Bauhaus
 Bauhaus | |
|---|---|
architectural style (en)  , art movement (en) , arts educational institution (en) da institution (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Neues Bauen (en) |
| Bangare na |
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau (en) |
| Farawa | 1919 |
| Fuskar |
functionalism (en) |
| Suna a harshen gida | das Staatliche Bauhaus da Hochschule für Bau und Gestaltung |
| Archives at (en) | Tarihin Bauhaus |
| Wanda ya samar |
Walter Gropius (mul) |
| Ƙasa | Jamus |
| Location of formation (en) |
Weimar (mul) |
| Derivative work (en) |
mid-century modern (en) |
| Ta biyo baya |
Staatliche Bauhochschule Weimar (mul) |
| Wanda ya biyo bayanshi |
Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (en) |
| Wanda yake bi |
Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School (en) |
| Influenced by (en) |
Deutscher Werkbund (en) da De Stijl (en) |
| Kyauta ta samu |
8502 Bauhaus (mul) |
| Tsarin gine-gine |
Art Nouveau architecture (en) |
| Date of official opening (en) | ga Afirilu, 1919 |
| Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) | 1933 |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Jamus |
| Federated state of Germany (en) | Sachsen-Anhalt (mul) |
| Urban municipality in Germany (en) | Dessau-Roßlau (en) |
Bauhaus na Staatliches ( ), wanda aka fi sani da Bauhaus , makarantar fasaha ce ta Jamus wacce ke aiki daga 1919 zuwa 1933 wacce ta haɗa sana'o'i da fasaha mai kyau . [1] Makarantar ta shahara saboda tsarinta na ƙira, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin haɗa hangen nesa na fasaha na mutum ɗaya tare da ƙa'idodin samar da kayayyaki da yawa da kuma fifita aiki . [1]
An kafa Bauhaus ta hannun mai zane Walter Gropius a Weimar . An kafa ta ne bisa ra'ayin ƙirƙirar Gesamtkunstwerk ("zane-zane mai cikakken tsari") wanda daga ƙarshe za a haɗa dukkan fasaha. Daga baya salon Bauhaus ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi tasiri a cikin ƙirar zamani, gine-ginen zamani, da ilimin gine-gine. Ƙungiyar Bauhaus ta yi tasiri sosai kan ci gaba a cikin fasaha, gine-gine, ƙirar zane, ƙirar ciki, ƙirar masana'antu, da rubutu . [2] Ma'aikatan Bauhaus sun haɗa da fitattun masu fasaha kamar Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Gunta Stölzl, da László Moholy-Nagy a wurare daban-daban.
Makarantar ta wanzu a birane uku na Jamus— Weimar, daga 1919 zuwa 1925; Dessau, daga 1925 zuwa 1932; da Berlin, daga 1932 zuwa 1933—a ƙarƙashin daraktocin gine-gine guda uku daban-daban: Walter Gropius daga 1919 zuwa 1928; Hannes Meyer daga 1928 zuwa 1930; da Ludwig Mies van der Rohe daga 1930 zuwa 1933, lokacin da aka rufe makarantar ta hanyar shugabancinta a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga gwamnatin Nazi, bayan an zana ta a matsayin cibiyar ilimin gurguzu. A duniya, tsoffin manyan mutane na Bauhaus sun yi nasara a Amurka kuma an san su da avant-garde don Tsarin Duniya . Birnin Fari na Tel Aviv, wanda yawancin masu gine-ginen Bauhaus na Yahudawa suka yi ƙaura zuwa gare shi, yana da mafi girman yawan gine-ginen ƙasa da ƙasa na Bauhaus a duniya.
Sauye-sauyen wurin da shugabanci ya haifar da sauyi a hankali, dabaru, malamai, da siyasa. Misali, an dakatar da shagon tukwane lokacin da makarantar ta koma daga Weimar zuwa Dessau, duk da cewa muhimmin tushen samun kudin shiga ne; lokacin da Mies van der Rohe ya karɓi makarantar a shekarar 1930, don ƙoƙarin guje wa matsin lambar gwamnatin Nazi, ya mayar da ita makaranta mai zaman kanta kuma bai bar wani mai goyon bayan Hannes Meyer ya halarci makarantar ba.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 2009), ISBN 0-19-953294-X, pp. 64–66
- ↑ "Bauhaus Movement". Rethinking the world Art and Technology – A new Unity.