Batutuwan muhalli a Kudancin Afirka
 Batutuwan muhalli a Kudancin Afirka | ||||
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| Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli | ||||
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Akwai batutuwan muhalli da yawa a Kudancin Afirka, ƙasar Canjin yanayi, ƙasa, ruwa, sare daji, lalacewar ƙasa, da gurɓataccen yanayi. Yankin Kudancin Afirka da kansa, ban da Afirka ta Kudu, [1] yana samar da karancin hayaki na carbon amma yana karɓar Tasirin canjin yanayi wanda ke nuna canje-canje a cikin hazo, abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da yanayin zafi. Ta hanyar ƙoƙari na ci gaba da kasancewa tare da kasashe masu tasowa da ƙoƙarin biyan buƙatun yawan jama'a masu ƙaruwa, Kudancin Afirka ya ƙare albarkatun sa da yawa wanda ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar muhalli. Kudancin Afirka, da kayan aiki sune mahimman tattalin arzikin su, kuma wannan yankin ya dogara da waɗannan albarkatun. Ci gaba da raguwa da rashin kulawa da albarkatun kasa sun kai Kudancin Afirka zuwa jihar da suke.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kudancin Afirka ta ƙunshi ƙasashe kamar: Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Afirka ta Kudu, Zambia, da Zimbabwe. Lesotho tana kewaye da Afirka ta Kudu (yana cikin tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu).
Wasu batutuwan muhalli da ke shafar Kudancin Afirka sune: gurɓataccen ruwa, gurɓatawar iska, lalacewar ƙasa, gurɓatar sharar gida, da kuma sare daji. Lalacewar muhalli yana shafar ba kawai Lafiyar jama'a ba, har ma da nau'in da ke zaune a yankin, yayin da yake ba da gudummawa ga batun Canjin yanayi na duniya.
Matsalar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan Kudancin Afirka shine rashin ruwa mai tsabta. Dangane da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2000, ruwan da ke kewaye da Afirka ba a rarraba shi ba daidai ba, ma'ana cewa kashi 60% na ruwa yana cikin kashi 20% kawai na ƙasar.[2] Kasa da kashi 10% na ruwan saman Kudancin Afirka yana samuwa [3] kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin ruwan su na ƙasa yana ƙarƙashin manyan duwatsu, ruwan ƙasa ya zama da wuya a samu.[2] Canjin yanayi da tasirin sa akan zafin jiki da hazo na iya samun ƙarin tasiri.
Yawancin 'yan Afirka suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan karkara, suna ƙara yawan buƙatun ruwa mai tsafta [4] kuma yayin da buƙatun ke ƙaruwa sosai, samar da ruwa mai tsafta yana da iyaka. Bugu da kari ga manyan bukatu, madatsar ruwa ta Durban ta ragu da kashi 20% tun daga shekarar 2010, kuma har zuwa kashi 30% na ruwan an sace ko kuma an ba da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar cinikin kasa da kasa. [4] "Bita na samun ruwa a cikin 1996 an kiyasta cewa yawan yawan ruwa na shekara-shekara ya kai mita miliyan 150, matsakaicin matsakaicin m tsarin shekara-shekara shine 33 290 miliyan cubic mita, kuma jimlar ruwa na shekara-shekara ya kasance 20 045 miliyan cubic mita. Bukatun ruwa na iya karuwa da kusan 50% ta hanyar 2030 (Department) da Ruwa. [5]
Kodayake Afirka ta Kudu tana da mafi kyawun ruwa mai tsabta daga dukkan ƙasashe a Kudancin Afirka, da yawa ba su da damar samun tsabtace muhalli.[6] Yawancin ruwan da ake samu a Kudancin Afirka ba shi da tsabta, yana sa ruwa ya kasance mai rauni ga cututtukan da ake samu daga ruwa. Cututtukan da ke yaduwa da ruwa kamar Hepatitis A da Hepatitis E suna ƙaruwa, yayin da wasu daga cikin ruwa suka zama marasa tsabta har cututtuka kamar: zazzabin typhoid, Leptospirosis, Schistosomiasis, da Bilharzia suna yaduwa ta hanyar hulɗa da ruwa.[7]
Rashin gurɓata muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rashin gurɓata ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gidajen birni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da yawan mutanen da ke ƙaura zuwa birane ke ƙaruwa, buƙatun samar da abinci ma suna ƙaruwa. A matsayin hanyar ci gaba da waɗannan buƙatu masu yawa, amfani da taki da gurɓataccen datti suma suna karkata. Chemicals da aka samu a cikin taki da sharar gida na iya haifar da cututtuka, wanda ke da lahani ga wasu nau'o'in a cikin muhalli. Cututtuka suna ƙaruwa wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka kamar: zawo, hayfever, rashes na fata, amai, zazzabi, Gastroenteritis, ciwon tsoka da haɗin gwiwa, da kuma fushin ido.[8]
Ruwan mai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Afirka ta Kudu tana a ƙarshen Kudancin Afirka. Wannan wuri ya sa Afirka ta Kudu ta zama mai saukin kamuwa da zubar da mai. Ana jigilar manyan matakan mai daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Turai da Amurka tare da bakin tekun, yana sa ruwan Kudancin Afirka da yanayin halittu su kasance cikin haɗari don lalacewa sosai. Don haka yana da saukin zubar da mai.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Rennkamp, Britta; Marquard, Andrew (2017-10-02). "South Africa's multiple faces in current climate clubs". South African Journal of International Affairs. 24 (4): 443–461. doi:10.1080/10220461.2017.1421479. ISSN 1022-0461.
- 1 2 "Environmental Problems in South Africa". WWF Global. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
- ↑ "Initial National Communication under the United Nations Framework; Convention on Climate Change" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
- 1 2 "Water in Crisis South Africa". The Water Project. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ "Environmental Problems in South Africa". WWF Global. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
- ↑ "The quiet water crisis". Humanitarian News and Analysis. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ "South Africa major infectious diseases". index Mundi. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ "Water Pollution". The Water Wise Education Team, Scientific Services Division. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ↑ "South Africa: Environmental Issues". United States; Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.