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Berta Cáceres

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

Berta Isabel Cáceres Flores (pronunciation na Mutanen Espanya: [ˈbeɾtajsaˈβel ˈkaseɾes ˈfloɾes]; 4 Maris 1971 - 3 Maris 2016) [1] ta kasance mai fafutukar kare muhalli na Honduras (Lenca), shugaban ƴan asalin ƙasar, [2] wanda ya kafa kuma ya tsara Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a da 'Yan asalin Honduras (COPINH). [3][4][5] Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Goldman Environmental Prize, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaututtuka don gwagwarmayar muhalli, a cikin shekarar 2015 don "kamfen ɗin da ya samu nasarar matsawa mai gina madatsar ruwa mafi girma a duniya don janyewa daga madatsar ruwan Agua Zarca" a Río Gualcarque. [6][7][8]eseses

A shekara ta 2016 'yan bindiga ne suka kashe ta a gidanta, bayan shekaru da yawa na barazanar rayuwarta.[9] Wani tsohon soja, tare da rundunonin soji na musamman na sojojin Honduras da Amurka ta horar, ta tabbatar da cewa sunan Cáceres na cikin jerin sunayensu na tsawon watanni kafin a kashe ta. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2017, uku daga cikin mutane takwas da aka kama ana alakanta su da manyan sojojin da Amurka ta horas da su. An horar da biyu a Fort Benning, Jojiya, Amurka, a tsohuwar Makarantar Amurka (SOA), wanda yanzu ake kira Cibiyar Haɗin Kan Tsaro ta Yamma, ko WHINSEC. An kafa shi a cikin 2001, WHNSEC tun daga lokacin ana danganta shi da dubban kisan kai da take haƙƙin ɗan adam a Latin Amurka ta hanyar kammala karatunta. A cikin Nuwamba 2017, ƙungiyar masana shari'a ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta fitar da rahoton gano " sakaci da gangan daga cibiyoyin kudi." Misali, Babban Bankin Amurka na Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziƙi (CABEI), Cibiyar Bayar da Kuɗi ta Netherlands (FMO) da Finnfund sun bi dabarun tare da masu hannun jari, shuwagabanni, manajoji, da ma'aikatan kamfanin Honduras Desarrollos Energeticos SA (DESA), kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na tsaro da ke aiki ga DESA, jami'an gwamnati da hukumomin tsaro na Jiha "don sarrafawa, daidaitawa da kawar da duk wani adawa".

An kashe masu kare ƙasa goma sha biyu a Honduras a cikin 2014, bisa ga binciken da Shaida ta Duniya ta yi, wanda ya sa ta zama ƙasa mafi haɗari a duniya, dangane da girman ta, ga masu gwagwarmaya da ke kare gandun daji da koguna. Kisan Berta Cáceres ya biyo bayan wasu masu fafutuka biyu a cikin wannan watan.

A cikin Yuli 2021, Roberto David Castillo, tsohon shugaban DESA, an same shi da laifin kasancewa mai haɗa baki a kisan ta, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 22 da rabi a gidan yari.

Rayuwa ta farko

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An haifi Berta Isabel Cáceres Flores a La Esperanza, Honduras [10] a cikin Mutanen Lenca, babbar ƙungiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar a kudu maso yammacin Honduras. Ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta cikin 12, ta girma a cikin shekarun 1970 a lokacin tashin hankali da tashin hankali a Amurka ta tsakiya. Mahaifiyarta Austra Bertha Flores Lopez ta kasance abin koyi na jin kai: Ta kasance mai juna biyu, tana taimakawa cikin dubban haihuwar halitta a cikin ƙauyen Honduras, kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa wanda ya karɓi kuma ya kula da 'yan gudun hijira daga El Salvador.[11] An zabi Austra Flores kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na tsawon shekaru biyu na garinsu na La Esperanza, a matsayin 'yar majalisa, kuma a matsayin gwamnan Sashen Intibucá . [12]

Bayan ya halarci makarantun gida, Cáceres ya yi karatun ilimi a jami'a kuma ya kammala karatu tare da cancantar koyarwa.[13] Ɗaukowa. Ismael Moreno, firist kuma darektan Rediyo Progreso & ERIC-SJ, ya zama babban aboki da abokin aiki na Cáceres.[14]

Yunkurin fafutuka

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A shekara ta 1993, a matsayin dalibi mai fafutuka, Cáceres ya kafa Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a da 'Yan asalin Honduras (COPINH), ƙungiyar da ke tallafawa' yan asalin ƙasar a Honduras. [14] Ta jagoranci kamfen a kan batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da zanga-zangar katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, masu gonar, da kuma kasancewar sansanonin soja na Amurka a ƙasar Lenca.[15] Ta goyi bayan mata, haƙƙin LGBT, da kuma batutuwan zamantakewa da na asali. [16] Tun da farko a rayuwarta ta gwagwarmaya, ta fahimci darajar da tasirin gwagwarmayar LGBT, yayin da ta fahimci cewa sun fuskanci irin wannan nuna bambanci da zalunci kamar yadda ita da mutanenta suka yi.[17]

A shekara ta 2006, gungun ƴan asalin ƙasar Lenca daga Río Blanco sun nemi Cáceres ya binciki isowar kayan gini a yankinsu.[7] Cáceres ya yi bincike sosai tare da sanar da jama'ar cewa, wani aikin hadin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanin Sinohydro na kasar Sin, da bankin duniya na kudi na duniya, da kamfanin Honduras Desarrollos Energéticos, S.A., wanda aka fi sani da DESA, na da shirin gina jerin madatsun ruwa guda hudu na ruwa a kogin Gualcarque.[18]

Masu haɓakawa sun karya dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar rashin tuntuɓar mutanen yankin kan aikin. Lenca sun damu da cewa madatsun ruwa za su lalata damar samun ruwa, abinci da kayan magani, sabili da haka suna barazana ga hanyar rayuwarsu ta gargajiya. Cáceres ya yi aiki tare da al'umma don shirya kamfen na zanga-zanga. Ta shirya ayyukan shari'a da tarurrukan al'umma game da aikin, kuma ta kai karar ga Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Amurka. [19]

Daga shekara ta 2013, Cáceres ya jagoranci COPINH da al'ummar yankin a cikin zanga-zangar shekara-shekara a wurin ginin don hana kamfanonin samun damar ƙasar. Jami'an tsaro a kai a kai sun cire masu zanga-zangar daga shafin. A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Sojojin Honduras sun bude wuta a kan masu zanga-zangar, inda suka kashe daya daga cikin mambobin COPINH, Tomás García, kuma suka jikkata wasu uku, ciki har da dansa mai shekaru 17, Alan.[20] Al'umma ta ba da rahoton barazanar yau da kullun da cin zarafi daga ma'aikatan kamfanin, masu tsaro, da sojoji. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, an kai wa mambobin COPINH hari a cikin abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu wadanda suka haifar da mutuwar mambobi biyu da jikkata uku.[21]

A ƙarshen 2013, duka Sinohydro da Kamfanin Kudi na Duniya sun janye daga aikin saboda zanga-zangar COPINH.[7] Desarrollos Energéticos (DESA) ya ci gaba, duk da haka, yana motsa wurin gini zuwa wani wuri don kauce wa toshewar.[18] Sauran shugabannin kasuwanci na cikin gida sun goyi bayan aikin. Jami'ai sun shigar da tuhumar aikata laifuka a kan Cáceres da wasu shugabannin 'yan asalin biyu don "ƙaddamarwa, tilastawa da ci gaba da lalacewa" a kan DESA saboda rawar da suka taka a cikin zanga-zangar, wanda ake zargin ya sa wasu su haifar da lalacewa ga kamfanin.[22] A mayar da martani ga zargin, Amnesty International ta bayyana cewa, idan aka daure masu fafutuka, Amnesty International za ta dauke su fursunonin lamiri.[23] Yawancin kungiyoyi na yanki da na duniya sun yi kira ga gwamnatin Honduras da ta daina aikata laifuka wajen kare hakkin dan adam da kuma bincika barazanar da ake yi wa masu kare hakkin dan Adam.[24]

A ranar 20 ga Fabrairun 2016, sama da masu zanga-zanga 100 ne jami’an tsaro suka tsare su yayin da suke zanga-zangar, kuma barazanar da ake yi wa kungiyarsu ta fara karuwa.

Cáceres ta ware Hillary Clinton saboda shigarta wajen halatta juyin mulkin Honduras na 2009:

" . " [25]

Clinton ta yi ikirarin cewa hanyar da ta bi wajen tafiyar da lamarin ya fi kyau ga al'ummar Honduras.[26]

Barazanar da damuwa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam

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Hukumar Inter-American kan 'Yancin Dan Adam (IACH) ta hada da "Bertha Cáceres" (sic) a cikin jerin mutanen da ke cikin barazana a lokacin juyin mulkin Honduras na 2009.[27] Kashegari IACH ta ba da abin da ake kira "matakan kariya (MC 196-09) " don kare ta da sauran masu gwagwarmaya, yayin da suke amincewa da rahotanni cewa sojojin sun kewaye gidanta.[27]

A cikin 2013, Cáceres ya gaya wa Al Jazeera:

Sojojin na da jerin sunayen mayakan kare hakkin bil'adama 18 da ake nema ruwa a jallo tare da sunana a sama. Ina so in yi rayuwa, akwai abubuwa da yawa da har yanzu nake so in yi a duniyar nan amma ban taɓa tunanin daina yin yaƙi don yankinmu ba, don rayuwa mai mutunci, saboda yaƙinmu halal ne. Ina ba da kulawa sosai amma a ƙarshe, a ƙasar nan da ba a hukunta ni ba, ina da rauni ... Lokacin da suke so su kashe ni, za su yi.[28]

A lokacin yakin da aka yi da madatsar ruwan, Cáceres da sauran masu shirya sun tsoratar da su akai-akai; a wani lokaci an dakatar da su kuma an bincika motar su yayin tafiya zuwa Rio Blanco. Cáceres ya yi iƙirarin cewa a lokacin wannan binciken, an dasa bindiga a cikin motar; daga baya aka kama masu shirya su kan zargin makamai kuma aka tsare su cikin dare a kurkuku.[29] Kotun ta sanya Cáceres a karkashin matakan kariya, ta tilasta mata sanya hannu a kotun kowane mako kuma ta hana ta barin kasar. Matakan sun kasance suna aiki har sai an kori karar a watan Fabrairun 2014. [30]

Kotun records daga 2014 jama'a a watan Mayu 2016 ya nuna cewa "gwamnati da DESA akai-akai nemi kwalta Caceres da takwarorinsu a matsayin m anarchists lankwasa a kan ta'addanci da yawan jama'a ta hanyar da zanga-zangar, [...] usurpation, tilastawa da ci gaba da lalacewa har ma da ƙoƙari na rushe tsarin dimokuradiyya".

Daya daga cikin furcin da Berta ya fi so shine "Suna tsoron mu saboda ba ma jin tsoronsu," in ji Gustavo Castro Soto, masanin muhalli dan kasar Mexico. [31]

Daraja da gado

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Jirgin da aka sanya masa suna ta hanyar Extinction Rebellion a Oxford CircusGidan wasan motsa jiki na Oxford
  • A shekara ta 2012, an ba Cáceres lambar yabo ta Shalom ta Society for Justice and Peace a Jami'ar Katolika ta Eichstätt-Ingolstadt . [13]
  • A shekara ta 2014, an zabi ta a matsayin mai tseren karshe don Kyautar Masu Tsaro ta Front Line . [13]
  • A shekara ta 2015, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Goldman Environmental Prize . [7]
  • A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya ta Global Witness ta nuna shari'ar Cáceres a matsayin alama ce ta mummunar haɗarin da masu fafutukar kare muhalli ke fuskanta a Honduras, wanda ke da mafi yawan kashe-kashen masu kare muhaldi da masu kare ƙasa a duniya.
  • A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, masanan ilimin muhalli Erich P. Hofmann da Josiah H. Townsend sun ba da sunan sabon nau'in anole na Honduras bayan ta tare da Sunan binomial Anolis caceresae tare da sunan Berta's anole . [32][33]
  • A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, kungiyar Extinction Rebellion ta gyara jirgin ruwa mai ruwan hoda mai suna Berta Cáceres a tsakiyar Landan mai cike da Oxford Street da Regent Street (Oxford Circus) kuma sun manne da kansu a ciki, suna toshe zirga-zirga; 'yan sanda sun cire shi tare da masu gyaran kusurwa bayan kwana biyar.[34]
  • A watan Maris na 2021, Singer & Songwriter Damien Rice, tare da JFDR, Sandrayati Fay sun rubuta waƙar da mai fafutukar kare muhalli na Honduras 'Song for Berta', wanda ya girmama mai fafutuka a ranar haihuwarta ta 50, tare da duk tallace-tallace da sarauta na rikodin da ke ci gaba zuwa Majalisar Kungiyoyin Jama'a da 'Yan asalin Honduras. [35][36]
  • A watan Disamba na 2021, an sanya wa sabon nau'in Carpotroche, wani karamin itace na asalin gabashin Honduras da Nicaragua, suna don girmama ta.[37]

Kashewa

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An harbe Cáceres a gidanta da makamai a daren 2 ga Maris 2016. [1] Mai fafutukar kare muhalli na Mexico Gustavo Castro Soto ma ya ji rauni, ta hanyar harbe-harbe biyu, a kumatu da hannu. [38][39] Daya daga cikin furcin da Berta ya fi so shine "Suna tsoron mu saboda ba ma jin tsoronsu," in ji Gustavo Castro Soto, alamun dan kasar Mexico."

Ya ce:

Ina aiki a kan gabatarwa sai na ji ƙara mai ƙarfi. Ina tsammanin wani abu ya fado, amma lokacin da Berta ta yi kururuwa, 'Wa ke wurin?', Na san ba daidai ba ne, cewa ƙarshen ne. [...] Lokacin da mai bugun ya iso, na rufe fuskata. Yana da nisa da mita uku. Na motsa yana harbi, harsashin ya ratsa kunnena. Ya dauka ya kashe ni. Abin al'ajabi ne na tsira.[31]

A karkashin abin da ake kira "matakan yin taka tsantsan" da Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar, an bukaci gwamnatin Honduras ta kare Cáceres, amma a ranar mutuwarta ba ta da wata kariya. Ministar tsaron Honduras ta ce ba ta nan a inda ta bayyana a matsayin gidanta. Kwanan nan ta koma sabon gida a La Esperanza .

Cáceres ta bar 'ya'yanta hudu tare da tsohon mijinta kuma shugaba mai suna Salvador Zúniga. [13][38]

"Justice for Berta Cáceres!" zanga-zangar a Washington, DC
Kyautar rubutu ga Berta Cáceres a Palma, Spain

Halin da aka yi

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Berta Isabel Zúniga Cáceres, ''Yar Berta Cáceres mai shekaru 25 a lokacin, ta ce a wata hira da ta yi da ita tana rike da kamfanin da ke son gina madatsar ruwa ta Agua Zarca da ke da alhakin mutuwar mahaifiyarta. Ta ce "abu ne mai sauqi a biya mutane kudin kashe-kashe a Honduras, amma wadanda ke da hannu a wannan lamari wasu masu kudi ne da na'urar da ke ba su damar aikata wadannan laifuka" kuma "sun biya masu kashe mutane a lokuta da dama don kashe ta".

An yi Allah wadai da mutuwar Cáceres, tare da kira ga bincike daga Kungiyar Amurka (OAS), [40] Jakadan Amurka a Honduras, [41] da Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam. [42] Shugaban kasar Honduras Juan Orlando Hernández ya ayyana binciken kisan a matsayin fifiko, kuma Luis Almagro, Sakatare Janar na OAS, ya sake jaddada kiran da OAS ta yi a baya don kariya ta musamman ga masu kare hakkin dan adam a Honduras.[43]

Sauran maganganun tallafi sun fito ne daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka kuma mai kula da muhalli Leonardo DiCaprio, marubucin Kanada kuma mai fafutuka Naomi Klein, Amnesty International, mawaƙin Puerto Rican René Pérez na Calle 13, tsohon Sanata na Colombia Piedad Córdoba, Oxfam, Magajin garin Barcelona Ada Colau, Sanata na Amurka Patrick Leahy, da shugaban Venezuela Nicolás Maduro[44][45][46][47][18]

A group of around 100 COPINH members marched to the provincial police station after her death, to demand an independent international investigation into her murder. There was a protest at the Harry S. Truman Building, in Washington, D.C.[48] On 4 March 2016, students at the National Autonomous University of Honduras staged a protest over Cáceres' death, angry that she was not given more protection during her lifetime, demanding an independent investigation and throwing rocks, while police used tear gas to break up violent clashes during the protest. Protests were also held outside the Embassy of Honduras in Bogotá, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Vienna, Berlin, and Barcelona.[49] [better source needed][50]

Sakamakon binciken

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2016

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A ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, ranar da ta mutu, jami'an gwamnati sun gudanar da binciken jikin Cáceres ba tare da kulawa ba, duk da cewa iyalinta sun nemi kwararren likitanci mai zaman kansa, [48] bincike mai zaman kansa ta Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Amurka. [51] A wannan rana, gwamnati ta fara bincike kuma ta kunna sashin laifukan tashin hankali (Unidad de Delitos Violentos) a kan shari'ar, wanda ke daidaita aikinta tare da Amurka. An tsare memba na COPINH Aureliano Molina Villanueva a ranar 3 ga watan Maris a matsayin wanda ake zargi da kisan. COPINH ta yi tir da wannan matakin, tana mai cewa yunkurin zarge shi da laifin kisan.[39] A ranar 5 ga watan Maris, an saki Molina saboda rashin shaidar da ke danganta shi da laifin.[52] An kuma tsare mai tsaron tsaro José Ismael Lemus kuma an sake shi.[52] Umurnin shari'a ya bukaci Ismael da Castro, wanda ya tsira daga harin, ya kasance a cikin kasar yayin da binciken ya ci gaba.[52]

Wanda ya tsira daga harin kuma shi kadai ne shaida Castro daga baya ya ce an kama shi ta hanyar ma'aikatu da kotuna, an umarce shi da ya ba da labarinsa akai-akai.[31]

A cikin taron manema labarai na 5 ga Maris, 'ya'ya hudu na Cáceres: Olivia, Berta, Laura, da Salvador, sun nuna rashin amincewarsu ga binciken gwamnatin Honduras. Da yake bayyana kisan mahaifiyarsu a matsayin aikin siyasa, sun yi kira ga bincike na kasa da kasa game da kisan. A ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, Shugaba Hernández ya nemi Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam Zeid bin Ra'ad Al-Hussein ya taimaka wajen binciken mutuwar Cáceres.

A cikin kwanaki bayan kisan, tawagar Amnesty International (AI) ta sadu da Ministan 'Yancin Dan Adam, Shari'a, Cikin Gida da Rarraba da wakilan Ma'aikatar Tsaro, Ma'aikatu ta Harkokin Waje, Ofishin Babban Lauyan, Ofishin Mai Shari'a da Jama'a, da kuma dangin Cáceres.[53] Amnesty ta soki shugaba Hernández saboda kin ganawa da 'yan uwan Cáceres, masu kare hakkin bil'adama, da AI. Amnesty ta yi Allah wadai da "rashin amincewar gwamnatin Honduras na kare masu kare hakkin bil'adama a kasar" kuma ta lura cewa hukumomin Honduras sun kasa "bibi mafi mahimmancin bincike, ciki har da cewa Berta ta kasance tana fuskantar mummunar barazanar kisa dangane da aikinta na kare hakkin bil'adama na dogon lokaci". [53]

Wata guda bayan mutuwar Cáceres, hukumomin Honduras sun ba da sanarwar cewa a ranar 13 ga Maris sun bincika ofisoshin DESA tare da karɓar shaida daga ma'aikatan kamfanin.[31]

A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2016, gwamnati ta kama mutane hudu; [31] daya shine manajan DESA don al'amuran zamantakewa da muhalli, wani tsohon ma'aikacin kamfanin tsaro da DESA ta hayar; sauran biyu sune babban soja kuma kyaftin din da ya yi ritaya. [51] Jakadan Amurka a Honduras ya yaba wa gwamnati.[54]

A watan Yunin 2016, wata tsohuwar soja da ke da runduna ta musamman da Amurka ta horar da su na sojojin Honduras ta tabbatar da cewa sunan Caceres na cikin jerin sunayensu watanni kafin a kashe ta.

2017

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A watan Fabrairun 2017 jaridar The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa, uku daga cikin mutane takwas da aka kama suna da alaka da manyan sojojin da Amurka ta horas da su. Biyu, wato Maj Mariano Díaz da Laftanar Douglas Giovanny Bustillo, sun sami horon soji a Fort Benning, Jojiya, Amurka tsohuwar Makarantar Amurka (SOA), wacce aka canza mata suna WHINSEC, tana da alaƙa da dubban kisan kai da take haƙƙin ɗan adam a Latin Amurka.[55]

A watan Nuwamba 2017, wata tawagar masana harkokin shari'a na kasa da kasa (GAIPE) sun fitar da wani rahoto da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da binciken su, wanda ya kafa "rashin sakaci da cibiyoyin kudi da gangan" kamar misali Bankin Amurka ta Tsakiya don Haɗin Tattalin Arziki (CABEI), Kamfanin Kuɗi na Ƙasar Netherlands (FMO) da Finnfund. GAIPE ya gano "hannun shuwagabanni, manajoji da ma'aikatan DESA, na jami'an tsaro masu zaman kansu da kamfanin ya dauka hayar, na jami'an gwamnati da kuma tsare-tsare masu kama da juna ga jami'an tsaron jihar a cikin laifukan da aka aikata kafin, a lokacin da kuma bayan 2 ga Maris, 2016, ranar kisan. "[1]

Kaddamarwa da shari'o'i

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2018

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A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, hukumomin Honduras sun kama tsohon jami'in leken asiri na soja David Castillo, wanda ake zargi da shirya kisan Cáceres. Wannan sabon kamawa, na shugaban zartarwa na kamfanin da ke gina madatsar ruwan wanda Cáceres ya yi yaƙi da shi, shine mutum na tara da aka kama saboda kisan, kuma na huɗu tare da alaƙa da sojojin Honduras. [56] A watan Satumbar 2018, Kotun Koli ta Honduras ta dakatar da shari'ar mutane takwas da ake zargi da kisan Cáceres har abada. Bayan an ci gaba da shari'ar, an yanke wa maza bakwai daga cikin takwas hukuncin kisan kai a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018.

2019

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An jinkirta yanke hukunci har zuwa Disamba 2019. A lokacin, an yanke wa masu kisan gilla hudu hukuncin shekaru 34 saboda kisan Berta Cáceres, da kuma shekaru 16 saboda yunkurin kisan Gustavo Castro Soto. Sauran mutane ukun da ake tuhuma sun samu hukuncin daurin shekaru 30 saboda taimakawa wajen shirya kisan.

2021

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A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2021, David Castillo, tsohon shugaban kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na DESA, an same shi da laifin kitsa kisan gillar da Kotun Koli ta Honduras ta yi wa Berta Cáceres a cikin wani hukunci na bai daya. An shafe kwanaki 49 ana shari'ar. Hukuncin ya bayyana cewa Castillo ya yi amfani da masu ba da labari da aka biya da kuma tuntuɓar sojoji don sa ido kan Cáceres. Castillo ya haɗu, ya tsara kuma ya sami kuɗin don biyan kuɗin kisan.[57][58]

2022

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A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2022 an yanke wa David Castillo hukuncin shekaru 22 da watanni 6 a kurkuku.[59]

Kyaututtuka

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  • A cikin 2012, The Society for Justice and Peace ta ba Cáceres lambar yabo ta Shalom . [60]
  • A shekarar 2015, ta lashe kyautar Goldman Environmental Prize .
  • A shekara ta 2016, ta sami lambar yabo mafi girma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, lambar yabo ta Zakarun Duniya.[61]

Dubi kuma

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  • Ana Mirian Romero
  • Kisan mata a Honduras
  • Máxima Acuña, mai fafutukar ruwa ta Peru
  • Jeannette Kawas, mai kula da muhalli na Honduras
  • Tashar yanar gizon Honduras

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Altholz, Roxanna; Molano Rodríguez, Jorge E.; Saxon, Dan; Urbina Martínez, Miguel Ángel; Uribe Tirado, Liliana María (November 2017). "Represa de Violencia: El plan que asesinó a Berta Cáceres" (PDF) (in Sifaniyanci). Grupo Asesor Internacional de Personas Expertas. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017. (Executive Summary in English) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "gaipe" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Redacción/EFE. "Matan a Berta Cáceres, líder indígena hondureña". Diario La Prensa. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "To Defend the Environment, Support Social Movements Like Berta Cáceres and COPINH". 20 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  4. ↑ "Berta Cáceres: "Green Nobel." Also, Galeano on The Right to Delirium". Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  5. ↑ "Cáceres, Threatened Honduran, Wins Biggest Enviro Award". Radio Free. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  6. ↑ Gianotti, Zachary (15 March 2017). "Berta Cáceres: Honduran Indigenous Rights Activist and Environmental Martyr". www.scu.edu (in Turanci). Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Berta Cáceres – Goldman Environmental Foundation". Goldman Environmental Foundation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ "Who killed Berta Cáceres? Behind the brutal murder of an environment crusader". The Guardian (in Turanci). 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  9. ↑ "Threats, attacks and intimidation against Berta Cáceres Flores". BertaCaceres.org. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sier
  11. ↑ "Honduran Indigenous Leader Berta Cáceres Assassinated, Won Goldman Environmental Prize". Democracy Now!. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  12. ↑ Pisa, Katie (3 March 2017). "Berta Cáceres' family seeks justice on anniversary of fearless activist's death". CNN.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Orellana, Xiomara Danelia (3 March 2016). "Berta Cáceres, un ícono étnico que les dio voz a los indígenas". La Prensa (Honduras). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Council of Indigenous and Popular Organizations of Honduras (COPINH) (via Rights Action) | Cultures of Resistance". culturesofresistance.org. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":10" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ "International condemnation of the murder of indigenous leader Bertha Cáceres in Honduras". Transnational Institute. 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  16. ↑ "Internationally-recognized rights defender Berta Cáceres murdered in Honduras – FSRN". fsrn.org. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  17. ↑ Kaimowitz, David (2016-03-03). "The work of indigenous rights activist Berta Cáceres does not end with her death". Ford Foundation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Shoichet, Catherine E.; Griffiths, James; Flournoy, Dakota (3 March 2016). "Berta Cáceres, Honduran activist, killed". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  20. ↑ School of the Americas Watch. "The Murder of Tomas Garcia by the Honduran Military". School of the Americas Watch. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  21. ↑ "Honduras: Asesinato y represión en San Francisco de Opalaca y Río Blanco". Resumen Latinoamericano. 27 May 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  22. ↑ Anaiz Zamora Márquez and Yunuhen Rangel Medina (3 January 2014). "Berta Cáceres dedicó su vida a la defensa del pueblo Lenca". Cimac Noticias. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  23. ↑ "Honduran Indigenous leaders at risk of unfair imprisonment". Amnesty International. 19 September 2013. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  24. ↑ "Pronunciamiento conjunto sobre la criminalización de defensores y defensoras de derechos humanos en Honduras". Center for Justice and International Law. 26 September 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  25. ↑ "Before Her Assassination, Berta Cáceres Singled Out Hillary Clinton for Backing Honduran Coup". Democracy Now!. 11 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  26. ↑ "Why this protester is blaming Clinton for the murder of a Honduran activist". Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Precautionary Measures Granted by the Commission during 2009". Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Organization of American States. 2009. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  28. ↑ Lakhani, Nina (24 December 2013). "Honduras dam project shadowed by violence". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
  29. ↑ Gynther, Brigitte. "SOA graduate involved in criminalization of Indigenous leader Berta Caceres". Close the School of the Americas. School of the Americas Watch. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  30. ↑ "Honduras: Update – Dismissal of case against human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres". Front Line Defenders. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 Salomon, Josefina (6 May 2016). "Sole Witness to Berta Cáceres Murder: 'It Was Clear She Was Going to Get Killed'". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "hp516" defined multiple times with different content
  32. ↑ Hofmann, Erich P.; Townsend, Josiah H. (December 2018). "A Cryptic New Species of Anole (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from the Lenca Highlands of Honduras, Previously Referred to as Norops crassulus (Cope, 1864)". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 85 (2): 91–111. doi:10.2992/007.085.0201. ISSN 0097-4463. S2CID 91271114.
  33. ↑ National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Taxonomy Browser (Anolis caceresae)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
  34. ↑ Watts, Jonathan; Gayle, Damien (19 April 2019). "Climate activists and police tussle for control of Oxford Circus". Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  35. ↑ "Song For Berta by Damien Rice from Ireland". Popnable.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
  36. ↑ Thunder, In Spite of (2021-04-29). "Adding my voice to the new Damien Rice song in memory of Berta Caceres". In Spite of Thunder (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
  37. ↑ Santamaría-Aguilar, Daniel; Coronado, Indiana M.; Liesner, Ronald L.; Monro, Alexandre K. (2021-12-31). "A New Species of Carpotroche (Achariaceae) from Honduras and Nicaragua". Harvard Papers in Botany. 26 (2). doi:10.3100/hpib.v26iss2.2021.n12. ISSN 1043-4534.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 José Meléndez (3 March 2016). "Mexicano es herido en asesinato de líder indígena hondureña". El Universal (Mexico). Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mexicano" defined multiple times with different content
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 COPINH (3 March 2016). "Comunicado de Ayer de COPINH: Berta Caceres Vive!!!". Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":9" defined multiple times with different content
  40. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named oea
  41. ↑ "Berta Cáceres, Human Rights, Environmental Activist Killed In Honduras". Latin Times. 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  42. ↑ "Berta Cáceres' murder: UN experts renew call to Honduras to end impunity". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). 11 April 2016.
  43. ↑ "Gobierno de Honduras condena el vil asesinato de Berta Cáceres". El Heraldo. 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  44. ↑ "Calle 13:"El asesinato de Berta Cáceres multiplicará la lucha"". La Prensa. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  45. ↑ "Alcaldesa de Barcelona: "Asesinos de Berta no callarán su vuz ni su lucha"". NotiBomba. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  46. ↑ "Venezuela:Nicolás Maduro reacciona por muerte de hondureña Berta Cáceres". El Heraldo. 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  47. ↑ "On The Assassination Of Berta Caceres In Honduras". Office of U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Carrillo, Silvio (4 March 2016). "Remembering Berta Cáceres, Assassinated Honduras Indigenous & Environmental Leader". Democracy Now!. Retrieved 6 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "dn" defined multiple times with different content
  49. ↑ "Justicia por Berta en Colombia: manifiestan en las afueras de la embajada de Honduras". comunitariapress.wordpress.com. 5 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  50. ↑ "Proteste nach Ermordung von Aktivistin Berta Cáceres in Honduras" (in Jamusanci). Amerika 21. 6 March 2016. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Malkin, Elisabeth (2 May 2016). "Honduras Arrests 4 Men in Killing of Berta Cáceres, Indigenous Activist". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "nyt516" defined multiple times with different content
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :8
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Amnesty International (8 March 2016). "Honduras:Deep failures in investigation into activist's killing put many at risk". Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  54. ↑ "4 Arrested In Murder Of Honduran Activist Berta Cáceres". The Two-Way Breaking News From NPR. NPR. 6 May 2016. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  55. ↑ "SOA Watch: Close the School of the Americas". SOA Watch. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  56. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lakhani
  57. ↑ "U.S.-Trained Honduran Ex-Military Officer Found Guilty of Participating in Murder of Berta Cáceres". Democracy Now! (in Turanci). 6 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  58. ↑ "Alleged Mastermind Convicted In The Killing Of Environmental Activist Berta Cáceres". NPR (in Turanci). 5 July 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  59. ↑ "22 años seis meses de reclusión contra presidente de DESA por el asesinato de Berta Cáceres". Ministerio Público - República de Honduras. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  60. ↑ Boere, Marianne (24 June 2016). "Unforgettable Women: Berta Cáceres". Atria (in Turanci). Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  61. ↑ "Berta Cáceres – Inspiration and Action". Champions of the Earth (in Turanci). 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
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