Bayahude-Esfahani

Bayahude-Esfahani
Dangin harshen	Indo-European (en) ; Indo-Iranian (en) ; Iranian languages; Western Iranian (en) ; Bayahude-Esfahani; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	jude1276

Judeo-Esfahani, wanda kuma ake kira Judeo-Isfahani, na ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Judeo da -Iranian. Ya samo asali ne a Isfahan, Iran, kuma ana amfani dashi a yau a Isra'ila da Amurka. A cikin 2023 akwai kimanin 2,000-7,000 masu magana da Judeo-Esfahani, idan aka kwatanta da 100,000 a cikin 1900.

Masouda yana magana da Yahudanci-Esfahani

Tarihi

Judeo-Esfahani wani bangare ne na lardin (Velayati) na yarukan Yahudawa-Median, ko yaruka daga reshen Arewa maso Yammacin Iran. Kamar sauran yarukan Yahudawa na Iran, an sanya sunan Esfahani ne saboda birninta, Isfahan . Saboda haka, Esfahani shine harshen Yahudawa na Isfahan, kuma ana magana da shi da farko a yankin Jubāre, inda Yahudawa da yawa ke zaune.

Abubuwa da yawa na yarukan Yahudanci-Iranian na musamman ne ga yankunansu, suna ba da gudummawa ga rashin fahimtar juna tsakanin waɗannan harsuna. Har ma akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin juzu'in Judeo-Esfahani a garuruwan makwabta; yaren da ake magana a Jubāre ya bambanta da na Dardašt, yankin da ke da karamin al'ummar Yahudawa. Wannan bambancin mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga hulɗar harshe daga yaren da ba na Yahudawa ba.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

A yau, yawancin Yahudawa na Isfahani suna zaune a New York fiye da Iran ko Isra'ila. Jama'a sun taru a kusa da Long Island, inda wasu Yahudawa na Farisa suka yi hijira. Koyaya, Farisa ita ce mafi yawan harshe, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin manema labarai da majami'u. Judeo-Esfahani galibi an iyakance shi ga amfani da gida, musamman idan iyaye biyu Isfahani ne, kodayake yara gabaɗaya suna iya amfani da Farisa don sadarwa.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Kalmomin kalmomi

Esfahani sau da yawa ya bambanta da wasu yaruka a cikin ƙamus.

Turanci	Esfahani	Bayahude da Shirazi	Yazdi
Babba	kyakkyawa	Gunda	amma, Gondola
Katin	meli	gorba	gorbo

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

Babu wani daga cikin harsunan Yahudanci da ke da tsari mai mahimmanci. Koyaya, masu magana na zamani sun rubuta matani a cikin Judeo-Esfahani ta amfani da tsarin rubutun Ibrananci ko Farisa.

Littattafai guda ɗaya a cikin Judeo-Isfahani sune al'adun gargajiya. Sirhi, ko waƙoƙin jama'a, sun ƙunshi wani ɓangare na wannan.^[2]

Fasahar sauti

Tsarin syllabic na Judeo-Esfahani shine (C) V (C). Ƙungiyoyin ƙamus bazai bayyana a farkon ba, kuma kodayake an yarda da su a cikin coda, ana guje musu. Harshen yana ba da izini har zuwa kuma aƙalla ƙungiyoyi biyar, kamar a cikin: baynš.tâ [ˈbæɲʃ.tɑ] 'biyar (ɗaya). "^[2]

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Judeo-Esfahani ba shi da fahimtar juna tare da sauran yarukan Yahudawa na Iran. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan wannan shine furta. Yahudawa na Esfahani suna furta ma'auni /s/ da /z/ a matsayin /θ/ da /δ/. Wasu masu magana da Judeo-Shirazi da Kashani suma suna bin waɗannan ka'idojin furtawa. Wannan canjin furcin alama ce ta Judeo-Esfahani; yana wakiltar hulɗar harshe tare da mutanen Esfahan da ba Yahudawa ba waɗanda ke magana da Farisa kawai da kuma karɓar bashi daga yarensu.

Akwai wasu lokuta da za a lura game da consonants:

Hanyoyin pharyngeal suna cikin Judeo-Esfahani, amma ba a cikin duk masu magana ba. Tsayar da pharyngeal yana faruwa a cikin kalmomi tare da asalin Semitic, alal misali.
Pharyngeal ḥ [ħ] allophone ne na /h/ kuma galibi yana faruwa a cikin kalmomin aro daga Arabaic da Ibrananci. Hakanan yana iya kasancewa a cikin kalmomin asali ga Judeo-Esfahani, kodayake da wuya, a lokuta kamar perḥan 'shirt'.
Kamar a Farisa, q da ġ sun ƙunshi sautin uvular guda ɗaya tare da allophones guda uku ([q], [[[[[[[[]], [ʁ]).
Intervocalic /v/ ke tsakanin [v], [β], da [ʋ].
Saboda muryar š kusa da d, /ž/ [ʒ] na iya bayyana ne kawai a cikin jerin [ʒd].^[2]

Sautin sautin

Tsawon sautin a cikin Judeo-Esfahani ya zama ruwan dare, kuma samfurin dalilai daban-daban ne, kamar su elision diachronic, elision synchronic, da kuma haɗuwa da sautin geminate da aka kirkira a iyakokin morpheme.Tsawon sautin ya zama ruwan dare a cikin maganganun da suka gabata, tare da /â/ da /a/ ko /e/ zama /aa/ ko /aː/. Hakanan ana ganin tsawo mai zurfi, amma babu wani dalili na ma'ana ko ma'anar da ke nuna wannan. Rarraba wannan nau'in tsawo yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike.^[2]

Diphthongs

Dukkanin diphthongs a cikin Judeo-Esfahani samfur ne na lenition. Wasu takamaiman dokoki ma suna aiki. diphthong ya lalace bayan ƙira, wanda aka gani a cikin ov-e lop [o.ve.lop] 'saliva. " Bugu da ƙari, diphthong [eu] ya fashe idan ya biyo bayan wasali, kamar a šav-e dišabbât, 'Ranar Lahadi. " ^[2][ou]

Damuwa

Sunayen a cikin Judeo-Esfahani suna ɗauke da damuwa ta ƙarshe ta hanyar tsoho. Akwai, duk da haka, banbanci: saitin kalmomi ba su dace da doka ba. Wannan saiti ya haɗa da ágar, 'idan", ámmâ, 'Amma', da Xeyli, 'da yawa. " Tsarin ya fi rikitarwa a cikin aikatau. Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin, daga Borjian, ^[2] wanda morpheme (s) ko syllable (s) ke karɓar damuwa:

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bayahude-Esfahani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Borjian, Habib (2019). "Judeo-Isfahani: The Iranian Language of the Jews of Isfahan". Journal of Jewish Languages. 7: 121–189. doi:10.1163/22134638-07021151. S2CID 214430375. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "The Iranian Language of the Jews of Isfahan" defined multiple times with different content

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bayahude-Esfahani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[The_Iranian_Language_of_the_Jews_of_Isfahan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Borjian, Habib (2019). "Judeo-Isfahani: The Iranian Language of the Jews of Isfahan". Journal of Jewish Languages. 7: 121–189. doi:10.1163/22134638-07021151. S2CID 214430375. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "The Iranian Language of the Jews of Isfahan" defined multiple times with different content

[1]

[2]