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Belgian ta nemi gafara ga Kongo

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Belgian ta nemi gafara ga Kongo
apology (en) Fassara
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Fuskar Belgium–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations (en) Fassara, Belgium–Burundi relations (en) Fassara da Belgium–Rwanda relations (en) Fassara

Uzurin Beljiyam ga Kongo shine batun muhawarar al'umma a Beljiyam game da nuna uzuri game da rawar da kasar ta taka a cikin ta'asar da aka yi a cikin 'Yancin Kwango (ko Jamhuriyar Kwango mai 'yancin kai) da Kongo Belgian tsakanin 1885 zuwa 1960, da kuma mulkin mallaka na Ruanda-Urundi (1924-1919).

A karni na 21, hukumomi da wakilai da dama na gwamnatin Belgium sun nemi afuwar wasu bangarori na mulkin mallaka na Belgium a kasashen Kongo, Ruwanda da Burundi, musamman tun daga shekarar 2018. Ana ci gaba da tattaunawa kan irin uzurin da lamarin zai dace da wanda ya kamata ya bayyana, ko kuma a wasu lokuta ba zai zama dole ba. Bugu da ƙari, an tattauna yadda za a fi dacewa da kayan mulkin mallaka da kuma abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba, ciki har da mutum-mutumi, sunayen tituna, da kuma tsarin gidajen tarihi.

Muhawara ta siyasa

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Zaluntar wani dan Kwango.
Misali na sanannen yanke hannu a cikin Jihar 'Yancin Kwango.

A cikin jawabin jama'a na Belgium, Sarkin Leopold na biyu na Belgium (r. 1865-1909), wanda ya mulki Kongo Free State a matsayin mallakarsa na kashin kansa daga 1885 zuwa 1908, gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar nauyin farko na ta'asar da aka yi a can a wancan lokacin mulkin mallaka. A farkon karni na 21, ana lalata mutum-mutumin Leopold II akai-akai saboda wannan dalili. Misali, mutum-mutumin Leopold da ke dandalin Al'arshi a Brussels an yi masa tabo sau da yawa da fenti.

2018

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A cikin watan Yunin 2018, bayan shafe shekaru ana tattaunawa, a karon farko a Belgium an sanya wa wani fili sunan Patrice Lumumba, wanda aka fi sani da wanda ya sami ‘yancin kai na Kongo (30 Yuni 1960), amma an kashe shi a watan Janairu 1961 bisa umarnin gwamnatin Belgium. Masu fafutuka tun da farko sun ba da shawarar sanya sunan babban filin da ba shi da suna bayan Lumumba a cikin gundumar Ixelles/Elsene da ke makwabtaka da shi, amma a cikin 2016 magajin garin Dominique Dufourny (MR) ya yi watsi da wannan shawarar. [1]

A watan Agustan 2018, wani lamari ya faru a bikin Pukkellop, inda wasu mahalarta suka rera wakokin wariyar launin fata na mulkin mallaka. 'Yan siyasa sun yi tir da lamarin. Ofishin mai gabatar da kara na tarayya ya umurci mawakan da su ziyarci wurin tunawa da Kazerne Dossin, Cibiyar adana kayan tarihi da kuma Documentation Center kan Holocaust da ‘Yancin Bil Adama da ke sansanin wucewa na Mechelen don samun ilimi na tilas.

Bayan zaben kananan hukumomi na Belgium na 14 Oktoba 2018, Pierre Kompany ( cdH ) ya zama magajin gari na farko baƙar fata a Belgium, wato a cikin gundumar Brussels na Ganshoren . A cikin shirin muhawarar talabijin na C'est pas tous les jours dimanche a RTL-TVI, Kompany (wanda aka haifa a Kongo Belgian ) ya yi kira ga 'yan siyasa da su nuna uzuri ga Kongo da sunan Belgium. A cikin wannan nunin, Wakilin Richard Miller ( MR ) ya ce ya fi son bayyana uzuri "a cikin sunan kansa".

Daga Nuwamba 2018 zuwa Janairu 2019, Canvas ya watsa shirye-shiryen shirin Kinderen van de kolonie ( Yaran Mulkin Mallaka ), wanda ya tada muhawarar jama'a tun ma kafin sakin na farko ya fito. A cewar masana, wannan shi ne fim na farko da aka gabatar da al'ummar Belgian da hotuna da faifan bidiyo daga Kongo 'ba tare da duba ta fuskar farfagandar mulkin mallaka ba.

2019

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Bayan da kwamitin kwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai suna "Kwawara kan Al'ummar Afirka" ya buga wani rahoto a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2019 wanda ya nuna cewa uzuri ga mulkin mallaka na baya zai dace, 'yan siyasa da dama sun nuna niyyar shiga muhawara game da batun.

Firayim Minista Charles Michel ( MR ) ya ce ya sami rahoton "bakon abu ne". Komawa cikin 2010, mahaifinsa Louis Michel har yanzu yana kwatanta Leopold II a matsayin "jarumi mai kishi ga karamar ƙasa kamar Belgium". Hakazalika, ministan raya kasa Alexander De Croo ( Open Vld ) ya gano sukar da masana suka yi kan gidan kayan tarihi na Afirka da aka gyara a matsayin abin ban mamaki.

'Yar majalisar dokokin Flemish Sabine de Bethune ( CD&V ), da kanta haifaffen Kinshasa (sai Léopoldville/Leopoldstad ) a cikin Belgian Kongo, ta gabatar da wani kuduri a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu don kaddamar da bincike na tarihi game da kisan gillar da dan mulkin mallaka na Belgian ya yi a Kongo bayan zaben Tarayyar Belgium na 26 ga Mayu 2019 . Jam'iyyun adawa Groen, Ecolo da kuma sp.a sun dade suna kira ga irin wannan binciken. Jam'iyyar gwamnati Open Vld ta bayyana cewa tana son yin la'akari da neman gafara bayan zaben 26 ga Mayu 2019. A cikin shirin muhawara na Eén De Zevende Dag, shugaban N-VA Bart De Wever ya yi jayayya da goyon bayan "gafarar tarihi", yana nuna cewa ya kamata a "duba shugaban kasa" don bayyana shi, saboda alakar da ke tsakanin Kongo da Leopold II.

Bishop na Katolika na Kongo Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da Terzake na Maris 2019 cewa akwai "masu mahimmanci" a cikin Kongo a yau fiye da gafarar mulkin mallaka, "kamar ci gaban kasa", in ji shi. Ya nuna damuwarsa cewa, idan aka nemi afuwar mulkin mallaka, "za a bude wasu takardu", kuma mutane za su yi nisa sosai.

A watan Afrilun shekarar 2019, an gudanar da kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a tsakanin mazauna Flanders kan yuwuwar neman gafarar Kongo. An yi hakan ne a lokacin wani zaɓe na VRT, RTBF, De Standaard da La Libre Belgique game da aniyar jefa ƙuri'a na mutane a zaben 26 ga Mayu 2019. An bukaci mahalarta taron da su yi tsokaci game da wannan sanarwa mai zuwa: "Ya kamata Belgium ta nemi afuwar Kongo a hukumance kan laifukan da ta aikata a lokacin mulkin mallaka." 51% na masu amsa sun yarda, 32% basu yarda ba.

2020

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Bayan zanga-zangar George Floyd a watan Mayun 2020, an sake yin muhawara kan wariyar launin fata da wariya a Belgium, kuma tambayar yiwuwar neman afuwar Kongo ta sake kunno kai. An sake lalata wasu mutum-mutumi na Leopold II, da kuma mutum-mutumi na Leopold II na Belgium, Ekeren ya lalace sosai har aka cire shi. A cikin watan Yuni 2020, wannan sabunta hankali ya jagoranci Shugaban Chamber Patrick Dewael ya ba da shawarar samar da "kwamitin sulhu" a cikin Majalisar Wakilai, wanda zai yi bincike kan yadda za a magance mafi kyawun mulkin mallaka a baya, da yuwuwar neman afuwa ga Kongo. A lokaci guda, shugabannin jam'iyyar irin su Joachim Coens (CD&V) da Conner Rousseau (sp.a) sun yi magana game da neman afuwar, inda Coens ya bayyana a fili ga Sarki Philip da gwamnatin tarayya kan wannan aiki.

2024

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A cikin Disamba 2024, Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Brussels ta sami Beljiyam da alhakin laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama saboda yadda take kula da yara Métis (gaurayawan kabilanci), tare da ba da umarnin biyan diyya ga matan Métis biyar da suka shigar da kara a jihar.

Ayyuka da aka kammala

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Neman gafara ga dangin Lumumba

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Patrice Lumumba a Brussels a 1960.

A farkon shekarun 2000, wani kwamiti na majalisar dokokin Belgium ya gudanar da bincike kan cikakken yanayin da aka kashe Patrice Lumumba a 1961, wanda shi ne Firayim Minista na farko na Jamhuriyar Congo ta Farko, da kuma tantance ko wasu 'yan siyasan Belgium sun taka rawa. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2001, kwamitin ya fitar da rahotonsa.[2] Rahoton ya nuna cewa ko da yake babu wata shaida kai tsaye da ke nuna gwamnatin Belgium ta da hannu, tana da "alhakin ɗabi'a" kan halin da ya kai ga kashe Lumumba. Shugaban kwamitin Geert Versnick ya bukaci gwamnati ta ba da gafara ga dangin Lumumba, sannan jam’iyyun Agalev da Ecolo suka bukaci a biya diyya don al’ummar Congo.[3] A shekarar 2002, Firayim Minista Guy Verhofstadt (VLD) ya nemi afuwa a madadin Belgium bisa halin da kasar ta taka wajen kashe Lumumba.[4] Ministan Harkokin Waje Louis Michel (MR) ya karanta jawabi a gaban Majalisar Wakilai a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2002, inda ya nemi gafara a madadin gwamnatin Belgium ga dangin Lumumba, Mpolo da Okito, da kuma jama'ar Congo. Ko da yake Michel bai yi amfani da kalmar "alhakin ɗabi'a" ba, ya ce wasu daga cikin 'yan majalisar da Belgians sun da hannu a cikin abubuwan da suka kai ga mutuwar Lumumba.[5]

Filin Patrice Lumumba

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A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2018, magajin garin Brussels Philippe Close (PS) ya bude Filin Patrice Lumumba a cikin birnin Brussels bayan majalisar gari ta amince da canza sunan a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2018.[1][6]

Akwai irin wannan bukata a wasu garuruwa na kasar. A watan Janairu 2019, gwamnatin birnin Ghent ta bayyana cewa tana son girmama Lumumba da suna a titi ko fili. A baya, wasu masu fafutuka sun sauya sunan Titin Leopold II zuwa 'Titun Patrice Lumumba'.[7] A Janairu 2021, gwamnatin Ghent ta sanar da cewa za a canza sunan Titin Leopold II cikin shekara guda, kuma sunan Patrice Lumumba yana kan gaba daga jerin sunayen da za a iya amfani da su, ko da yake har yanzu ba a tabbatar ba ko za a sa masa wannan sunan.[8]

AfricaMuseum

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Ziyarar Sarki Philip na Belgium zuwa sabunta gidan tarihin Royal Museum for Central Africa (AfricaMuseum) da aka shirya a watan Disamba 2018 an soke ta, kamar yadda 'yan jarida suka ce, saboda muhawara da ke gudana, kuma Sarki ya so ya kasance tsaka-tsaki.[9][10][11][12]

An kafa AfricaMuseum tun a farkon karni na 20 ta hannun Sarki Leopold II, wanda a lokacin shine mallakin Congo Free State.[12] Gidan tarihin ya samo asali ne daga wani baje kolin mallaka a cikin Brussels International Exposition (1897).[13] Saboda yawan jama'ar da suka ziyarce shi, aka mayar da shi na dindindin a 1904, aka gama gini a 1910.[14] A farkon bayyanar da aka fara, akwai wani sashi da ake kira "gidan namun daji na mutane", inda Leopold II ya kawo Congolese 200 zuwa Belgium don nuna rayuwarsu. Daga cikin su, 7 sun mutu. A lokacin bude sabon gidan tarihin a 2018, an sanya alamar tunawa da su.[13]

Neman gafara ga 'ya'yan jini biyu

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Daga 1959 zuwa 1962, a lokacin da Belgian Congo da Ruanda-Urundi suka sami ‘yanci, kusan yara 1,000 da suka fito daga iyayen Belgium da mata Congolese an kwashe su zuwa Belgium, an raba su da iyayensu. Mafi yawansu ba su da takardu kuma an ajiye su a gidan marayu da makarantu na Katolika. A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2019, Firayim Minista Charles Michel ya nemi afuwa a madadin Belgium.[15]

Kafin hakan, shugaban majalisa Siegfried Bracke (N-VA) ya yi bayani kan tarihin wannan lamari, da kuma cewa wannan gafarar ta samo asali ne daga wasu kudurori da majalisa ta amince da su a Flanders, Senate, da Majalisar Wakilai.[16] Bayan haka ne Charles Michel ya yi jawabin da aka karɓa da tafi, ciki har da daga ‘yan majalisa da wasu yaran jini biyu da suka halarta.[15]

Nadamar Sarkin Belgium ga Shugaban Congo

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A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2020, yayin bikin shekaru 60 da samun ‘yancin kai na Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo, Sarki Philip ya rubuta wasika ga Shugaba Félix Tshisekedi. A ciki, ya ce: "Wannan tarihi yana da abubuwan kirki da kuma mawuyacin lokaci. A lokacin Congo Free State, an aikata ayyuka masu zafi da tashin hankali. A mulkin mallaka kuma, an ci gaba da wahala da tozarci. Ina bayyana matukar nadama kan wadannan raunuka na tarihi."[17] Wannan ne karo na farko da wani sarkin Belgium ya fito fili ya bayyana irin wadannan ayyuka.[17] Wasikar ta zo ne bayan wasu kiraye-kirayen da Joachim Coens (CD&V) da wasu suka yi na neman afuwa.[18] Duk da haka, bai ambaci rawar Sarki Leopold II ba.[19] Wasu masu fafutuka sun ce bai nemi gafara sosai ba.[20]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 Douglas De Coninck (1 July 2018). "Lumumba heeft dan toch zijn eigen plein (tje) in Brussel". De Morgen (in Holanci). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  2. ↑ "Verslag van de parlementaire onderzoekscommissie belast met het vaststellen van de precieze omstandigheden waarin Patrice Lumumba werd vermoord en van de eventuele betrokkenheid daarbij van Belgische politici vol. I" (PDF) (in Holanci). Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers. 16 November 2001. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  3. ↑ Bart Beirlant (6 February 2002). "België biedt excuses aan voor Lumumba". De Standaard (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  4. ↑ mg, yd (11 February 2019). "VN-experten vragen Belgische excuses voor koloniaal verleden". De Standaard (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  5. ↑ "BELGA NEXT: Moord op Lumumba: België biedt zijn excuses aan" (in Holanci). Belga. 5 February 2002. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  6. ↑ Belga (24 April 2018). "Brussel krijgt een plein vernoemd naar Patrice Lumumba". VRT NWS (in Holanci). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  7. ↑ Sabine Van Damme (22 January 2019). "Eerbetoon aan vermoorde Congolees: Gent krijgt een Lumumbastraat". Het Laatste Nieuws (in Holanci). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  8. ↑ Bert Staes (21 January 2021). "Stad Gent schrapt Leopold II-laan, bewoners krijgen compensatie voor adreswijziging". Het Nieuwsblad (in Holanci). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  9. ↑ EDB (4 December 2018). "Koning komt niet naar opening AfricaMuseum". BRUZZ (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  10. ↑ Bruno Struys (3 December 2018). "Koning komt niet naar opening AfricaMuseum". Het Laatste Nieuws (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  11. ↑ Bruno Struys (3 December 2018). "Koning komt niet naar opening AfricaMuseum". De Morgen (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  12. 1 2 Kristien Bonneure (3 December 2018). "Koning Filip niet naar heropening AfricaMuseum Tervuren". VRT NWS (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  13. 1 2 Elise van Zijst (8 December 2018). "Omstreden Africamuseum verbouwd, maar is er wel genoeg veranderd?". NOS (in Holanci). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  14. ↑ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
  15. 1 2 Gianni Paelinck (3 April 2019). "Premier Michel biedt excuses aan voor behandeling metiskinderen uit koloniale periode". VRT NWS (in Holanci). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  16. ↑ Kamanayo, Georges (May 2020). Tussen twee werelden. Een leven in Europa en Afrika. Polis. pp. 22–27. ISBN 9789463105255. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  17. 1 2 Belga (30 June 2020). "Koning Filip betuigt "diepste spijt" voor Belgische wandaden in Congo". VRT NWS. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Coens
  19. ↑ "Belgian king expresses regrets for colonial abuses". BBC News. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  20. ↑ Rob Picheta (1 July 2020). "Belgium's King sends 'regrets' to Congo for Leopold II atrocities – but doesn't apologize". CNN. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
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