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Bautar (dabba)

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Dabbobin da ke cikin kurkuku

  Kula da dabbobi shine tsare dabbobi gida da na daji.[1] Fiye da haka, dabbobin da mutane ke riƙe da su kuma an hana su tserewa an ce suna cikin bauta. Kalmar kama dabbobi galibi ana amfani da ita ga dabbobin daji da ake tsare da su a cikin tsare, amma ana iya amfani da wannan kalmar gabaɗaya don bayyana kiyaye dabbobi na gida kamar dabbobi ko dabbobi. Wannan na iya haɗawa, alal misali, dabbobi a cikin gonaki, gidaje masu zaman kansu, gidajen namun daji, akwatunan kifaye, akwatunan ruwa na jama'a da dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Za'a iya rarraba bautar dabbobi bisa ga takamaiman dalilai, manufofi, da yanayin tsare-tsare.

Humboldt penguin a gidan zoo na Copenhagen, Denmark
Kiwon dabbobi

A duk tarihin, dabbobin gida kamar dabbobi da dabbobi an tsare su a tsare kuma mutane ne ke kula da su. Koyaya, dabbobi da dabbobi ba su ne kawai dabbobi da za a tsare su ba kuma su sami kulawar mutum saboda dabbobin daji suna da wannan. Duk da gaskiyar cewa mutane sun kasance dabbobin daji dubban shekaru, wannan ba koyaushe ba ne ya zo kusa da wuraren da ake da su. Wasu sun kasance yunkurin zama gida. Bugu da ƙari, masu arziki, galibi aristocrats da sarakuna, sun tattara dabbobin daji saboda dalilai daban-daban. Masu arziki sun gina gidajen namun daji na farko a matsayin tarin kansu don nuna rinjaye da wadatarsu. Wadannan tarin dabbobi masu zaman kansu an san su da menageries. Sabanin domestication, an kiyaye tsananin hali da halayyar halitta na dabbobin daji kuma an nuna su. A yau, gidajen namun daji suna da'awar suna da wasu dalilai na kiyaye dabbobi a ƙarƙashin kulawar mutum: kiyayewa, ilimi da kimiyya.

Ɗaya daga cikin halaye marasa kyau shine halaye masu kama da juna, watau maimaitawa da kuma halayyar motsi mara ma'ana. Misalan halayen da ba a saba gani ba sun haɗa da tafiya, raunin kai, bin hanyar da kuma yin ado da kai. Wadannan halaye suna da alaƙa da damuwa da rashin motsawa.

Mutane da yawa da ke kula da dabbobi suna ƙoƙari su hana ko rage halayyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar gabatar da motsawa, tsarin da aka sani da wadatar muhalli. Manufofin wadatar muhalli shine yin mahalli mafi rikitarwa da ruwa, samar da matakai masu rikitarwa, da kuma ba da dabbobi damar yin yanke shawara. Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don samar da wadatar muhalli sun haɗa da zamantakewa, aiki, jiki, ji, da abinci mai gina jiki.[2]

Wani nau'in halayyar da ba daidai ba da aka nuna a cikin dabbobi masu kamawa shine halayyar cutar da kai (SIB). Halin raunin kai yana nuna duk wani aiki da ya haɗa da cinyewa, gogewa, bugawa, Cire gashi, ko yin ido wanda zai iya haifar da raunin kansa.[3] Kodayake abin da ya faru da shi ba shi da yawa, ana lura da halayyar cutar kai a cikin nau'o'in dabbobi masu yawa, musamman ma lokacin da suke fuskantar warewar jama'a a jariri.[4] Kashe kai ya haɗa da cinye jikin mutum - yawanci hannaye, kafafu, kafadu, ko al'aura. Cin zarafin barazana ya haɗa da cin zarafin jikin mutum - yawanci hannu, wuyan hannu, ko gaban hannu - yayin kallon mai kallo, takamaiman, ko madubi a cikin barazana. Kashe kai ya haɗa da buga kanka a kowane bangare na jiki. Yin amfani da ido wani hali ne (wanda aka lura da shi a cikin dabbobi masu kama da juna) wanda ke matse wuyan hannu ko yatsa a cikin sararin samaniya sama da ido. Cire gashi motsi ne da aka yi amfani da shi ga gashin mutum tare da hannaye ko hakora, don haka yana haifar da cire shi da yawa.[3]

The proximal causes of self-injurious behavior have been widely studied in captive primates; either social or nonsocial factors can trigger this type of behavior. Social factors include changes in group composition, stress, separation from the group, approaches by or aggression from members of other groups, conspecific male individuals nearby, separation from females, and removal from the group.[4] Social isolation, particularly disruptions of early mother-rearing experiences, is an important risk factor.[3] Studies have suggested that, although mother-reared rhesus macaques still exhibit some self-injurious behaviors,[5] nursery-reared rhesus macaques are much more likely to self-abuse than mother-reared ones.[3]

Abubuwan da ba na zamantakewa ba sun haɗa da kasancewar ƙaramin yanke, rauni ko mai banƙyama, yanayin sanyi, hulɗar mutum, da baƙi masu yawa na gidan zoo.[4] Misali, wani binciken ya nuna cewa yawan baƙi na gidan zoo yana da alaƙa da yawan gorillas da ke bugawa a kan shingen, kuma ƙarancin baƙi na zoo ya sa gorillas suyi aiki a hanyar da ta fi sauƙi. Dabbobi da aka kama sau da yawa ba za su iya guje wa kulawa da rushewar da jama'a suka haifar ba, kuma damuwa da ke haifar da wannan rashin kula da muhalli na iya haifar da karuwar halayen cutar da kai.[6]

Akwai binciken da ke nuna cewa yawancin halayen da ba daidai ba ne, gami da halayyar cutar da kai, ana iya magance su da nasara ta hanyar gidaje biyu. Gidaje biyu suna ba da dabba mai gida ɗaya a baya tare da abokin tarayya na jinsi ɗaya.[7] Wannan hanyar tana da tasiri sosai tare da primates, waɗanda aka sani da dabbobi na zamantakewa.[8] Abokan hulɗa da aka bayar ta hanyar gidaje biyu yana ƙarfafa hulɗar zamantakewa, don haka rage halayyar da ba ta dace ba da damuwa a cikin dabbobi da aka kama da kuma kara yawan motsi.[7]

Dalilin da ya sa aka sanya dabbobi a cikin bauta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana iya sanya dabbobin daji a cikin bauta don kiyayewa, karatu, cinikin dabbobi na waje, da noma.[1] Wuraren da aka kama da ke da alaƙa da AZA, (Association of Zoos and Aquariums), na iya riƙe dabbobi a matsayin hanyar ceton su daga halaka. Misali, AZA SAFE, (Save Animals From Extinction), yana inganta jin daɗi da kula da dabbobi, kiyayewa, da ƙarin horo don karewa da taimakawa dabbobin daji. Kungiyar tana mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar Shirye-shiryen farfadowa, hadin kai tsakanin ma'aikatan AZA, da ci gaban kiyayewa. Bugu da ƙari, AZA da zoos da aquariums da aka amince da su tare da AZA suna amfani da taimakon malamai, Likitocin dabbobi, da mutanen da ke yin bincike. Tare da taimakon su, gidajen namun daji da wuraren kifi suna iya samun abubuwan da suka dace da ake buƙata a cikin shirye-shiryen farfadowa don hana dabbobi daga ɓacewa.[2]

Kiger wild horse auction.

Kowace shekara, ana ba da izinin cewa dubban dabbobin daji sun ƙare a cikin bauta saboda cinikin dabbobi na daji. Wadannan dabbobi za a iya tsare su saboda yawan jama'arsu a cikin gidajen namun daji na gefen hanya. Ƙarin dalilai game da dalilin da ya sa dabbobi zasu iya ƙare a cikin bauta shine saboda an kama dabbobi daga asalin mazauninsu, sun fito ne daga Masu kiwon dabbobi, ko kuma sun fito ne Daga kasuwar baƙar fata. Lokacin da aka kama dabbobin daji kuma aka tsare su, to ana iya sayar da su a cikin shagunan dabbobi, tallace-tallace, ko kuma Yanar Gizo ta Duniya.[9]

Hoton zaki a cibiyar kiwo.

An san wuraren kiwon dabbobi a matsayin wurin da baƙi ke shigowa don ganin dabbobin daji.[10] Wannan yana nufin Gidajen namun daji na iya ajiye dabbobi a cikin tsare. Misali, gidajen namun daji na iya riƙe dabbobi a matsayin hanyar ceton su daga lalacewa. Fiye da haka, a cikin 2020 Ci gaban Kimiyya ya buga wani binciken inda suka kammala cewa aikin da yawan mutane sun shafi ci gaban dabbobi da ke ɓacewa a duniya. Rikicin dabbobin da ke ɓacewa ya sa gidajen namun daji su yi amfani da shirye-shiryen kiwo a kan dabbobi masu haɗari a kokarin samar da yawan jama'a. An ce gidajen namun daji suna da alhakin rage yawan dabbobi a cikin jerin jinsunan da ke cikin haɗari da kuma halaka.[11][12]

Za a iya saninsa da wuraren kiwon dabbobi a matsayin wurin da ake sanya dabbobi bayan an fitar da su daga mazauninsu na halitta. Lokacin da aka cire dabbobi daga mazauninsu na asali kuma aka kai su wurin da ba su saba da shi ba, to an ce dabbobi na iya fuskantar firgici da rashin lafiyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, wasu dabbobin daji sun mutu a cikin gidajen namun daji saboda firgici na sanya su a cikin wani wuri da ba a sani ba. Don zama mafi ƙayyadaddun, wannan na iya nufin cewa ɗaukar dabbobi daga mazauninsu na asali na iya rushe hanyar rayuwarsu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]

Jerin dabbobin daji a Amurka da aka saba gudanarwa a tsare

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Name of animal and classification[ana buƙatar hujja] Animal description Lifespan in the wild Lifespan in captivity Photo of animal
Alligators
  • reptile
 The American alligators are considered to be crocodilians. Alligators may grow longer than 12 feet and weigh around 1,000 pounds (454 kg). This creature may be found in the southeastern area of the United States.[13] More specifically, places such as Florida, Southern Virginia Border, Rio Grande (Texas), and west of the Gulf Coast. Alligators live in areas such as lakes, rivers, swamps, and wetlands. Furthermore, alligators' bodies are covered with scutes (scales) or osteoderms (bone skin)[14][15] 35–50 years 65–80 years[16]
Photo of the American alligator.
Bears
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Bears come in all different shapes and sizes due to where they live and how much food they have in their environment.[17] For example, the panda can weigh around 300 pounds (136 kg)[18] and the male polar bear can weigh from 550-1700 pounds (249 to 771 kg).[19] The range of bear heights can go from the panda who can be 4 feet tall[20] to the polar bear who can be up to 11 feet tall.[21] 20–30 years Around 40 years[22]
Photo that includes the bear subspecies.
Cougars
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Cougars are considered to be mountain lions or pumas. The cougars' appearance is said to look like a larger version of a cat. The adult male cougar may weigh 200 pounds (91 kg) and the adult female may weigh 120 pounds (54 kg).[23] The range of length for an adult cougar is said to be from 42 to 54 inches, including the tail that is 3 feet long.[24] Around 12 years Up to 20 years[25]
Photo of a cougar.
Chimpanzees
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Chimpanzees are said to be social animals and their habitat is in the forests of Central Africa.[26] In terms of appearance, chimpanzees have long black or brown hair that covers their body.[27] Additionally, chimpanzees can be 3 feet tall. The females may weigh from 70 to 100 pounds (32 to 45 kg) and the males may weigh from 90 to 120 pounds (41 to 54 kg). About 33 years[28] 31.7 years for males and 38.7 years for females [29]
Photo of a chimpanzee.
Lions
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Lions are considered to be muscular and have broad bodies. In terms of their appearance, male lions have a mane of hair that surrounds the neck area. Lions also tend to have a yellow to gold coat. Additionally, male lions tend to be 10 feet in length and weigh around 330 to 550 pounds (150 kg to 249 kg). On the other hand, female lions, also known as lionesses,[30] tend to be 9 feet in length and weigh between 265 and 395 pounds (120 kg to 179).[31][32] Moreover, lions can be found in continents such as Africa, Asia, and Europe. More specifically, lions live in places such as Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, India, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia.[33] 12 to 16 years Around 25 years[34]
Photo of Lion (right) and Lioness (left) together.
Ocelots
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Ocelots are medium-sized animals. They have golden brown to silver colored fur as well as brown and black spots. Also, ocelots have stripes that starts at the inner edges of their eyes. Without the tail, ocelots are 3 feet long and weigh about 30 pounds (14 kg). This animal can be found in Arizona, Southern Texas and Northern Argentina. Furthermore, ocelots are night time animals. This is because they rest during the day and hunt during the night.[35][36][37] About 12 years Around 20 years[38]
Photo of an ocelot in the zoo.
Servals
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Servals, a slender wild cat, has stripes and spots on its body. Serval can be small to medium-sized in length. To be more specific, this animal is approximately between 1 and 2 meters long. In terms of weight, Servals weigh around 20 to 40 pounds (9 to 19 kg).[39] This animal lives close to the savannas in the central and south area of Africa. More specifically, servals live where there are rivers and streams.[40] 10 to 12 years Up to 20 years and higher[41]
Photo of a serval.
Tigers
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Tigers have many subspecies and are known as one of the largest cats in the world. More specifically, Amur tigers are 10 feet long and weigh around 660 pounds (300 kg). In contrast, the Sumatran tigers, the smaller subspecies of tigers, are about 8 feet long and weigh around 310 pounds (141 kg). The female tigers for every subspecies are stated to be smaller in size and lighter in weight compared to the males. Furthermore, tigers may be found in South and Southeast Asia, Eastern Russia, and China.[42] 10 to 25 years Up to 20 years[43]
Photo of amur tigers (largest subspecies in tigers) in the zoo. In the image, there appears to be the mother tiger with one of her cubs.
Photo of sumatran tiger (smallest subspecies in tigers).
Wolves
  • mammalia (mammals)
 There are different subspecies of wolves such as grey, timer, or canines. In terms of looks, the grey wolves stated to look similar to the German shepherd. In terms of sizes, where they live impacts how big or small they are. For example, wolves in the north are considered to be bigger in contrast to the wolves in the south. Additionally, for length, wolves tend to be 3 to 5 feet long. Their tails often are one to two feet long in length. The male wolves can weight anywhere around 70 to 145 pounds (32 to 66 kg) and the female wolves can weigh anywhere from 60 to 100 pounds (27 to 45 kg). The gray wolf can be found in serval American states such as Alaska, North Idaho, North Michigan, North Wisconsin, Northeast Oregon, West Montana, and in Yellowstone park which is located in Wyoming.[44] Typically no more than 10 years[45] Up to 20 years[46]
Photo of the gray wolf.
Honey Badgers
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Mellivora capensis, commonly known as honey badgers, are considered small mammals that weigh from 11 to 35 pounds.[47] Mellivora Capensis have been observed to defend themselves against Leopards, Pythons, and Crocodiles. Honey Badgers can be found in dry areas, grasslands, and forests in Africa, Asia, and the Indian Subcontinent.[48] Honey Badgers are considered solitary mammals and have black and white fur with large sharp claws as distinctive features.[48] 7-8 years in the wild [49] Approximately 24 years (longest recorded 31 years)[49]
Photo of a Honey Badger within an enclosure at a zoo.
Giraffes
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Giraffes are the tallest land animals, native to Africa, known for their long necks, spotted coats, and graceful gait. They feed on leaves, primarily from acacia trees, using their long tongues and necks to reach high branches. Social and gentle, giraffes live in loose herds and are a keystone species in their ecosystems. Up to 25 years 20-27 years
photo of a giraffe
Meerkats
  • mammalia (mammals)
 Meerkats are small, social mammals native to southern Africa. They are known for their upright stance and cooperative behavior. Living in groups called mobs, they share tasks like foraging, babysitting, and watching for predators. These diurnal creatures primarily eat insects but also small animals and plants.[50] 15 years 20.6 years
photo of a meerkat

 

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Is that animal wild or domesticated? | World Animal Protection". www.worldanimalprotection.ca (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-25.
  2. ↑ "Environmental enrichment". www.ufaw.org.uk (in english). Archived from the original on 2022-10-26. Retrieved 2022-10-26.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. 1 2 3 4 Rommeck, Ina; Anderson, Kristen; Heagerty, Allison; Cameron, Ashley; McCowan, Brenda (2009). "Risk factors and remediation of self-injurious and self-abuse behavior in rhesus macaques". Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 12 (1): 61–72. doi:10.1080/10888700802536798. PMC 4443667. PMID 17209750.
  4. 1 2 3 Hosey, Geoff R.; Skyner, Lindsay J. (2007). "Self-injurious behavior in zoo primates". International Journal of Primatology. 28 (6): 1431–1437. doi:10.1007/s10764-007-9203-z. S2CID 29918666.
  5. ↑ Erwin, J.; Mitchell, G.; Maple, Terry (1973). "Abnormal behavior in non-isolate-reared rhesus monkeys". Psychological Reports. 33 (2): 515–523. doi:10.2466/pr0.1973.33.2.515. PMID 4202533. S2CID 21576022.
  6. ↑ Wells, Deborah L. (2005). "A note on the influence of visitors on the behavior and welfare of zoo-housed gorillas". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 93 (1–2): 13–17. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.06.019.
  7. 1 2 Baker, Kate C.; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Oettinger, Brooke; Neu, Kimberly; Griffis, Caroline; Schoof, Valérie; Maloney, Margaret (2012). "Benefits of pair housing are consistent across a diverse population of rhesus macaques". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 137 (3–4): 148–156. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.09.010. PMC 4307811. PMID 25635151.
  8. ↑ Weed, J.L.; Wagner, P.O.; Byrum, R.; Parrish, S.; Knezevich, M.; Powell, D.A. (2003). "Treatment of persistent self-injurious behavior in rhesus monkeys through socialization: A preliminary report". Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 42 (5): 21–23. PMID 14510519.
  9. ↑ "Captive Animals - Most states have no laws governing captive wild animals". Animal Legal Defense Fund (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  10. ↑ "zoo". education.nationalgeographic.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  11. ↑ Barrelet, Agnes (2021-06-24). "How Zoos Improve the Lives of Animals". Children's Nature Retreat (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  12. ↑ Society, National Geographic (2010-11-11). "Captive Breeding and Species Survival". National Geographic Society (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  13. ↑ "American Alligator". National Wildlife Federation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  14. ↑ "American Alligator - Alligator Mississippiensis - NatureWorks". nhpbs.org. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  15. ↑ "Osteoderm Fossils: More than Skin Deep | State Historical Society of North Dakota Blog". blog.statemuseum.nd.gov. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  16. ↑ "American Alligator | Stone Zoo". www.zoonewengland.org. Archived from the original on 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  17. ↑ "Bears of North America". Be Bear Aware Campaign (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  18. ↑ Schmidt, Amanda (10 June 2020). "Panda Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS". Nature (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  19. ↑ Schmidt, Amanda (9 December 2020). "Polar Bear Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS". Nature (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  20. ↑ Schmidt, Amanda (10 June 2020). "Panda Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS". Nature (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  21. ↑ dfg.webmaster@alaska.gov. "Polar Bear Species Profile, Alaska Department of Fish and Game". www.adfg.alaska.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  22. ↑ "How Long Do Brown Bears Live? Discover the Brown Bear Lifespan (with Photos) - WildlifeTrip". wildlifetrip.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  23. ↑ "Cougar Facts for Kids - NatureMapping". naturemappingfoundation.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  24. ↑ "Cougar Facts - NatureMapping". naturemappingfoundation.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  25. ↑ "Cougar: Key Facts". Forest Wildlife (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  26. ↑ "Chimpanzees | Species | WWF". World Wildlife Fund (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  27. ↑ "Chimpanzee | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants". animals.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  28. ↑ Cummings, Mike (2017-03-20). "Yale-led study: Wild chimpanzees have surprisingly long life spans". YaleNews (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  29. ↑ J.B (2013-03-08). "How long do chimpanzees live?". Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  30. ↑ "Meet the Lion Family - Male, Female & Cub". Alert (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  31. ↑ "Lion". Smithsonian's National Zoo (in Turanci). 2016-04-25. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  32. ↑ Schmidt, Amanda (3 September 2020). "Lion Fact Sheet | Blog | Nature | PBS". Nature (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  33. ↑ "10 Places Where Lions Live in the Wild (with Photos) - WildlifeTrip". wildlifetrip.org. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  34. ↑ Society, National Geographic (2011-09-21). "Big Cats in Captivity". National Geographic Society (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  35. ↑ "Natural history". www.biologicaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  36. ↑ "Ocelot - Leopardus pardalis - NatureWorks". nhpbs.org. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  37. ↑ "Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)". tpwd.texas.gov. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  38. ↑ Admin (2016-08-23). "Ocelot". Carolina Tiger Rescue (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  39. ↑ "Serval Facts and Information | SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment". seaworld.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  40. ↑ "Serval | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants". animals.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  41. ↑ Admin (2016-08-23). "Serval". Carolina Tiger Rescue (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  42. ↑ "Tiger". Smithsonian's National Zoo (in Turanci). 2016-04-25. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  43. ↑ "Tiger". Smithsonian's National Zoo (in Turanci). 2016-04-25. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  44. ↑ "Gray Wolf". National Wildlife Federation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  45. ↑ Mech, David (1988). "Longevity wild wolves" (PDF).
  46. ↑ "FAQ about wolves". IFAW (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  47. ↑ "Honey Badger (Mellivora Capensis)". A-Z-Animals. March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  48. 1 2 "Honey Badger (Ratel) | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants". animals.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  49. 1 2 "Honey badger (Mellivora capensis) longevity, ageing, and life history". genomics.senescence.info. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  50. ↑ "Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) longevity, ageing, and life history".
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