Bauta a Amurka
 | |
| Iri |
historical event (en)  |
|---|---|
| Validity (en) | 4 ga Yuli, 1776 – |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Yana haddasa |
Yaƙin basasar Amurka Ƙyamar Afirka anti-black sentiment (en) racism against African-Americans (en) |
| Has part(s) (en) | |
|
United States slave trade (en) | |
Tsarin doka na bautar ɗan adam, wanda ya haɗa da bautar da farko na 'Yan Afirka da' 'Yan Afirka na Afirka, ya kasance a Amurka daga lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1776 har zuwa 1865, galibi a Kudu. An kafa bautar a duk lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Turai a Amurka. Daga 1526, a farkon Lokacin mulkin mallaka, an yi shi a cikin abin da ya zama mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, gami da Koloni goma sha uku da suka kafa Amurka. A karkashin doka, an haifi yara a cikin bautar, kuma ana bi da bawa a matsayin dukiya da za a iya saya, siyarwa, ko bayarwa. Bautar ta kasance a cikin kusan rabin Jihohin Amurka har zuwa sokewa a 1865, kuma batutuwan da suka shafi bautar sun shiga cikin kowane bangare na siyasar ƙasa, tattalin arziki, da al'adun zamantakewa.[1] A cikin shekarun da suka gabata bayan ƙarshen Sake ginawa a 1877, yawancin ayyukan tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na bautar sun ci gaba ta hanyar rarrabewa, sharecropping, da hayar masu laifi. Bautar da ba da gangan ba a matsayin horo ga laifi ya kasance doka.
A lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka (1775-1783), an kafa matsayi bayi a matsayin kabilanci da ke da alaƙa da kakannin Afirka.[2] A lokacin da kuma nan da nan bayan juyin juya halin, an zartar da dokokin abolitionist a mafi yawan Jihohin Arewa kuma an ci gaba da yunkurin kawar da bautar. Matsayin bautar a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka (1789) shine batun da ya fi rikitarwa yayin rubuce-rubuce. Sashe na Uku da Biyar na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba jihohin bayi ikon siyasa mara daidaituwa, yayin da Sashe na Bawa mai Fugitive (Mataki na IV, Sashe na 2, Sashe na 3) ya ba da cewa, idan bawa ya tsere zuwa wata jiha, ɗayan jiha ba zai iya hana dawowar bawa ga mutumin da ke da'awar zama mai shi ba.[3] Dukkanin jihohin Arewa sun soke bautar zuwa wani mataki a 1805, wani lokacin tare da kammalawa a kwanan wata, kuma wani lokacin tare le matsayi na matsakaici na bautar da ba a biya ba.