Beatrice Mtetwa

Beatrice Mtetwa
Mtetwa in 2014
Haihuwa	Samfuri:Birth year and age
Aiki	Lawyer
Shahara akan	Human rights work
Lamban girma	International Press Freedom Award (2005) Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize (2009)

Beatrice Mtetwa (an haife ta a shekarar 1957) lauya ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ta samu karɓuwa a duniya saboda kare ‘yan jarida da kuma fafutukar tabbatar da ‘yancin aikin jarida.. Jaridar New York Times ta bayyana ta a shekarar 2008 a matsayin "babban lauyan kare hakkin dan adam na Zimbabwe".

Ayyukan shari'a

An haife ta ne a Swaziland, Mtetwa ta samu digirin LLB ɗinta daga Jami’ar Botswana da Swaziland a shekarar 1981, sannan ta shafe shekaru biyu masu zuwa tana aiki a matsayin lauya mai gabatar da ƙara a ƙasar Swaziland. A shekara ta 1983, ta koma Zimbabwe, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara har zuwa shekara ta 1989. A wannan shekarar, ta shiga aikin sirri, kuma nan da nan ta fara ƙwarewa a cikin dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam. A daya daga cikin sanannun shari'o'in da ta fi sani, ta samu nasarar kalubalantar wani sashi na Dokar Kungiyoyin Sa kai na Zimbabwe wanda ya ba ministan gwamnati ikon rushewa ko maye gurbin mambobin kwamitin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Ta kuma kalubalanci sakamakon gundumomi 37 a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2000. A cikin wani shirin PBS, Mtetwa ta bayyana dalilin da ta yi na gwagwarmayarta a matsayin "ba saboda akwai ɗaukaka ko tsabar kudi a ciki ba kuma ba saboda ina ƙoƙarin tsayayya da gwamnati ba... Ina yin hakan saboda aikin da ya kamata a yi".

An san Mtetwa musamman saboda kare 'yan jarida da aka kama, na cikin gida da na duniya. A shekara ta 2003, alal misali, ta lashe umarnin kotu wanda ya hana korar mai ba da rahoto na Guardian Andrew Meldrum, ta gabatar da shi ga jami'Mai Tsaro a Filin jirgin saman Harare Minti kaɗan kafin a shirya jirgin Meldrum ya tashi. Ta kuma sami 'yanci ga' yan jarida da aka tsare Toby Harnden da Julian Simmonds daga London's Sunday Telegraph, waɗanda aka kama yayin da suke ɗaukar hoto game da zaben majalisar Afrilu kan zargin aiki ba tare da izinin gwamnati ba. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, ta sami sakin mai ba da rahoto na New York Times Barry Bearak, wanda aka daure shi a kan irin wannan zargi. Ta kuma kare 'yan jarida da yawa da aka kama a lokacin da aka fara zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2008. Mtetwa kuma darektan ne wanda ke zaune a kan kwamitin Econet .

Mtetwa da Tawanda Nyambirai sun kafa Mtetwa & Nyambirai Legal Practitioners a cikin 2006 kuma sun kafa kanta a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin lauyoyi na Zimbabwe. Tarihin Mtetwa & Nyambirai yana cike da manyan shari'o'i a fannoni da yawa na doka. Tare da Econet Wireless's mafi girman kamfanin sadarwa a Zimbabwe kasancewa kamfanonin da suka fi shahara abokan ciniki, sunan Econet ya bayyana a yawancin waɗannan batutuwan. Wadannan sun hada da shari'o'i kamar su Econet Wireless v Trustco Mobile, da Derdale v Econet Wir Wireless wanda yanzu shine shari'ar da ta dace a kan ikon Babban Kotun a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Zimbabwe na 2013.

Kamfanin Mtetwa ya shiga cikin manyan shari'o'in kare hakkin dan adam kuma, Musamman, ya taimaka wajen dawo da mai fafutuka Jestina Mukoko - wanda aka tsare shi ba tare da sadarwa ba kuma aka azabtar da shi kusan wata daya a cikin 2008. Mtetwa daga baya ta kula da jerin shari'o'in da suka biyo baya, gami da tabbatar da dakatar da gurfanar da Mukoko da kuma kai karar masu garkuwa da ita don lalacewar kansu. A cikin shekaru, Mtetwa da Nyambirai sun girma sun zama cikakken kamfanin lauya tare da ikon kula da al'amuran da suka shafi dukkan fannoni na dokar Zimbabwe.

Kurkuku, hare-hare da barazanar

A shekara ta 2003, an kama Mtetwa kan zargin tuki cikin maye. A ofishin 'yan sanda, an ruwaito cewa an yi mata duka kuma an gurgunta ta kafin a sake ta bayan sa'o'i uku ba tare da tuhuma ba. Ko da yake ba ta iya magana na kwana biyu bayan harin ba, ta dawo a rana ta uku tare da fayil ɗin shaidar likita don gabatar da tuhuma a kan jami'an 'yan sanda da suka kai mata hari. Jami'an 'yan sanda sun sake kai hari kan Mtetwa a shekara ta 2007, inda suka doke ta da abokan aiki uku da sandunan roba yayin wani yunkuri na nuna rashin amincewa da cin zarafin lauyoyin Zimbabwe.

A wata hira da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida, Mtetwa ta bayyana yadda take hana hare-haren da za su iya kaiwa:

"Ina tsammanin ina fuskantar haɗarin nan da nan kafin ya faru. Kullum ina tabbatar da cewa idan, alal misali, an kira ni a tsakiyar dare zuwa wani yanayi wanda zai iya zama haɗari, ina tabbatar da leswaku akwai masu aikin watsa labarai da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, musamman don yin rikodin abin da zai faru a can. Kuma a cikin hasken kyamarori ina ganin cewa mutane ba sa so su yi abin da za su yi. Don haka a hanyoyi da yawa ina tsammanin na sami sa'a, kuma ban sami masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ba, ko kuma ba. "

A ranar 17 ga Maris 2013, an kama Mtetwa yayin da take gudanar da aikinta na ƙwararriyar lauya. Tana taimaka wa wani abokin cinikinta ne wanda ‘yan sanda suka kai wa samame a gidansa domin bincike.

An kama Mtetwa ne bayan ta nemi a nuna mata sahihin sammacin bincike da kuma jerin kayayyakin da tuni aka kwashe daga gidan. An kuma ƙwace wayarta ta hannu, wadda take ɗauke da saƙonnin sirri tsakanin lauya da wanda take karewa.

An tuhume ta da hana ko kuma kawo cikas ga gudanar da adalci ƙarƙashin dokar Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act, sashe na 184(1)(g).

'Yan sanda na Zimbabwe sun kalubalanci hukuncin kotun gaggawa da ya ba da umarnin sakin Mtetwa kuma sun ci gaba da riƙe ta kan zargin hana adalci. Bayan fiye da mako guda a kurkuku, an saki Mtetwa a ranar Litinin 25 ga Maris 2013 bayan wani babban alƙali na kotun ya soke hukuncin da kotun ta yanke cewa za a tsare ta ba tare da beli ba a kan zargin hana adalci.

A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2013, Alkalin R Bloody Mugwagwa ya ce Mtetwa ba shi da wata shari'a da zai amsa. Mai shari'a Mugwagwa ya gano cewa babu wata shaida da za ta nuna cewa Mtetwa ya sa 'yan sanda su kasa yin ayyukansu.

Sanarwar kasa da kasa

A shekara ta 2005, ta lashe lambar yabo ta 'yancin' yan jarida ta kasa da kasa ta kwamitin kare 'yan jarida. Bayanan lambar yabo ya bayyana cewa "a cikin ƙasa inda ake amfani da doka a matsayin makami a kan 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu, Mtetwa ta kare' yan jarida kuma ta yi jayayya da' yancin yada labarai, duk suna cikin babban haɗari. " Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Burton Benjamin Memorial Award for Lifetime Achievement a shekara ta 2008.

An kuma sami kyaututtuka da yawa daga kungiyoyin shari'a. A shekara ta 2009, Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize ("Lambar da lauyoyi suka ba lauya"), wanda aka tanada a kowace shekara ga lauya wanda a duk lokacin da yake aiki ya kwatanta, ta hanyar aiki ko wahala, kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Mtetwa ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta 2010 ta American Bar Association . A shekara ta 2011, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Inamori Ethics Prize daga Jami'ar Case Western Reserve a Amurka. A shekara ta 2014, ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Mata ta Duniya ta Ƙarfin Ƙarfin .

Jami'ar St. Francis Xavier Archived 2004-06-21 at the Wayback Machine, da ke Nova Scotia, Kanada, ita ce jami'a ta farko da ta yi bikin nasarorin da Mtetwa ta samu ta hanyar gabatar da ita da digiri na girmamawa a watan Mayu 2013.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, Jami'ar Bath a Ingila ta ba Mtetwa lambar yabo ta Doctor of Laws (LLD) don nuna godiya ga aikinta.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016, Jami'ar Rhodes a Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Mtetwa lambar yabo ta Doctor of Laws (LLD) don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ta samu wajen ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Zimbabwe.