Bessie Stillman
 Bessie Stillman | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1871 |
| Mutuwa | 1947 |
| Sana'a | |
Bessie Whitmore Stillman (1871-1947) ta kasance malama ce kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga hanyar koyarwa ta Orton-Gillingham ga ɗalibai masu nakasu a karatun su.
Ayyukanta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Stillman ta kasance malama ce a Makarantar Al'adu da Da'a a Kasar New York lokacin da ta hadu da Anna Gillingham . [1] Ta fara aikinta ne tare don ci gaba da bunkasa hanyoyin koyarwa na Samuel Orton, wanda an tsarashi don taimakawa masu karatu tare da dyslexia. Gillingham da Stillman sun kammala wani shiri na gyara Wanda ake kira "The Alphabetic Method," wanda yake koyar da phonemes, morphemes da ka'idojin rubutun kalmomi ta hanyar dabarun multisensory.[2] Gillingham ya buga "The Alphabetic Method" a cikin 1936. Wannan daga baya ya zama sananne da hanyar Orton-Gillingham . [3]
A wannan lokacin (1935-1937) Stillman ta yi aiki kuma ya yi karatu tare da Gillingham a Makarantar Punahou da ke Honolulu, Hawaii. A can ne suka horo da kuma hada kai da Beth Slingerland, wanda ya daidaita hanyar Orton-Gillingham kuma ana kiranta Hanyar Orton-Jillingham-Stillman, don amfani a cikin aji.[3] Hanyar ta haɗa da koyar da dyslexics tare da tsarin da yawa.
Stillman ta yi aiki tare da Gillingham har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 1947. [4]
Littattafan su
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1922, an buga wata kasida ta Stillman mai taken "School Excursions" a cikin kundi na 22 na The Elementary School Journal . Littafin farko na Stillman, Training Children to Study; Practical Suggestions, an buga shi a cikin 1928. Gillingham da Stillman ne suka rubuta littafin farko na The Gillingham Manual: Horar da Magani ga Yara da ke da Musamman a Karatu, Kalmomi, da Rubutun, (asalin "Hanyar Alphabetic") kuma an buga shi a 1936. Wannan shi ne jagorar da ake koyar da hanyar Orton-Gillingham a yau, tare da fitowar ta 8 da aka buga a shekarar 1997. A cikin gabatarwar fitowar da ta biyo baya, Gillingham ta lura cewa wasu sassan sun kasance aikin marigayi Stillman, har zuwa inda ba za ta iya kawo kanta don gyara su ba.[1]
Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 McClelland, Jane (1989). "Gillingham: Contemporary After 76 Years". Annals of Dyslexia. 39 (1): 34–49. doi:10.1007/BF02656899. ISSN 0736-9387. JSTOR 23769351. PMID 24233470. S2CID 27304782. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "ORTON-GILLINGHAM-BASED AND/OR MULTISENSORY STRUCTURED LANGUAGE APPROACHES" (PDF). International Dyslexia Association. 2000.
- 1 2 Colony, Bonita. "History Of Orton-Based Multisensory Structured Language Methods". Clinical Studies of Multisensory Structured Language Instruction: 16–19. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Childs, Sally B. (1974). "2. The Anna Gillingham I knew". Bulletin of the Orton Society (in Turanci). 24 (1): 50–54. doi:10.1007/BF02653529. ISSN 0474-7534. S2CID 144992846.