Bautar da bayi a cikin Comoros
 Bautar da bayi a cikin Comoros | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Slavery |
Bauta ta wanzu a cikin Comoros har zuwa shekara ta 1904. Comoros ta kasance 'yar kasuwa a cinikin bayi a tekun Indiya, inda aka yi safarar bayi daga gabar tekun Swahili na Gabashin Afirka zuwa tekun Indiya zuwa Oman a yankin Larabawa, kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan kasuwan da suka yi ciniki tare da cinikin bayi na Zanzibar.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi la'akari da cewa bautar ta wanzu a cikin Comoros idan dai an rubuta tarihin tsibirin, kuma mai yiwuwa cinikin bayi na Larabawa ya gabatar da shi.
Kasuwancin bayi na Comoros
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan shekarun 1820, cinikin bayi na Comoros ya faɗaɗa zuwa wani babban yanki na cinikin bayi a tekun Indiya, wanda ya kasance mai riba sosai kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kuɗaɗen shiga ga tsibiran har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 19.
Bayin Larabawa, yawanci ana hayar su ne ko kuma wani ɓangare na kasuwanci, tare da ma'aikatan Larabawa da Swaihili, wani ɓangare ko cikakken bautar, wanda aka raba ribar tsakanin mai shi, da kyaftin da ma'aikatan jirgin (ma'aikatan jirgin da aka bautar sai sun ba da rabin albashinsu ga bawa).[1]
Tare da Zanzibar, Comoros sun fitar da bayi zuwa Oman a yankin Larabawa.[2]
Comoros ta zama tsakiyar dakatar da cinikin bayi tsakanin bakin tekun Swahili na Gabashin Afirka zuwa Faransa lokacin da aka kawar da bautar a kan Réunion kuma aka maye gurbinsu da tsarin shiga-tsarin aiki (1848-1864), lokacin da aka tura bayi zuwa Comoros, sannan daga Comoros zuwa Réunion a matsayin ma'aikatan 'yanci.[3] Comoros sun sayi bayi daga Portuguese Mozambique ko Larabawa 'yan kasuwa bayi na Swahili Coast, irin su Zanzibar cinikin bayi, Ouitangonha, Angoche ko Kilwa, wanda ya fitar da yawa bayin makua zuwa Comoros.[4] A kan Comoros, an ajiye bayi na ƙasar na tsawon shekara guda, bayan haka an fitar da su zuwa Réunion, a hukumance a matsayin ma'aikaci mai 'yanci daga Comoros.[5]
Comoros kuma sun fitar da bayi zuwa Madagascar har zuwa aƙalla shekarun 1860.[6]
Don gujewa Rundunar Tsaron Bautar Biritaniya a Tekun Indiya, jiragen bayi daga Zanzibar da kuma na Comoros sun yi amfani da takardun ƙarya daga Mayotte na Faransa a Comoros don ba da wata hanya ta ƙarya don balaguron da kuma guje wa ƙwace daga Birtaniyya.[7]
Kasuwar bayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin ƙarni na 16, Comoros ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa na jiragen ruwa na Turai (Portuguese da Dutch), waɗanda suka kafa don siyan kayan abinci a kan hanyarsu tsakanin Madagascar da Indiya, kuma don biyan buƙatun cinikin abinci, Comoros sun samar da ƙarin abinci ta hanyar aikin bayi da aka shigo da su daga Madagascar da Mozambique na Portugal.
A lokacin babban cinikin bayi na Comoros na ƙarni na 19, bautar da aka riga ta kasance akan Comoros ta faɗaɗa zuwa manyan rabbai, har zuwa kashi 40 na al'ummar ƙasar sun kasance bayi a cikin shekarar 1860s.[8]
Bayin sun zauna a wuraren bauta a garuruwan dutse, da ƙauyukan bayi a karkara. An horar da bayi maza su zama masu sana'a don kula da biranen dutse da masu aikin noma, kuma an yi amfani da bayi mata a matsayin bayi ko ƙwaraƙwara (bayin jima'i).[9]
Rushewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Comoros ta zama mamaya na Faransa a cikin shekarar 1841 amma ba mulkin mallaka na Faransa ba ne don haka ba a bin dokokin Faransa ba, wanda ke nufin ba a kawar da bauta ta kai tsaye ba lokacin da Faransa ta soke bautar a shekarar 1848.[10] Banda shi ne tsibirin Mayotte, wanda ya zama mulkin mallaka na Faransa kuma an kawar da bautar a cikin shekarar 1840s.
A ƙarshe an kawar da bauta a shekarar 1904.[11] Duk da haka, tsoffin bayi sun ci gaba da zama a cikin gidajensu na dā, kuma sun ci gaba da yin aiki da ayyuka iri ɗaya ga mutane ɗaya kuma a aikace sun ci gaba da rayuwa kamar yadda suka yi a lokacin bauta a ƙarshen shekarun 1970.[12]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Red Sea slave trade
- Indian Ocean slave trade
- History of slavery in the Muslim world
- History of concubinage in the Muslim world
- Human trafficking in the Middle East
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 80
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.
- ↑ Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press.