta amma sauran ba haka ba ne.[16] Iran tana samar da fiye da tan miliyan 8 na sharar gida mai haɗari a kowace shekara (2016). [17]
Ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin ruwa na masana'antu da na birane ya gurɓata koguna, ruwa na bakin teku da na karkashin kasa.
Rashin ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Iran Environment in Grave Danger". payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
- ↑ "Iran Daily – Front Page – 03/06/07". Archived from the original on 2007-11-15. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
- ↑ "Atieh Bahar". 28 September 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
- ↑ "Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 01/11/09". Archived from the original on 2009-03-18. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
- ↑ "YouTube". Archived from the original on 2010-06-07 – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Iran Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Report Q2". payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ↑ "United Nations Treaty Collection". United Nations. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ↑ "United Nations Treaty Collection". United Nations. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
- ↑ "Iran – Country Brief". web.worldbank.org.
- ↑ "Iran environment in grave danger". payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ↑ "Green Party of Iran – News". iran-e-sabz.org. Archived from the original on 2008-10-09. Retrieved 2025-08-03.
- 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2012-12-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
- ↑ "Iran ranked worst in the world for soil erosion: expert". payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-13. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
- ↑ "Soil erosion in Iran 2.5 times the world average". Tehran Times. 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
- ↑ "Every Iranian produces 700 grams of garbage per day". payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-13. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ↑ "Hazardous Waste Production Alarming". 23 October 2016. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2025.