Bette Davis

Miss Davis, with more say than most stars as to what films she makes, seems to have lapsed into egoism. The criterion for her choice of film would appear to be that nothing must compete with the full display of each facet of the Davis art. Only bad films are good enough for her.

Ruut Elizabeth "Bette" Davis (/ˈbɛti/; Afrilu 5, 1908 - Oktoba 6, 1989) 'yar fim ce ta Amurka, talabijin, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. An dauke ta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a tarihi Hollywood, an san ta da shirye-shiryen da take da shi na yin wasa da rashin tausayi, haruffa masu ban dariya kuma an san ta ne da wasan kwaikwayon da take yi a cikin nau'ikan fina-finai daban-daban, daga fina-fallace na zamani zuwa fina-falan tarihi da na lokaci-lokaci da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na lokaci-shekara, kodayake nasarorin da ta fi girma sun kasance matsayinta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya.[1] Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau sau biyu, ita ce mutum na farko da ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy sau goma (da kuma rubuce-rubuce guda ɗaya) don yin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami lambar yabo mai suna Lifetime Achievement Award daga Cibiyar Fim ta Amurka. A shekara ta 1999, an sanya Davis na biyu a cikin jerin manyan taurari mata na fina-finai na Hollywood.

Bayan ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway, Davis ta koma Hollywood a 1930, amma fina-finai na farko na Universal Studios ba su yi nasara ba. Ta shiga Warner Bros. a cikin 1932 kuma ta sami gagarumin ci gaba da taka leda a cikin Of Human Bondage (1934). A cikin rikice-rikice, ba ta cikin 'yan takara uku da aka zaba don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actress a wannan shekarar ba, kuma ta lashe shi a shekara mai zuwa don rawar da ta taka a Dangerous (1935). A shekara ta 1936, saboda kyautar fim mara kyau, ta yi ƙoƙari ta 'yantar da kanta daga kwangilarta, kuma kodayake ta rasa shari'ar shari'a da aka yada sosai, hakan ya nuna farkon lokacin da ta fi nasara a cikin aikinta. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1940, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mata na fina-finai na Amurka. An yaba mata saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin Marked Woman (1937) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin ta biyu saboda yadda ta nuna Kyakkyawan kudanci 1850 a cikin Jezebel (1938), na farko na shekaru biyar a jere inda ta sami kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau; sauran don Dark Victory (1939), The Letter (1940), The Little Foxes (1941), da Now, Voyager (1942).

An fanshe wani lokaci na raguwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1940 tare da rawar da ta taka a matsayin tauraron Broadway mai faduwa a cikin All About Eve (1950), wanda sau da yawa ana ambaton shi a matsayin mafi kyawun aikinta. Ta sami gabatarwa mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don wannan fim da kuma The Star (1952), amma aikinta ya yi gwagwarmaya a cikin sauran shekaru goma. Zaben karshe da ta taka ya zo ne saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin tsohuwar jarumar Jane Hudson a fim din ban Tsoro na tunanin mutum What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962). A ƙarshen aikinta, Davis ta taka rawar gani a fina-finai kamar Mutuwa a kan Nilu (1978) kuma ta mayar da hankali ga rawar da ta taka a talabijin. Ta jagoranci miniseries The Dark Secret of Harvest Home (1978), ta lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy don baƙi: Labarin Uwar da Yarinya (1979), kuma an zabi ta ne don wasan kwaikwayonta a White Mama (1980) da Little Gloria... Ƙaramar Gloria... Farin Ciki a Ƙarshe (1982). Sashe na karshe na fim din ya kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo The Whales of August (1987).

Davis an san ta da salon wasan kwaikwayo mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi da sauye-sauyen jikinta. Ta sami suna a matsayin mai kammalawa wanda zai iya zama mai gwagwarmaya sosai, kuma ana yawan bayar da rahoton rikice-rikice tare da shugabannin studio, daraktocin fina-finai, da kuma co-stars. Halin da take yi, salon murya, da sigari mai yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga halin jama'a wanda sau da yawa ana kwaikwayonsa. Davis ita ce co-kafa Hollywood Canteen, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya. Ayyukanta sun wuce lokuta da yawa na hasken rana, kuma ta yarda cewa nasararta sau da yawa ta kasance a kan kuɗin dangantakarta. Ta yi aure sau hudu, ta kasance gwauruwa sau ɗaya kuma ta sake aure sau uku, kuma ta haifi 'ya'yanta a matsayin iyaye guda. Shekaru na ƙarshe sun lalace ta hanyar dogon lokaci na rashin lafiya, amma ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo har zuwa jim kadan kafin mutuwarta daga ciwon nono, tare da fiye da 100 fina-finai, talabijin, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin ta.

Rayuwa da aiki

1908-1929: Yaron yaro da farkon aikin wasan kwaikwayo

Bette Davis da Donald Meek a cikin Broken Dishes (1929). "Yanzu na kasance mai gaskiya Broadway actress - a cikin bugawa, " Davis ya rubuta.

Ruth Elizabeth Davis, wacce aka fi sani da "Betty", an haife ta ne a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1908, [1] a Lowell, Massachusetts, 'yar Harlow Morrell Davis (1885-1938), dalibiyar shari'a daga Augusta, Maine, kuma daga baya lauya ce, da Ruth Augusta (née Favór; 1885-1961), daga Tyngsborough, Massachusetts. [2] Ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Davis ita ce Barbara Harriet (1909-1979). [3]A shekara ta 1915, bayan da iyayen Davis suka rabu, Davis da 'yar'uwarta Barbara sun halarci makarantar kwana mai suna Crestalban a Lanesborough, Massachusetts, na tsawon shekaru uku.[4]

A cikin fall of 1921, mahaifiyarta, Ruth Davis, ta koma Birnin New York, ta amfani da kuɗin karatun 'ya'yanta don yin rajista a Makarantar Hotuna ta Clarence White, tare da ɗaki a kan titin 144 a Broadway. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto.

Matashiyar Betty Davis daga baya ta canza rubutun sunanta na farko zuwa Bette bayan Bette Fischer, wani hali a cikin Honoré de Balzac's La Cousine Bette . [1] A lokacin da suke New York, Davis ta zama Girl Scout inda ta zama jagorar sintiri.[2][3] Sojojinta sun lashe gasar tufafi ga Lou Hoover a Madison Square Garden . [4]

Davis ta halarci Cushing Academy, makarantar kwana a Ashburnham, Massachusetts, inda ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Harmon O. Nelson, wanda aka fi sani da Ham . A cikin 1926, Davis mai shekaru 18 a lokacin ya ga samar da Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck tare da Blanche Yurka da Peg Entwistle . Davis daga baya ya tuna, "Dalilin da na so in shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo shine saboda wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Peg Entwistle. " [1] Bette Davis ta yi hira da Eva Le Gallienne don zama daliba a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na 14th Street. Koyaya, ta ji Davis ba ta da tsanani don halartar makarantar ta, kuma ta bayyana halinta a matsayin "maras tabbas" da "maras kyau".[2][3]

Davis ya yi sauraro ga kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na George Cukor a Rochester, New York. Kodayake bai yi sha'awarsa sosai ba, ya ba Davis aikin wasan kwaikwayo na farko da aka biya - mako guda yana wasa da ɓangaren yarinya a cikin wasan Broadway. Ed Sikov ya ba da rawar farko ta Davis ga samar da 1929 ta Provincetown Players of Virgil Geddes' play The Earth Between; duk da haka, an jinkirta samarwa da shekara guda.[1] A cikin 1929, Blanche Yurka ta zaɓi Davis don yin wasa da Hedwig, halin da ta ga Entwistle yana wasa a cikin The Wild Duck . [2] Bayan ta yi a Philadelphia, Washington, da Boston, ta fara bugawa Broadway a 1929 a cikin Broken Dishes kuma ta biyo baya tare da Solid South . [3]

1930–1936: Shekarun farko a Hollywood

Bette Davis a cikin Ofishin Mutanen da suka ɓace (1933)

Bayan ya bayyana a Broadway a New York, Davis mai shekaru 22 ya koma Hollywood a 1930 don nuna gwajin Universal Studios. An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta don neman aiki a matsayin 'yar fim bayan ta ga Mary Pickford a Little Lord Fauntleroy . Davis da mahaifiyarta sun yi tafiya ta jirgin kasa zuwa Hollywood. Daga baya ta ba da labarin mamakin da ta yi cewa babu wani daga cikin ɗakin studio da zai sadu da ita. A zahiri, wani ma'aikacin studio ya jira ta, amma ya bar saboda bai ga kowa da ya "yi kama da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ba". Davis ta kasa gwajin allo na farko, amma an yi amfani da ita a gwaje-gwaje da yawa ga wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

A wata hira da Dick Cavett a shekara ta 1971, ta ba da labarin kwarewar tare da lura, "Ni ne mafi yawan Yankee-mafi kyau, mafi kyawun budurwa wanda ya taɓa tafiya a duniya. Sun kwantar da ni a kan gado, kuma na gwada maza goma sha biyar... Dukansu dole ne su kwanta a saman ni kuma su ba ni sumba mai ban sha'awa. Oh, Na yi tunanin zan mutu. "

An shirya gwajin na biyu ga Davis, don fim din 1931 A House Divided . Da sauri ta yi ado da kayan ado mara kyau tare da ƙananan wuyan wuyan, darektan fim din William Wyler ya ƙi ta, wanda ya yi sharhi da babbar murya ga ma'aikatan da suka taru, "Mene ne kuke tunani game da waɗannan matan da ke nuna akwati su kuma suna tunanin za su iya samun aiki?". [1]

Carl Laemmle, shugaban Universal Studios, ya yi la'akari da dakatar da aikin Davis, amma mai daukar hoto Karl Freund ya gaya masa cewa tana da "idanu masu kyau" kuma za ta dace da Bad Sister (1931), inda daga baya ta fara fim dinta.[1] Tsoron ta ya kara tsanantawa lokacin da ta ji shugaban samarwa, Carl Laemmle, Jr., yayi sharhi ga wani zartarwa cewa tana da "kimanin yawan roƙon jima'i kamar Slim Summerville", daya daga cikin 'yan wasan fim din.[2] Fim din bai yi nasara ba, kuma rawar da ta taka na gaba a cikin Seed (1931) ta yi takaice sosai don jawo hankali. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Universal Studios renewed her contract for three months, and she appeared in a small role in Waterloo Bridge (1931), before being lent to Columbia Pictures for The Menace, and to Capital Films for Hell's House (all 1932). After one year, and six unsuccessful films, Laemmle elected not to renew her contract.[1]

Davis tana shirin komawa New York lokacin da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo George Arliss ya zaɓi Davis don rawar mata a cikin hoton Warner Bros. The Man Who Played God (1932). A sauran rayuwarta, Davis ta yaba masa da taimaka mata ta cimma burinta a Hollywood. Jaridar Asabar Evening Post ta rubuta, "Ba wai kawai kyakkyawa ce ba, amma tana kumbura da kyau", kuma ta kwatanta ta da Constance Bennett da Olive Borden . [1] Warner Bros. ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyar, kuma ta kasance tare da ɗakin studio na shekaru 18 masu zuwa. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

Auren farko na Davis shine Harmon Oscar Nelson [1] akan Agusta 18, 1932, a Yuma, Arizona. [2] [ mafi kyau tushe da ake bukata ] ’yan jarida sun binciki aurensu; yana samun $100 a mako ($1,885 a cikin dala 2020) [ana buƙatar hujja] idan aka kwatanta da rashin dacewa tare da rahoton Davis ya bayar da rahoton $1,000 samun kudin shiga a mako ($18,850). Davis ya yi magana kan batun a wata hira, inda ya nuna cewa yawancin matan Hollywood suna samun fiye da mazajensu, amma lamarin ya kasance mai wahala ga Nelson, wanda ya ƙi barin Davis ya sayi gida har sai ya sami damar biya da kansa. [3] Nelson ya iya aiwatar da abin da yake so, domin a lokacin, mijin ne ke da iko da kuma kula da dukiyar al’umma, wanda ya hada da kudin da matar ke samu, kuma matar ba za ta iya samun lamuni ba sai da izinin mijinta. [4] Davis ya zubar da cikin da yawa a lokacin auren. [5]

Davis a cikin Of Human Bondage (1934)

Bayan fiye da rawar fim 20, ta sami gagarumin ci gaba da taka rawar Mildred Rogers mai banƙyama a cikin RKO Radio samar da Of Human Bondage (1934), fim din da aka yi wa littafin W. Somerset Maugham. Ya sami Davis babban yabo na farko, kodayake, ta hanyar jayayya, ba ta cikin wadanda aka zaba uku don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actress a wannan shekarar ba. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa sun ji tsoron yin wasan kwaikwayo marasa tausayi, kuma da yawa sun ki rawar, amma Davis ta kalli shi a matsayin damar nuna kewayon ƙwarewarta. Abokin aikinta, Leslie Howard, da farko ya yi watsi da ita, amma yayin da fim din ya ci gaba, halinsa ya canza, kuma daga baya ya yi magana sosai game da iyawarta.

Daraktan fim din, John Cromwell, ya ba ta 'yancin dangi. "Na bar Bette ta sami kanta. Na amince da halayenta. " Davis ta nace cewa za a nuna ta da gaske a wurin mutuwarta, kuma ta ce, "Matakan karshe na amfani, talauci, da sakaci ba su da kyau, kuma na yi niyyar zama mai gamsarwa. "[1]

Fim din ya yi nasara, kuma halayyar Davis ta sami yabo daga masu sukar, tare da Life rubuta cewa ta ba da "watakila mafi kyawun aikin da aka taɓa rubuta a allon ta wata 'yar wasan Amurka". [1] Davis ta yi tsammanin cewa karbar ta za ta karfafa Warner Bros. don jefa ta cikin matsayi mafi muhimmanci, kuma ta yi takaici lokacin da Jack L. Warner ya ki ba da ita ga Columbia Studios don bayyana a cikin It Happened One Night, kuma a maimakon haka ya jefa ta a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.[2] Lokacin da ba a zabi Davis ba don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Of Human Bondage, The Hollywood Citizen News ta yi tambaya game da watsi, kuma Norma Shearer, kanta mai gabatarwa, ta shiga kamfen don a zabi Davis. Wannan ya haifar da sanarwar daga shugaban Kwalejin, Howard Estabrook, wanda ya ce a karkashin yanayin, "kowane mai jefa kuri'a ... na iya rubuta a kan kuri'ar da ya zaɓa don masu nasara", don haka ya ba da damar, a lokaci guda a tarihin Kwalejin.[3] Rikicin ya haifar, duk da haka, ga canji a cikin hanyoyin jefa kuri'a na makarantar a shekara mai zuwa, inda aka ƙaddara gabatarwa ta hanyar kuri'u daga dukkan mambobin da suka cancanta na wani reshe, maimakon ta ƙaramin kwamiti, tare da sakamakon da aka tsara da kansa ta kamfanin lissafin kuɗi Price Waterhouse.[4][5] A shekara ta gaba, A Midsummer Night's Dream ya zama fim din da ya lashe kyautar Oscar, don Mafi kyawun Cinematography.[6]

A shekara ta gaba, aikinta a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai wahala a Dangerous (1935) ta sami kyakkyawan bita, kuma ta sauka Davis ta farko da aka zaba da kuma cin nasara. E. Arnot Robertson ya rubuta a cikin Picture Post cewa, "Ina tsammanin Bette Davis tabbas za a ƙone ta a matsayin maƙaryaci idan ta rayu shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku da suka gabata. Ta ba da jin dadi na cajin da iko wanda ba zai iya samun wata hanyar fita ta yau da kullun ba".[1] Jaridar New York Times ta yaba da ita a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa".[2] Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau don rawar, amma ta yi sharhi cewa an ba da izini ga Of Human Bondage, tana kiran kyautar "kyautar ta'aziyya".[3] A sauran rayuwarta, Davis ta ci gaba da cewa ta ba mutum-mutumi sanannen sunansa na "Oscar" saboda bayan sa yayi kama da na mijinta, wanda sunansa na tsakiya shine Oscar, kodayake, Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Motion a hukumance tana ambaton wani labari.[4][5][6]

A cikin fim dinta na gaba, The Petrified Forest (1936), Davis ta yi aiki tare da Leslie Howard da Humphrey Bogart . w3we4ew4w4w5h4

Shari'ar Warner Bros a kan Bette Davis

A cikin bazara na 1936, Davis ta nemi Warner Bros. ta ba da rancen ta ga RKO don yin Maryamu ta Scotland. Warner Bros. ta ki, kuma ta sanya Davis zuwa fina-finai biyu da aka rubuta musamman a gare ta: Allah's Country da Woman, da Mountain Justice . Koyaya, yayin da Ƙasar Allah da Mace ke shiga cikin samarwa, Davis ta ki yin aiki, kuma ta bukaci karuwar albashi a kwangilarta tare da Warner Bros. [1][2] A lokacin, Davis yana samun $ 1,250 a kowane mako. Jack Warner ya ba Davis karin albashi na $ 2,250 a kowane mako, wanda Davis ya ki. Wakilin Davis, Mike Levee, ya ce: "Yarinya ce mai taurin kai. Na tambaye ta yadda take so, kuma ta ce $ 3,500 a mako, tare da duk haƙƙin rediyo da izinin yin hotuna na waje. Na gaya mata, 'Whoa, wannan ya yi yawa!'"[3]

A halin yanzu, saboda kin Davis ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da God's County da Woman, Warner Bros. yana fuskantar farashi mai yawa saboda ana yin fim din a cikin Technicolor, kuma an hayar kyamarorin Technicololor.[1] A ƙarshen Yuni, ɗakin studio ya dakatar da Davis saboda ƙin aiki, kuma ya maye gurbin ta a cikin fim ɗin tare da Beverly Roberts.[2][3]

A lokacin tattaunawa tare da Warner Bros. game da albashinta da sanya hannu kan Davis don jagorancin mata a Danton, Davis ba zato ba tsammani ta yi tafiya zuwa Ingila tare da mijinta, Harmon Nelson, a kan "hutu". Koyaya, a Ingila, Davis ta sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kamfanin samar da fina-finai na Burtaniya Toplitz, don yin fim din I'll Take the Low Road a Ingila tare da Maurice Chevalier don albashi na $ 50,000.[1][2][3][4]

A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1936, Warner Brothers ta gabatar da umarni na doka a kan Davis a Ingila wanda ya hana ta fitowa a cikin fina-finai ba tare da yardarsu ba.[1] Yayinda take cin kasuwa a birnin Paris, Davis ta bayyana wa manema labarai a fili cewa ta yi niyyar ƙin umarnin Warner Bros kuma ta yi fim a Ingila.[2]

A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1936, kotun Birtaniya ta gudanar da zaman sauraren ƙara game da umarnin da ɗakin studio ya bayar kan Davis. Mista Justice Branson ya yanke hukunci a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, inda ya yanke hukunci a madadin Warner Bros. Alkali Branson ya yi watsi da ikirarin wakilin Davis cewa ita "bawa ce da ba a biya ta albashi mai yawa" da aka tsare a ƙarƙashin "daurin rai da rai", kuma ya yanke hukuncin cewa Davis ta karya yarjejeniyarta da Warner "ba tare da wani dalili da za a iya ganowa ba sai dai tana son ƙarin kuɗi". [1]

An umarci Davis da ya biya Warner Bros. $ 80,000 a cikin maidowa, [1] kuma an umarce shi da ya biya kuɗin shari'a na ɗakin karatu don gabatar da umarnin a Ingila. [2] Jaridar Burtaniya ta ba da goyon baya kadan ga Davis, suna kiranta da biyan kuɗi da yawa kuma ba ta da godiya.[3]

A shekarar 1943, jaruma Olivia de Havilland ta yi nasara a shari'ar da aka yi wa Warner Bros. game da tsawon lokacin da kwangilar studio za ta iya zama doka, wanda a lokacin ya kasance shekaru bakwai. [1] A shekarunta na baya, Davis ta yi iƙirarin ƙarya a cikin hirarraki cewa ta kafa hanyar samun nasarar shari'a ta de Havilland; duk da haka, wannan ba daidai ba ne. Umarnin da Warner ta yi a 1936 kan Davis ya kasance saboda yunƙurinta na karya kwangilarta ta yin aiki a wani kamfanin samar da kayayyaki ba bisa ƙa'ida ba saboda ita da Warners suna da rashin jituwa kan albashi, kuma ba shi da kama da shari'ar shari'a ta de Havilland. [2]

1937-1941: Nasara tare da Warner Bros.

Davis a cikin Jezebel (1938)

A shekara ta 1937, Davis ta fito tare da Humphrey Bogart a cikin Marked Woman, wasan kwaikwayo na zamani wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar Lucky Luciano, da fim din da aka dauka a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a farkon aikinta. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Volpi a bikin fina-finai na Venice na 1937 saboda rawar da ta taka.[1]

Hoton Davis na kyakkyawar kyakkyawar Kudancin 1850 a cikin Jezebel (1938) ya ba ta lambar yabo ta biyu ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau. Wannan shi ne karo na farko na shekaru biyar a jere inda ta sami kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau. A lokacin samarwa, Davis ya shiga dangantaka da darektan William Wyler . Daga baya ta bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙaunar rayuwata", kuma ta ce yin fim tare da shi shine "lokaci a rayuwata na cikakkiyar farin ciki".[1] Fim din ya yi nasara.

Hoton talla (1939)

Wannan ya haifar da hasashe a cikin manema labarai cewa za a zaba ta don yin wasa da Scarlett O'Hara, irin wannan hali, a cikin Gone with the Wind . Davis ta bayyana sha'awarta ta buga Scarlett, kuma yayin da David O. Selznick ke gudanar da bincike ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don taka rawar, binciken rediyo ya kira ta a matsayin mai sauraro da aka fi so. Warner ta ba da hidimarta ga Selznick a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar da ta haɗa da Errol Flynn da Olivia de Havilland, amma Selznick bai ɗauki Davis a matsayin mai dacewa ba, kuma ya ƙi tayin.[1] Davis, a gefe guda, ba ya son Flynn ya zama Rhett Butler. An jefa sabon mai suna Vivien Leigh a matsayin Scarlett O'Hara, de Havilland ya taka rawa a matsayin Melanie, kuma an zabi su biyu don Oscars, tare da Leigh ya lashe.

Jezebel ta nuna farkon nasarar da ta fi samu a cikin aikin Davis, kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, an jera ta a cikin Quigley Poll na shekara-shekara na Top Ten Money-Making Stars, wanda aka tattara daga kuri'un masu nuna fina-finai a duk faɗin Amurka don taurari waɗanda suka samar da mafi yawan kudaden shiga a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayon su a shekarar da ta gabata.[1]

Ya bambanta da nasarar Davis, mijinta Ham Nelson ya kasa kafa aiki ga kansa, kuma dangantakarsu ta lalace. A cikin 1938, Nelson ya sami shaidar cewa Davis ta shiga cikin jima'i da Howard Hughes, kuma daga baya ya shigar da karar saki, yana mai ambaton "mummunan hali da rashin mutunci" na Davis.[1]

Davis tare da Errol Flynn a cikin Rayuwar Elizabeth da Essex (1939)

Davis ta yi farin ciki yayin yin fim dinta na gaba, Dark Victory (1939), kuma ta yi la'akari da barin shi har sai mai gabatarwa Hal B. Wallis ya shawo kanta ta yi amfani da fidda rai a cikin aikinta. Fim din ya kasance daga cikin fina-finai masu yawa na shekara, kuma rawar da Judith Traherne, magaji mai himma da ke fama da mummunar ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa, ya kawo mata gabatarwa ta Kwalejin Kwalejin. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Davis ta ambaci wannan wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin abin da ta fi so.[1] Dark Victory ya nuna Ronald Reagan da Humphrey Bogart a matsayin tallafi.

Davis ya bayyana a wasu lokuta uku a cikin 1939: Tsohon Maid tare da Miriam Hopkins, Juarez tare da Paul Muni, da kuma The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex tare da Errol Flynn . Na karshe shi ne fim dinta na farko, kuma fim dinta kawai da aka yi a lokacin da take da matsayi. Don yin wasa da tsohuwar Elizabeth I ta Ingila, Davis ta aske gashin kanta da gashin ido. A lokacin yin fim, dan wasan kwaikwayo Charles Laughton ya ziyarci Davis a kan saiti. Ta yi sharhi cewa tana da "tsinkaye" tana wasa da mace a cikin shekaru 60, wanda Laughton ya amsa: "Kada ku yi ƙarfin hali ku rataye kanka. Wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za ku girma a cikin sana'arku. Dole ne ku ci gaba da gwada abubuwan da kuke tsammani sun wuce ku, ko kuma ku shiga cikin cikakkiyar rut. " Da yake tunawa da lamarin shekaru da yawa daga baya, Davis ta ce shawarar Laughton ta rinjayi ta a duk lokacin da aikinta. [1]

Davis tare da Spencer Tracy a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Academy Awards na 1939

A wannan lokacin, Davis ya kasance Warner Bros.' tauraruwa mafi riba, kuma an ba ta mafi mahimmancin matsayinsu na jagoranci mata. An yi la'akari da hotonta da ƙarin kulawa; ko da yake ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani, an yi ta yin fim a cikin kurkusa da ke jaddada fitattun idanunta. Duk Wannan, da Heaven Too (1940) shine fim ɗin da ya fi nasara a harkar kuɗi na aikin Davis har zuwa wannan lokacin.

The Letter (1940) was considered "one of the best pictures of the year" by The Hollywood Reporter, and Davis won admiration for her portrayal of an adulterous killer, a role originated onstage by Katharine Cornell.[1] During this time, she was in a relationship with her former co-star George Brent, who proposed marriage. Davis refused, as she had met Arthur Farnsworth, a New England innkeeper, and Vermont dentist's son. Davis and Farnsworth were married at Home Ranch, in Rimrock, Arizona, in December 1940, her second marriage.[2]

Davis sau da yawa ya buga haruffa marasa kyau kamar Regina Giddens a cikin The Little Foxes (1941).

A watan Janairun 1941, Davis ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya, amma ta yi adawa da mambobin kwamitin tare da halin da take da shi da kuma shawarwari masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Davis ta ki amincewa da ra'ayin cewa ita "wani mutum ne kawai". Da yake fuskantar rashin amincewa da juriya na kwamitin, Davis ta yi murabus, kuma wanda ya riga ta Walter Wanger ya gaje ta.[1]

Davis ta fito a fina-finai uku a 1941, na farko shine The Great Lie, tare da George Brent . Matsayi ne mai ban sha'awa ga Davis yayin da ta taka rawar kirki, mai tausayi.

William Wyler ya ba da umarnin Davis a karo na uku a cikin Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes (1941), amma sun yi karo da halin Regina Giddens, rawar da Tallulah Bankhead ya taka a Broadway (Davis ya nuna a fim rawar da Bankhead ya fara a kan mataki sau ɗaya kafin - a cikin Dark Victory). – Wyler ta karfafa Davis ta yi koyi da fassarar Bankhead game da rawar, amma Davis ta so ta sanya rawar kanta. Ta sake samun lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don aikinta, kuma ba ta sake aiki tare da Wyler ba.[1]

1942-1944: Shekaru na Yaƙi

A shekara ta 1943, Davis ta gaya wa wani mai tambayoyin cewa ta tsara aikin fim dinta a kan ka'idarta, "Ina son bala'i," kuma abin mamaki, har zuwa Pearl Harbor, an gane ta a matsayin ƙaunatacciyar Amurka ta masu kallon fina-finai na Japan - saboda a gare su, ta " wakilci ƙa'idar ban sha'awa ta sadaukar da kai".[1]

A cikin 1942, yawancin mambobin masana'antar nishaɗi ta Hollywood sun haɗu da karfi don kafa Hollywood Canteen . [1] Davis da John Garfield sune masu motsawa waɗanda aka yaba da shirya kantin abinci, tare da taimakon ƙungiyoyi 42 da ƙungiyoyi a cikin masana'antar, tare da dubban masu sa kai daga Kwamitin Nasara na Hollywood da bayan haka.[2][3][4] Canteen ya ba da abinci, rawa da nishaɗi ga ma'aikata kuma mambobin masana'antar nishaɗi ne suka yi aiki da shi. Davis ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Canteen har zuwa karshen yakin.[5][6][7] A shekara ta 1983, Davis ta sami lambar yabo ta Distinguished Civilian Service daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro saboda aikinta tare da Hollywood Canteen . [8]

Ta bayyana a matsayin kanta a cikin fim din Hollywood Canteen (1944), wanda ya yi amfani da kantin abinci a matsayin wurin zama don labarin almara. Warner Bros. ya ba da gudummawar kashi 40% na kuɗin da aka samu daga fim ɗin ga duka Hollywood Canteen da Stage Door Canteen a Manhattan.[1][2]

Davis ta nuna ƙarancin sha'awa ga rawar da Charlotte Vale ta taka a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo Now, Voyager (1942), har sai Hal Wallis ya shawarce ta cewa masu sauraron mata suna buƙatar wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya don janye hankalinsu daga gaskiyar rayuwarsu. Ya zama daya daga cikin sanannun "hotunan mata". A daya daga cikin al'amuran da aka fi koyi da su a fim din, Paul Henreid ya kunna sigari biyu yayin da yake kallon idanun Davis, kuma ya ba ta daya. Masu bita na fina-finai sun yaba wa Davis game da aikinta, Hukumar Bincike ta Kasa ta yi sharhi cewa ta ba fim din "girmamawa da ba ta da cikakken tabbacin rubutun".[1] Ta sami gabatarwa ta bakwai ta Oscar don Yanzu, Voyager .

Davis a Yanzu, Voyager (1942), daya daga cikin rawar da ta fi sani

A farkon shekarun 1940, yawancin zaɓin fina-finai na Davis ya rinjayi yakin, kamar Watch on the Rhine (1943), na Lillian Hellman, da Thank Your Lucky Stars (1943), wani wasan kwaikwayo na tauraron kiɗa. Davis ya yi waƙar sabo, "Sun kasance Matasa ko Tsofaffi".

Tsohon Abokin Hulɗa (1943) ya sake haɗa ta da Miriam Hopkins a cikin wani labari na tsoffin abokai biyu waɗanda suka magance rikice-rikicen da aka haifar lokacin da ɗayansu ya zama marubuciyar marubuci mai nasara. Davis ya ji cewa Hopkins ya yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukaka ta a duk tsawon fim ɗin. Darakta Vincent Sherman ya tuna da tsananin gasa da ƙiyayya tsakanin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo biyu, kuma Davis sau da yawa yana yin barkwanci cewa ba ta riƙe komai a wani yanayi da aka buƙaci ta girgiza Hopkins cikin fushi ba.

A watan Agustan 1943, mijin Davis, Arthur Farnsworth, ya fadi yayin da yake tafiya a kan titin Hollywood kuma ya mutu bayan kwana biyu. Binciken gawa ya nuna cewa faduwarsa ya faru ne saboda karyewar kwanyar da ya sha makonni biyu da suka gabata bayan ya fadi da gangan daga tsalle-tsalle.[1] An sami binciken mutuwar haɗari. Da yake damuwa sosai, Davis ta yi ƙoƙari ta janye daga fim dinta na gaba Mr. Skeffington (1944), amma Jack Warner, wanda ya dakatar da samarwa bayan mutuwar Farnsworth, ya rinjayi ta ci gaba. Kodayake ta sami suna saboda kasancewa mai gaskiya da buƙata, an ce halinta yayin yin fim na Mista Skeffington ba daidai ba ne kuma ba shi da halin kirki. Ta ware Vincent Sherman ta hanyar ƙin yin fim da wasu al'amuran kuma ta nace cewa a sake gina wasu shirye-shirye. Ta yi tattaunawa, wanda ya sa marubucin Julius Epstein ya sake rubuta al'amuran da yake so. Davis daga baya ta bayyana ayyukanta tare da lura "Lokacin da na fi jin daɗi, na yi kuka maimakon yin kuka. " Wasu masu bita sun soki Davis saboda yawan aikinta; James Agee ya rubuta cewa ta "nuna tsoratar da son kai a kan sikelin marathonic". [2] Duk da waɗannan sake dubawa, Mista Skeffington wani ofishin akwatin ya buga kuma ya sami Davis wani gabatarwa na Kwalejin Kwalejin.[3][4]

1945–1949: Matsalolin aiki

A cikin Masara ita ce Green (1945)

A shekarar 1945, Davis ta auri mai zane William Grant Sherry, mijinta na uku, wanda shi ma yake aiki a matsayin mai gyaran fuska. Ta shaƙu da shi saboda ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai taɓa jin labarinta ba don haka bai tsorata ta ba. [1]

A wannan shekarar, Davis ya yi The Corn Is Green (1945), bisa ga wasan da Emlyn Williams ya yi. Davis ta buga Miss Moffat, malamin Ingilishi wanda ya ceci wani matashi mai hakar ma'adinai na Welsh (John Dall) daga rayuwa a cikin rami ta hanyar ba shi ilimi. Ethel Barrymore (wanda ke da shekaru 61 a farkon wasan) ne ya buga wannan bangare a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, amma Warner Bros. ya ji cewa fim din ya kamata ya nuna halin a matsayin matashiyar mace. Davis ba ta yarda ba, kuma ta dage kan yin rawar kamar yadda aka rubuta, kuma tana sanye da gashi mai launin toka da padding a ƙarƙashin tufafinta, don ƙirƙirar bayyanar da ba ta da kyau.[1] Mai sukar E. Arnot Robertson ya lura:

Even the most inconsiderable film ... seemed temporarily better than they were because of that precise, nervy voice, the pale ash-blond hair, the popping, neurotic eyes, a kind of corrupt and phosphorescent prettiness ... I would rather watch Miss Davis than any number of competent pictures.

Ta kammala da cewa "fassarar da ta dage kan bayarwa" ta mayar da hankali kan "farin cikin malamar wajen ba da ilimi". [1] Fim ɗin ya sami karbuwa sosai daga masu suka, kuma ya sami ribar dala miliyan 2.2. [2]

Fim ɗinta na gaba, A Stolen Life (1946), shine fim ɗaya tilo da Davis ta yi tare da kamfanin shirya fina-finai nata, BD Productions. [1] Davis ta taka rawar tagwaye biyu. Fim ɗin ya sami sharhi mara kyau, kuma Bosley Crowther ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani fim mai cike da abubuwan ban tsoro"; [2] amma, tare da ribar dala miliyan 2.5, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ta samu a ofishin talla. [3] Fim ɗinta na gaba shine Deception (1946), fim ɗinta na farko da ta rasa kuɗi. [4] A shekarar 1947, tana da shekaru 39, Davis ta haifi 'ya mace Barbara Davis Sherry (wanda aka sani da BD), kuma daga baya ta rubuta a cikin tarihin rayuwarta cewa ta shagaltu da zama uwa kuma tana tunanin kawo ƙarshen aikinta. Duk da haka, yayin da take ci gaba da yin fina-finai, dangantakarta da 'yarta BD ta fara tabarbarewa, kuma shahararta a wurin masu kallo ta ragu sosai. [5]

Fim ɗin Beyond the Forest (1949) shine fim na ƙarshe da Davis ya yi wa Warner Bros. bayan shekaru 17 da ya yi tare da studio.

A shekarar 1948, an zaɓi Davis a cikin shirin " Tsaftace Lokacin Zama na Lokacin Zama ". Duk da cewa da farko ta kasance mai himma, ba da daɗewa ba ta fahimci cewa Warner ta shirya amfani da haske mai "sauƙi" don ɓoye shekarunta. Ta tuna cewa ta ga irin wannan fasahar haske "a kan saitin Ruth Chatterton da Kay Francis, kuma na san ma'anarsu". [1] Abin da ya ƙara mata takaici shi ne, ba ta da kwarin gwiwa game da iyawar babban jaruminta - James Davis a cikin babban rawar da ya taka a fim. Ta ƙi amincewa da canje-canjen da aka yi wa rubutun saboda ƙuntatawa na hana yin amfani da fim, kuma ta gano cewa an yanke yawancin ɓangarorin rawar da ta fara jan hankalinta. Bosley Crowther ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "wanda ba zai iya ƙarewa ba", kuma ya lura cewa "daga cikin duk matsalolin da Miss Davis ta shiga ciki...wannan wataƙila shine mafi muni". Ya gaza a ofishin akwatin, kuma ɗakin studio ya rasa kusan dala miliyan 1. [2]

A lokacin da take yin fim ɗin June Bride (1948), Davis ya yi karo da abokin aikinsa Robert Montgomery, inda daga baya ya kwatanta shi da " Miriam Hopkins namiji ... jarumi mai kyau, amma mai son satar bayanai". [1] Fim ɗin ya zama barkwancinta na farko cikin shekaru da dama, kuma ya sa ta sami wasu ra'ayoyi masu kyau, amma bai yi fice sosai a tsakanin masu kallo ba, kuma ya kawo ƙaramin riba.

Duk da rashin kyawun takardun shaidar shiga harkar fim daga fina-finanta na baya-bayan nan, a shekarar 1949, ta yi shawarwari kan kwangilar fina-finai hudu da Warner Bros. wadda ke biyan dala $10,285 a kowane mako kuma ta sanya ta zama mace mafi albashi mafi girma a Amurka. [1] Duk da haka, Jack Warner ya ƙi amincewa da takardar shaidarta, kuma ya saka ta a fim ɗin Beyond the Forest (1949). An ruwaito cewa Davis ya ƙi rubutun kuma ya roƙi Warner da ya sake yin fim ɗin, amma ya ƙi. Bayan kammala fim ɗin, an girmama buƙatarta ta a sake shi daga kwangilarta.

Sharhin fim ɗin ya kasance abin ban haushi. Dorothy Manners, wacce ke rubutu a Los Angeles Examiner, ta bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "ƙarshen abin takaici ga aikinta mai ban sha'awa". [1] Hedda Hopper ta rubuta: "Da ace Bette ta yi niyyar lalata aikinta da gangan, da ba za ta iya zaɓar wata mota da ta fi dacewa ba." [2] Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi layin "What a dump!", wanda ya zama alaƙa da Davis bayan an ambaci shi a cikin fim ɗin Edward Albee mai suna Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, kuma masu kwaikwayon fim ɗin sun fara amfani da shi a cikin ayyukansu. Arthur Blake fitacciyar mace ce mai kwaikwayon fim bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu wadda aka san ta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Bette Davis; musamman tana kwaikwayon ta a cikin fim ɗin Diplomatic Courier na 1952. [3]

1949–1960: Fara aikin sa kai

Davis yana fitowa a matsayin Margo Channing a cikin wani hoton talla na All About Eve (1950): An ɗauki hotonta tare da Gary Merrill, wanda aka aura daga 1950 zuwa 1960 (mijinta na huɗu, kuma na ƙarshe).

Davis ya ɗauki fim ɗin The Story of a Divorce (wanda RKO Radio Pictures ta fitar a shekarar 1951 a matsayin Payment on Demand ). Ta taka rawar a matsayin tauraro a Broadway a cikin All About Eve (1950), wanda ya sake ba ta lambar yabo ta Oscar kuma ya lashe kyautar Cannes Film Festival don Mafi Kyawun Jaruma . Davis ya karanta rubutun, ya bayyana shi a matsayin mafi kyawun abin da ta taɓa karantawa, kuma ya karɓi rawar. Cikin 'yan kwanaki, ta shiga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a San Francisco don fara yin fim. A lokacin shirya fim, ta kafa abin da ya zama abota ta har abada da abokiyar aikinta Anne Baxter da kuma dangantaka ta soyayya da babban jaruminta Gary Merrill, wanda ya kai ga aure. Daga baya daraktan fim ɗin Joseph L. Mankiewicz ya ce: "Bette ta cika da haruffa. Ta cika da haruffa. Mafarkin daraktan: jarumar da ta shirya." [1]

Masu suka sun mayar da martani mai kyau ga wasan kwaikwayon Davis, kuma wasu daga cikin labaranta sun shahara, musamman "Ku ɗaure bel ɗinku, zai zama dare mai wahala". An sake zaɓe ta don lambar yabo ta Academy Award, kuma masu suka kamar Gene Ringgold sun bayyana Margo ɗinta a matsayin "mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayonta a kowane lokaci". [1] Pauline Kael ta rubuta cewa yawancin hangen nesa na Mankiewicz na "gidan wasan kwaikwayo" "ba shi da ma'ana", amma ta yaba wa Davis, tana rubuta "[fim ɗin] an cece shi ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo ɗaya wanda shine ainihin abin: Bette Davis tana cikin mafi kyawun yanayi da tabbaci. Jarumarta - mai girman kai, mai tsoro, mace wacce ta yi nisa a cikin martaninta da motsin zuciyarta - tana sa komai ya zama mai rai." [2] Davis ta lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jaruma daga bikin fina-finai na Cannes, da kuma kyautar New York Film Critics Circle Award . Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Jaruma, bayan sun naɗa ta a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Jaruma ta 1949 don Beyond the Forest . A wannan lokacin, an gayyace ta ta bar zanen hannunta a gaban ginin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasar Sin na Grauman . [3]

A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1950, an kammala sakin Davis da William Sherry, kuma a ranar 28 ga Yuli, ta auri Gary Merrill, mijinta na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe. Da yardar Sherry, Merrill ta ɗauki BD, 'yar Davis tare da Sherry. A watan Janairun 1951, Davis da Merrill sun ɗauki jaririya 'yar kwana biyar da suka sanya wa suna Margot Mosher Merrill (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1951 - ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2022), [1] [2] [3] bayan halin Margo Channing. A shekarar 1952, sun ɗauki jaririya, Michael (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1952). [4] Davis da Merrill suna zaune tare da 'ya'yansu uku a wani fili a bakin tekun Cape Elizabeth, Maine . (Davis da Merrill suma sun zauna a Homewood Inn da ke Yarmouth, Maine, na tsawon watanni shida.) [5] Bayan ta yi ritaya a tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Davis ta sake fitowa a fina-finai da dama a lokacin da take a Maine, ciki har da The Virgin Queen (1955), inda ta taka rawar Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Ɗaya . [6]

Iyalan sun yi tafiya zuwa Ingila, inda Davis da Merrill suka fito a fim ɗin Another Man's Poison (1951) mai cike da sirrin kisan kai. Lokacin da aka yi sharhi mai zafi kuma ya gaza a ofishin talla, marubutan Hollywood sun rubuta cewa dawowar Davis ta yi ƙasa, kuma zaɓen Oscar na Academy don The Star (1952) bai dakatar da raguwar da ta yi a ofishin talla ba. [1]

A shekarar 1952, Davis ta fito a cikin Broadway Revue Two's Company, wanda Jules Dassin ya jagoranta. Ba ta jin daɗin yin aiki a waje da fannin da ta ƙware a kai; ba ta taɓa zama mai yin waƙa ba, kuma ƙarancin ƙwarewarta a wasan kwaikwayo ya wuce shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Ita ma tana da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, kuma an yi mata tiyata don osteomyelitis na muƙamuƙi. [1] An gano cewa Margot ta lalace sosai a kwakwalwa saboda raunin da ta samu a lokacin ko jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarta. Duk da cewa Davis ta yi ƙoƙarin kula da Margot, [2] daga ƙarshe ta sanya 'yarta a wani asibiti kusan shekara 3. [3] Davis da Merrill sun fara jayayya akai-akai, kuma BD daga baya ya tuna da abubuwan da suka faru na shan barasa da tashin hankali a gida. [4]

Kadan daga cikin fina-finan Davis na shekarun 1950 sun yi nasara, kuma yawancin wasanninta sun fuskanci suka daga masu suka. Jaridar Hollywood Reporter ta rubuta game da halaye "da za ku yi tsammanin samu a cikin kwaikwayon [Davis] a wani gidan rawa", yayin da mai sukar London Richard Winner ya rubuta

Miss Davis, with more say than most stars as to what films she makes, seems to have lapsed into egoism. The criterion for her choice of film would appear to be that nothing must compete with the full display of each facet of the Davis art. Only bad films are good enough for her.

Fina-finanta na wannan lokacin sun haɗa da Storm Center (1956) da The Catered Affair (1956). Yayin da aikinta ya ragu, aurenta ya ci gaba da tabarbarewa har sai da ta shigar da ƙarar saki a shekarar 1960. A shekara mai zuwa, mahaifiyarta ta mutu. A lokaci guda, ta gwada talabijin, inda ta fito a cikin shirye-shirye uku na shahararren NBC Western Wagon Train a matsayin jarumai uku daban-daban a shekarar 1959 da 1961; fitowarta ta farko a talabijin ita ce ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1956, a General Electric Theatre . [1]

A shekarar 1960, Davis, wacce ta yi rijista a jam'iyyar Democrat, ta bayyana a taron jam'iyyar Democrat na shekarar 1960 a Los Angeles, inda ta hadu da shugaban kasa na gaba John F. Kennedy, wanda ta yaba sosai. [1] Banda aikin kwaikwayo da siyasa, Davis ta kasance mai himma da kuma aiki a matsayin Bishop . [2]

1961–1970: An sabunta nasara

Davis ta sami kyautar Academy Award ta ƙarshe saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin "Baby Jane" Hudson a cikin fim ɗin What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962).

A shekarar 1961, Davis ya fara fitowa a cikin shirin Broadway The Night of the Iguana, inda aka fi mayar da hankali kan fina-finai marasa inganci, kuma ya bar shirin bayan watanni huɗu saboda "rashin lafiya mai tsanani". Daga nan ta haɗu da Glenn Ford da Hope Lange don fim ɗin Frank Capra Pocketful of Miracles (1961), wani sabon fim ɗin Capra na 1933, Lady for a Day, wanda ya dogara ne akan wani labari na Damon Runyon . Masu baje kolin sun nuna rashin amincewa da tayin da tauraruwarta ta yi domin sun yi la'akari da cewa zai yi mummunan tasiri ga wasan kwaikwayo na ofishin akwatin, kuma duk da bayyanar Ford, fim ɗin ya gaza a ofishin akwatin akwatin. [1]

An zaɓe ta a matsayin wacce ta lashe kyautar Oscar a fim ɗin Grand Guignol mai ban tsoro What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), wanda kuma Joan Crawford ta fito a ciki. Crawford ta nuna sha'awar rubutun kuma ta ɗauki Davis a matsayin Jane. Davis ta yi imanin cewa zai iya jan hankalin masu kallo waɗanda suka yi nasara a kwanan nan a fim ɗin Alfred Hitchcock na Psycho (1960). Ta yi shawarwari kan yarjejeniyar da za ta biya ta kashi 10 cikin 100 na ribar da ta samu a duniya ban da albashinta. Fim ɗin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da aka samu a shekarar. [1]

Davis da Crawford sun fito a matsayin 'yan'uwa mata biyu da suka tsufa, ɗaya tsohuwar tauraruwar yara (Davis) ɗayan kuma ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce (Crawford) waɗanda yanayi ya tilasta musu su raba wani babban gida na Hollywood da ya lalace. Daraktan, Robert Aldrich, ya bayyana cewa Davis da Crawford kowannensu ya san muhimmancin fim ɗin ga ayyukansu. Ko da kuwa yadda suke ji game da junansu, Davis da Crawford sun yi magana sosai game da baiwar wasan kwaikwayo ta junansu. Crawford ya ce Davis "jarumi ne mai ban sha'awa" amma ba su taɓa zama abokai ba domin suna aiki ne kawai a wannan fim ɗaya tare kuma suna da ƙarancin damammaki a wajen wannan ƙungiyar. Davis ya kuma ce Crawford 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce mai kyau, ƙwararriya. Duk da zargin "rikicin," Crawford ya tallata rawar Davis sosai. Crawford ya shaida wa ɗan jarida Wayne Allen, "Zan yi hasashen nan da yanzu cewa Miss Davis za ta lashe kyautar Oscar saboda hakan." [1] An mayar da takaddamarsu da ake zargin ta koma jerin fina-finai na 2017 Feud ta Ryan Murphy . [2]

Davis ta kuma sami takarar BAFTA guda ɗaya tilo da ta samu don wannan wasan kwaikwayo. 'Yar Barbara (wanda aka amince da ita a matsayin BD Merrill) ta taka rawa kaɗan a fim ɗin, kuma lokacin da ita da Davis suka ziyarci bikin fina-finai na Cannes don tallata shi, Barbara ta haɗu da Jeremy Hyman, wani babban jami'i a Seven Arts Productions . Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na soyayya, ta auri Hyman tana da shekaru 16, tare da izinin Davis.

Davis da William Hopper a cikin shirin Perry Mason mai suna " The Case of Constant Doyle " (1963)

A watan Oktoban 1962, an sanar da cewa shirye-shirye guda huɗu na shirin CBS-TV Perry Mason zai ƙunshi taurarin baƙi na musamman waɗanda za su yi fim ɗin Raymond Burr a lokacin da yake murmurewa daga tiyata. Davis, wanda yake mai sha'awar Perry Mason, shi ne na farko daga cikin taurarin baƙi. " The Case of Constant Doyle " ya fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1962, kuma ya fito a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1963.

A shekarar 1962, Davis ya fito a matsayin Celia Miller a shirin talabijin na yammacin The Virginian a cikin shirin mai taken "The Accomplice."

A watan Satumba na 1962, Davis ta sanya wani talla a cikin Variety a ƙarƙashin taken "Situations want - women artists", wanda ya karanta: "Uwar 'ya'ya uku - 10, 11, & 15 - saki. Ba'amurke. Shekaru talatin na gogewa a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Motion Pictures. Har yanzu tana aiki a wayar hannu, kuma ta fi jin daɗin rayuwa fiye da jita-jita. Tana son aiki mai ɗorewa a Hollywood. (Tana da Broadway.)" Davis ta ce ta yi niyyar hakan a matsayin wasa, kuma ta ci gaba da dawowa cikin shekaru da yawa.

Dead Ringer (1964) wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na laifuka inda ta fito a matsayin 'yan'uwa mata tagwaye. Fim ɗin an yi shi ne a Amurka ta hanyar fim ɗin La Otra na Mexico, wanda Dolores del Río ta fito a ciki. Where Love Has Gone (1964) wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya wanda aka gina shi bisa ga wani labari na Harold Robbins . Davis ya fito a matsayin mahaifiyar Susan Hayward, amma yin fim ɗin ya samu cikas sakamakon muhawara mai zafi tsakanin Davis da Hayward.

Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964) ita ce ta biyo bayan Robert Aldrich game da What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? . Aldrich ya yi niyyar sake haɗa Davis da Crawford, amma na biyun ya janye saboda rashin lafiya jim kaɗan bayan an fara ɗaukar fim ɗin. An maye gurbinta da Olivia de Havilland. Fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai, kuma ya jawo hankali ga tsoffin 'yan wasansa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Joseph Cotten, Mary Astor, Agnes Moorehead, da Cecil Kellaway .

A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓi Davis a matsayin jagora a cikin wani shirin Aaron Spelling, The Decorator . An ɗauki wani shiri na gwaji, amma ba a nuna shi ba, kuma an dakatar da aikin. A ƙarshen shekaru goma, Davis ta fito a cikin fina-finan Burtaniya The Nanny (1965), The Anniversary (1968), da Connecting Rooms (1970), babu ɗayansu da aka yi nazari sosai, kuma aikinta ya sake tsayawa.

1971–1983: Daga baya aiki

Davis a cikin The Scientific Cardplayer (1972)

A farkon shekarun 1970, an gayyaci Davis ya fito a birnin New York a wani shiri mai taken Great Ladies of the American Cinema . Fiye da dare biyar a jere, wata tauraruwa mace daban ta tattauna aikinta, kuma ta amsa tambayoyi daga masu sauraro; Myrna Loy, Rosalind Russell, Lana Turner, Sylvia Sidney, da Joan Crawford su ne sauran mahalarta. Davis ya samu karbuwa sosai, kuma an gayyace shi ya ziyarci Ostiraliya tare da Bette Davis mai taken iri ɗaya a cikin mutum da kuma a kan fim ; nasarar da ya samu ta ba ta damar ɗaukar shirin zuwa Burtaniya.

A shekarar 1972, Davis ya taka rawa a fina-finai biyu na talabijin waɗanda kowannensu aka yi niyya don su zama matukin jirgi a shirye-shiryen ABC da NBC masu zuwa, wato Madame Sin, tare da Robert Wagner, da The Judge da Jake Wyler, tare da Doug McClure da Joan Van Ark, amma a kowane hali, cibiyar sadarwar ta yanke shawarar kin shirya wani shiri.

Ta fito a cikin shirin Miss Moffat, wani shiri na kiɗa na fim ɗinta mai suna The Corn Is Green, amma bayan da masu sukar shirin na Philadelphia suka yi ta baza jita-jita a lokacin da ake shirin kafin a fara shirin Broadway, ta ambaci cewa tana da rauni a baya, kuma ta yi watsi da shirin, wanda aka rufe nan take.

Ta taka rawar gani a fim ɗin Luigi Comencini mai suna Lo Scopone scientifico (1972) tare da Joseph Cotten da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Italiya Alberto Sordi da Silvana Mangano ; Burnt Offerings (1976), wani fim na Dan Curtis, wanda ta lashe kyautar Best Supporting Actress a Saturn Awards ; da kuma The Disappearance of Aimee (1976); amma ta yi karo da Karen Black da Faye Dunaway, taurarin fina-finai biyu na ƙarshe, saboda ta ji cewa babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ya ba ta girmamawa da ta dace kuma halayensu a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai ba su da ƙwarewa.

Davis (hagu) da Elizabeth Taylor a ƙarshen shekarar 1981 a lokacin wani wasan kwaikwayo na murnar rayuwar Taylor

A shekarar 1977, Davis ta zama mace ta farko da ta sami kyautar nasara ta rayuwa ta Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Amurka. Taron da aka watsa ta talabijin ya haɗa da tsokaci daga abokan aikin Davis da dama, ciki har da William Wyler, wanda ya yi barkwanci cewa idan aka ba shi dama, Davis har yanzu yana son sake ɗaukar wani abu daga The Letter wanda Davis ya gyada kai. Jane Fonda, Henry Fonda, Natalie Wood, da Olivia de Havilland suna cikin masu wasan kwaikwayo da suka yaba, inda de Havilland ya yi tsokaci cewa Davis "ya sami rawar da nake so koyaushe".

Bayan watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin, ta sake samun kanta a cikin buƙata, sau da yawa tana buƙatar zaɓar tsakanin tayi da dama. Ta karɓi mukamai a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin mai suna The Dark Secret of Harvest Home (1978) da kuma fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo Death on the Nile (1978), wani sirrin kisan kai na Agatha Christie . Mafi yawan ayyukanta da suka rage sun kasance na talabijin. Ta lashe kyautar Emmy Award for Strangers: The Story of a Mother and Daughter (1979) tare da Gena Rowlands, kuma an zaɓe ta saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin White Mama (1980) da Little Gloria... Happy at Last (1982). Ta kuma taka rawa a cikin fina-finan Disney Return from Witch Mountain (1978) da The Watcher in the Woods (1980).

Sunan Davis ya shahara ga matasa masu sauraro lokacin da waƙar Kim Carnes mai suna " Bette Davis Eyes " (wanda Donna Weiss da Jackie DeShannon suka rubuta) ta zama shahararriyar waƙa a duk duniya kuma mafi kyawun rikodin 1981 a Amurka, inda ta kasance a matsayi na ɗaya a jadawalin waƙoƙin fiye da watanni biyu. Jikan Davis ya yi mamakin cewa ita ce waƙar da aka fi so kuma Davis ya ɗauke ta a matsayin yabo, yana rubuta wa Carnes da mawakan waƙa, kuma ya karɓi kyautar rikodin zinare da platinum daga Carnes, ya kuma rataye su a bango.

Ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a talabijin, inda ta fito a cikin Family Reunion (1981) tare da jikanta J. Ashley Hyman, A Piano for Mrs. Cimino (1982), wanda hakan ya ba ta damar lashe kyautar Best Actress Award a The Monte Carlo Television Festival, da Right of Way (1983) tare da James Stewart . A shekarar 1983, an ba ta kyautar Women in Film Crystal Award.

1983–1989: Rashin lafiya, kyaututtuka, da ayyukan ƙarshe

Aikinta ya sha wahala a lokutan da suka gabata, amma duk da rashin lafiya mai tsawo, ta ci gaba da yin fina-finai da talabijin har zuwa lokacin da ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar mama a shekarar 1989. Ta yarda cewa nasararta sau da yawa ta dogara ne akan asarar dangantakarta ta sirri. Ta yi aure sau huɗu, ta saki uku kuma ta zama bazawara sau ɗaya. Ta renon 'ya'yanta galibi a matsayin iyaye ɗaya tilo.

Fayil:BetteDavisTheWhalesofAugust.jpg

Davis (mai shekaru 79) ta kammala rawar da ta taka a fim ɗin The Whales of August (1987), wanda ya jawo mata yabo a lokacin da take cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin lafiya da kuma rauni a jikinta.

A shekarar 1983, bayan ɗaukar shirin gwaji na shirin talabijin na Otal, an gano cewa Davis na da cutar kansar mama kuma an yi mata tiyatar cire nono . Cikin makonni biyu da tiyatar, ta yi fama da bugun jini sau huɗu wanda ya haifar da gurgunta a gefen hagu na fuskarta da kuma hannun hagunta, kuma ya bar ta da magana mara kyau. Ta fara dogon lokaci na jiyya ta jiki, kuma tare da taimakon mataimakiyarta Kathryn Sermak ta sami sauƙi daga gurguntawar. Ko da a ƙarshen rayuwa, Davis yana shan sigari 100 a kowace rana.

During this time, her relationship with her daughter B.D. Hyman deteriorated when Hyman became a born-again Christian and attempted to persuade Davis to follow suit. With her health stable, she traveled to England to film the Agatha Christie mystery Murder with Mirrors (1985). Upon her return, she learned that Hyman had published My Mother's Keeper, in which she chronicled a difficult mother-daughter relationship and depicted scenes of Davis's overbearing and drunken behavior. The book was not well-received--Davis disinherited Hyman, and Hyman's brother disowned her.

Wasu daga cikin abokan Davis sun yi tsokaci cewa bayanin Hyman game da abubuwan da suka faru bai yi daidai ba; ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ce "Yawancin littafin ba shi da ma'ana". Mike Wallace ya sake watsa wata hira ta minti 60 da ya ɗauka tare da Hyman shekaru kaɗan da suka gabata inda ta yaba wa Davis kan ƙwarewarta a matsayin uwa, kuma ta ce ta rungumi ƙa'idodin Davis da yawa wajen renon 'ya'yanta.

Masu sukar Hyman sun lura cewa Davis ya tallafa wa iyalan Hyman da kuɗi tsawon shekaru da dama kuma kwanan nan ya cece su daga rasa gidansu. Duk da matsalar rabuwar aurensu shekaru da suka gabata, Gary Merrill shi ma ya kare Davis. Da CNN ta yi hira da shi, Merrill ya ce Hyman ya yi hakan ne saboda "nuna wauta da kwadayi". Ɗan da Davis ya ɗauka Michael Merrill ya daina hulɗa da Hyman, kuma ya ƙi sake magana da ita, kamar yadda Davis, wanda ya ƙi gadonta ya yi.

Davis tare da Shugaba Ronald Reagan (tauraruwarta a cikin Dark Victory na 1939) a shekarar 1987, shekaru biyu kafin mutuwarta.

A cikin littafin tarihinta na biyu mai suna This 'n That (1987), Davis ya rubuta: "Har yanzu ina murmurewa daga gaskiyar cewa ɗana zai rubuta game da ni a bayana, ba tare da faɗin komai game da irin littafin da yake ba. Ba zan taɓa murmurewa gaba ɗaya daga littafin BD kamar yadda na samu daga bugun jini ba. Dukansu sun kasance abubuwan da suka ɓata rai." Littafin tarihinta ya ƙare da wasiƙa zuwa ga 'yarta, inda ta yi mata magana sau da yawa a matsayin Hyman, kuma ta bayyana ayyukanta a matsayin "rashin aminci da godiya ga rayuwar da na ji an ba ka". Ta kammala da ambaton taken littafin Hyman, "Idan yana nufin kuɗi, idan tunawata ta yi mini daidai, ni ne mai kula da kai duk waɗannan shekarun. Ina ci gaba da yin hakan, domin sunana ya sa littafinka game da ni ya yi nasara."

Davis ya fito a fim ɗin talabijin mai suna As Summers Die (1986), da kuma fim ɗin Lindsay Anderson mai suna The Whales of August (1987), inda ta taka rawar 'yar'uwar Lillian Gish makauniya. Duk da cewa tana cikin rashin lafiya a lokacin, Davis ta haddace nata da na kowa kamar yadda ta saba. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, inda wani mai suka ya rubuta: "Bette tana rarrafe a kan allo kamar tsohuwar ƙaho a kan taga, tana ihu, tana girgiza, tana girgiza - wani salon waƙar synapses da ba a yi amfani da ita ba." Davis ya zama wanda aka karrama a matsayin Kennedy Center Honors saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga fina-finai a shekarar 1987.

Wasanta na ƙarshe shine rawar da ta taka a fim ɗin Larry Cohen mai suna Wicked Stepmother (1989). A wannan lokacin, lafiyarta ta fara tabarbarewa, kuma bayan rashin jituwa da Cohen, ta fice daga wurin. An sake rubuta rubutun don ƙara jaddada halin Barbara Carrera, kuma an sake fitar da sigar da aka sake yi bayan mutuwar Davis.

Bayan ta bar Wicked Stepmother, kuma ba tare da wani tayin fim ba (duk da cewa tana sha'awar yin fim ɗin cika shekaru 100 a cikin fim ɗin Craig Calman mai suna The Turn of the Century, kuma ta yi aiki tare da shi wajen daidaita wasan kwaikwayo na mataki zuwa fim mai tsayi), Davis ya bayyana a shirye-shiryen tattaunawa da dama, kuma Johnny Carson, Joan Rivers, Larry King, da David Letterman sun yi hira da shi, suna tattauna aikinta, amma sun ƙi tattauna 'yarta. Bayyanar ta ta shahara; Lindsay Anderson ta lura cewa jama'a suna jin daɗin ganin tana yin "mummunan abu": "Kullum ban son hakan saboda ana ƙarfafa ta ta yi mummunan hali. Kuma koyaushe ina jin ana kwatanta ta da wannan mummunan kalma, mai girman kai."

A shekarun 1988 da 1989, an karrama Davis saboda nasarorin da ta samu a aikinta, inda ta sami kyautar Legion of Honor daga Faransa, Campione d'Italia daga Italiya, da kuma kyautar Film Society of Lincoln Center Lifetime Achievement Award . Ta bayyana a talabijin na Birtaniya a wani shiri na musamman daga South Bank Centre, inda ta tattauna batun fina-finai da kuma aikinta.

Mutuwa

Wurin ɓoye na Davis a Forest Lawn Memorial Park a Los Angeles

Davis ta faɗi a lokacin bikin bayar da kyaututtukan sinima na Amurka a shekarar 1989, kuma daga baya ta gano cewa ciwon daji ya dawo mata. Ta warke sosai har ta tafi Spain, inda aka karrama ta a bikin fina-finai na duniya na San Sebastián, amma a lokacin ziyararta, lafiyarta ta tabarbare cikin sauri. Ta yi rauni sosai don ta koma Amurka, inda ta yi tafiya zuwa Faransa, inda ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansar nono da ta yi tsanani a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1989, a Asibitin Amurka da ke Neuilly-sur-Seine . Davis yana da shekaru 81. An yi bikin tunawa da ranar ne kawai a mataki na 18 na Burbank Studio inda aka kunna hasken aiki wanda ke nuna ƙarshen aikin.

An binne ta a makabartar Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills da ke Los Angeles, tare da mahaifiyarta Ruthie da 'yar'uwarta Bobby, tare da sunanta a manyan haruffa. A kan dutsen kabarinta an rubuta: "Ta yi hakan ta hanya mai wahala", wani rubutu da ta ambata a cikin tarihin rayuwarta cewa Mother Goddam Joseph L. Mankiewicz ya ba ta shawara jim kaɗan bayan sun ɗauki fim ɗin All About Eve .

Liyafar maraba da gado

Matsayin aiki da wasanni

Tun a shekarar 1936, Graham Greene ya taƙaita Davis:

• Muguwar 'Yar'uwa (1931)
• Shekaru 20,000 a cikin Waƙa (1932)
• Ɗakin Auduga (1932)
• Mutumin da Ya Yi Wasa Da Allah (1932)
• Mawadata Suna Tare Da Mu Koyaushe (1932)
• Babban abu! (1932)
• Uku a kan wasa (1932)
• Bautar Dan Adam (1934)
• Bordertown (1935)
• Mai Haɗari (1935)
• Dajin Petrified (1936)
• Kid Galahad (1937)
• Mace Mai Alaƙa (1937)
• Jezebel (1938)
• Nasarar Duhu (1939)
• Juarez (1939)
• Tsohuwar Ma'aikaciya (1939)
• Rayuwar Sirri ta Elizabeth da Essex (1939)
• Duk Wannan, da kuma Aljanna (1940)
• Wasikar (1940)
• Amarya Ta Zo COD (1941)
• Babban Ƙarya (1941)
• Ƙananan Foxes (1941)
• Mutumin da Ya Zo Cin Abincin Dare (1941)
• A Cikin Wannan Rayuwarmu (1942)
• Yanzu, Voyager (1942)
• Tsohon Wanda Aka Sani (1943)
• Kalli a kan Rhine (1943)
• Mista Skeffington (1944)
• Masara Kore Ce (1945)
• Yaudara (1946)
• Rayuwar Sata (1946)
• Amaryar Yuni (1948)
• Bayan Daji (1949)
• Duk Game da Hauwa'u (1950)
• Gubar Wani Mutum (1951)
• Biyan Kuɗi akan Bukata (1951)
• Tauraro (1952)
• Kiran Waya Daga Baƙo (1952)
• Al'amarin da aka ci (1956)
• Cibiyar Guguwa (1956)
• Mu'ujizai Masu Kyau (1961)
• Me Ya Faru Da Baby Jane? (1962)
• Matattu Ringer (1964)
• Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964)
• Mai kula da jarirai (1965)
• Bikin Tunawa (1968)
• Dakunan Haɗawa (1970)
• Hadayu na Konewa (1976)
• Bacewar Aimee (1976~TV)
• Mutuwa a kan Kogin Nilu (1978)
• Dawowa daga Dutsen Mayya (1978)
• Baƙi: Labarin Uwa da 'Ya (1979~TV)
• Mai Kallo a Cikin Dazuzzuka (1980)
• White Mama (1980~TV)
• Ƙaramar Gloria... Farin ciki a Ƙarshe (1982~TV)
• Piano ga Mrs. Cimino (1982~TV)
• Dama ta Hanya (1983~TV)
• Kamar yadda Summers Die (1986~TV)
• Kifin Whale na watan Agusta (1987)
• Muguwar Uwar Gidan Miji (1989)

Davis ya yi rijista don kaɗa ƙuri'a a shekarar 1964

A shekarar 1964, Jack Warner ya yi magana game da "ingancin sihiri wanda ya mayar da wannan ƙaramar yarinya mai laushi wacce ba ta da kyau zuwa babbar mai fasaha", kuma a cikin wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekarar 1988, Davis ya lura cewa, ba kamar sauran mutanen zamaninta ba, ta ƙirƙiri aiki ba tare da fa'idar kyau ba. Ta yarda cewa ta firgita yayin yin fina-finanta na farko, kuma ta zama mai tauri saboda buƙata. "Har sai an san ki a sana'ata a matsayin dodo, ba tauraro ba ce", in ji ta, "[amma] ban taɓa yin yaƙi don wani abu ta hanyar yaudara ba. Ban taɓa yin faɗa don komai ba sai don amfanin fim ɗin." A lokacin yin All About Eve (1950), Joseph L. Mankiewicz ya gaya mata game da yadda ake ganin ta a Hollywood cewa tana da wahala, kuma ta bayyana cewa lokacin da masu kallo suka gan ta a allon, ba su yi la'akari da cewa bayyanarta ta samo asali ne daga mutane da yawa da ke aiki a bayan fage ba. Idan aka gabatar da ita a matsayin "jakin doki ... faɗin ƙafa arba'in, da tsayin ƙafa talatin", to duk abin da masu sauraro za su "gani ko su damu da shi".

Duk da cewa ana yaba mata saboda nasarorin da ta samu, Davis da fina-finanta wani lokacin ana yi musu ba'a; Pauline Kael ta bayyana Now, Voyager (1942) a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya", kuma a tsakiyar shekarun 1940, wasan kwaikwayo nata na ɗabi'a da tarihi sun zama abin da ake yi wa barkwanci. Edwin Schallert, na jaridar Los Angeles Times, ya yaba wa rawar da Davis ya taka a cikin Mr. Skeffington (1944), yayin da yake lura, "Masu kwaikwayon za su fi daɗi fiye da akwatin birai da ke kwaikwayon Miss Davis"; kuma Dorothy Manners, a Los Angeles Examiner, ta ce game da rawar da ta taka a cikin rawar da Beyond the Forest ya taka mara kyau (1949): "Babu wani mai zane-zane na dare da ya taɓa yin kwaikwayon halayen Davis kamar Bette ya juya kansa a cikin wannan." Mujallar Time ta lura cewa Davis ta kasance mai son kallon fina-finan batsa, duk da cewa tana sukar dabarun wasan kwaikwayo, tana taƙaita rawar da ta taka a cikin Dead Ringer (1964) da lura, "Fim ɗinta, kamar koyaushe, ba ainihin wasan kwaikwayo ba ne: Yana nuna rashin kunya. Amma kawai ka yi ƙoƙarin kawar da kai!"

Zaɓen fina-finanta sau da yawa ba su da wani sabon abu: Davis ya nemi rawar da za ta taka a matsayin masu zamba da masu kisan kai a zamanin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo galibi suka fi son yin wasan kwaikwayo na tausayi, kuma ta yi fice a cikinsu. Ta fi son sahihanci fiye da kyau, kuma tana son canza kamanninta idan ya dace da halin.

Sa hannun Davis da kuma zanen hannunsa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Grauman's Chinese Theatre

Yayin da ta shiga tsufa, an yaba wa Davis saboda nasarorin da ta samu. John Springer, wanda ya shirya rangadin jawabai na farkon shekarun 1970, ya rubuta cewa duk da nasarorin da yawancin mutanen zamaninta suka samu, Davis "tauraruwar shekarun 30 zuwa 40", inda ta sami karbuwa saboda bambancin halayenta da kuma iyawarta ta tabbatar da kanta, koda lokacin da kayanta ba su da yawa. Wasannin da aka yi a kowane fanni sun ci gaba da samun yabo; a shekarar 1987, Bill Collins ya yi nazari kan The Letter (1940), kuma ya bayyana aikinta a matsayin "wani babban nasara mai ban mamaki", kuma ya rubuta: "Bette Davis ta sanya Leslie Crosbie ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata mafi ban mamaki a fina-finai." A cikin wani bita na 2000 don All About Eve (1950), Roger Ebert ya lura: "Davis hali ne, alama ce mai salo mai kyau; don haka, har ma da wuce gona da iri nata gaskiya ne." A shekarar 2006, mujallar Premiere ta sanya hotonta na Margo Channing a cikin fim ɗin a matsayi na biyar a cikin jerin manyan ayyuka 100 na kowane lokaci, tana mai cewa: "Akwai wani abu mai daɗi game da sha'awarta ta yin abubuwan da ba su da kyau kamar kishi, ɗaci, da buƙata." Yayin da yake bitar Me Ya Faru da Jaririya Jane? (1962) a shekarar 2008, Ebert ya tabbatar da cewa, "Babu wanda ya taɓa kallon fim ɗin da zai taɓa mantawa da ita."

A shekarar 1977, Davis ta zama mace ta farko da aka karrama da kyautar AFI Life Achievement Award. A shekarar 1999, Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Amurka ta buga jerin sunayen " Shekaru 100 na AFI... Taurari 100 ", wanda sakamakon wani bincike da aka gudanar a masana'antar fina-finai don tantance "Manyan Tatsuniyoyi 50 na Allon Amurka" domin wayar da kan jama'a da kuma yaba wa fina-finan gargajiya. Daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 25 da aka lissafa, Davis ya zo na biyu a jerin, bayan Katharine Hepburn.

Abubuwan Tunawa

Watanni kaɗan kafin rasuwarta a shekarar 1989, Davis tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da dama da aka nuna a bangon mujallar Life . A cikin wani fim da aka yi wanda ya yi bikin fina-finai da taurari na shekarar 1939, Life ta kammala da cewa Davis ita ce jarumar da ta fi muhimmanci a zamaninta, kuma ta nuna Dark Victory (1939) a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai mafi muhimmanci na shekarar. Mutuwarta ta sanya labarai a shafin farko a duk faɗin duniya a matsayin "rufe wani babi na Zamanin Zinare na Hollywood". Angela Lansbury ta taƙaita yadda al'ummar Hollywood suka halarci bikin tunawa da ita, tana mai tsokaci, bayan an nuna wani samfurin fina-finan Davis, cewa sun shaida "wani abin tarihi na yin wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarni na ashirin ta hanyar ƙwararren masanin fasaha" wanda ya kamata ya ba da "ƙarfafawa da misali ga tsararraki masu zuwa na masu sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo".

Hukumar Wasikun Amurka ta karrama Davis da tambarin aika wasiku a shekarar 2008, wanda ke nuna cika shekaru 100 da haihuwarta. Tambarin yana dauke da hotonta a matsayinta na Margo Channing a cikin All About Eve . Bikin Ranar Farko ta Fitowa ya gudana ne a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2008, a Jami'ar Boston, wacce ke dauke da wani babban tarihin Davis. Masu jawabi sun hada da danta Michael Merrill da Lauren Bacall . A shekarar 1997, masu gudanar da kadarorinta, Merrill da Kathryn Sermak, tsohon mataimakinta, sun kafa Gidauniyar Bette Davis, wacce ke ba wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tallafin karatu na kwaleji.

A shekarar 2017, Sermak ya buga littafin tarihin rayuwar Miss D & Me: Life With the Invincible Bette Davis, littafin da Davis ya nemi Sermak ya rubuta, yana bayanin shekarun da suka yi tare.

A cikin al'adun jama'a

A shekarar 1981, waƙar " Bette Davis Eyes ", wadda Kim Carnes ta rera, ta lashe kyaututtukan Grammy guda biyu ( Waƙar Shekara da kuma Rikodin Shekara ) kuma ta shafe jimillar makonni tara a saman <i id="mwBcA">Billboard</i> Hot 100. Davis ta rubuta wa Carnes da marubutan waƙar, Donna Weiss da Jackie DeShannon, wasiƙu don gode musu da sanya ta "wani ɓangare na zamani", kuma ta ce jikanta yanzu tana son ta. Bayan nasarar da suka samu a Grammy, Davis ya aika musu da furanni.

An yi wasu nassoshi game da Davis a cikin waƙar " Desolation Row " ta Bob Dylan, a cikin waƙar "Celluloid Heroes" ta Kinks, a cikin waƙar Madonna ta 1990 " Vogue ", a cikin "Silver Screen Romance" ta ƙungiyar rock ta Amurka Good Charlotte, da kuma a cikin "Girl on TV" ta ƙungiyar samari LFO . Akwai kuma layin "Ban san yadda ka zo ka sa Bette Davis gwiwoyi ba, amma mafi muni, saurayi, kana da cututtukan masana'antu" a cikin waƙar da ta shahara 'Industrial Disease' ta ƙungiyar Dire Straits (1982).

Davis ya jawo hankalin mabiya a cikin al'adun 'yan luwaɗi, kuma sau da yawa ana kwaikwayonsa ta hanyar mata masu kwaikwayon kansu kamar Arthur Blake da Charles Pierce . Da yake ƙoƙarin bayyana shahararta ga masu kallon 'yan luwaɗi, ɗan jaridar Jim Emerson ya rubuta: "Shin kawai jaruma ce a sansanin ne saboda salon wasan kwaikwayo nata mai rauni da ban dariya bai tsufa ba? Ko kuwa dai 'Ya fi girma fiye da Rai' ne, wata mai tsauri wacce ta tsira? Wataƙila wasu daga cikinsu."

A cikin <i id="mwBeI">fim ɗin House of Wax</i> (2005), a ƙoƙarinta na haɗuwa da sauran jaruman kakin zuma a gidan sinima na gida, jarumar mace mai jagora dole ta zauna a wani yanayi daga fim ɗin Whatever Happened to Baby Jane.

Ana zargin takaddamar da ke tsakanin Davis da Joan Crawford ita ce batun littafin Bette da Joan: The Divine Feud na shekarar 1989. Daga baya an nuna shi a cikin shirin talabijin na 2017 Feud: Bette da Joan, tare da Susan Sarandon a matsayin Davis da Jessica Lange a matsayin Crawford.

Kyaututtukan Kwalejin

Davis a cikin tirelar fim ɗin Dark Victory (1939), inda ta ba da ɗaya daga cikin wasanninta 11 da ta zaɓa a matsayin wacce ta lashe kyautar Oscar

Davis ta kafa muhimman abubuwan tarihi na Oscar . Daga cikinsu, ta zama mutum na farko da ta lashe kyaututtuka biyar a jere na Oscars saboda wasan kwaikwayo, duk a cikin rukunin Mafi Kyawun Jaruma (1938–1942). Wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai ya yi daidai da tarihinta, Greer Garson, wanda shi ma ya sami kyaututtuka biyar a jere a cikin rukunin Mafi Kyawun Jaruma (1941–1945), ciki har da shekaru uku da aka zaɓi waɗannan jaruman biyu.

A shekarar 1962, Bette Davis ta zama mutum ta farko da ta samu nadin Oscars guda 10 saboda yin wasan kwaikwayo - duk da cewa za a iya cewa nadinta na 10 ya kasance a shekarar 1952, kuma na 11 a shekarar 1962, yayin da nadinta na rubutaccen "Of Human Bondage" ya ci gaba da zama tushen jayayya (ta zo ta 3 a kuri'un da aka kada, kafin Grace Moore wacce aka zaba a hukumance). Tun daga lokacin mutane uku ne kawai suka wuce wannan adadi - Meryl Streep (da nadin 21 da nasara uku), Katharine Hepburn (nadin 12 da nasara 4), da Jack Nicholson (nadin 12 da nasara 3) - yayin da Laurence Olivier ta yi daidai da ita (nadin 10 da nasara 1).

Steven Spielberg ya sayi kyautar Oscars ta Davis don Dangerous (1935) da Jezebel (1938), lokacin da aka yi tayin gwanjonsu akan $207,500 da $578,000, bi da bi, kuma ya mayar da su ga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyyar Motsi.

Shekara	Nau'i	Fim	Sakamako
1934	Mafi Kyawun Jaruma	style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Ayyanawa (Write-in)
1935		rowspan="2" style="background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="yes table-yes2"|Lashewa
1938		Jezebel
1939		rowspan="8" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="no table-no2"|Ayyanawa
1940		Wasikar
1941		Ƙananan Dawaki
1942		Yanzu, Voyager
1944		Mista Skeffington
1950		Duk Game da Hauwa'u
1952		Tauraron
1962		Me Ya Faru Da Baby Jane?

Duba kuma

• Jerin kyaututtuka da nadin da Bette Davis ta karɓa
• Lambar Shirya Fim (Lambar Hays)
• Fina-finan Hollywood na gargajiya

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Magabata {{{before}}}

President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

Magaji {{{after}}}

• Official website - operated by the Estate of Bette Davis
• Bette Davis on IMDb
• Bette Davis at Rotten Tomatoes
•  
• Bette Davis at the American Film Institute Catalog
• Bette Davis at the Internet Broadway Database
• Bette Davis at Playbill Vault
• Bette Davis at TV Guide
• Portraits from "The Little Foxes", 1941 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine by Ned Scott
• Kathryn Sermak recounts living with Bette Davis, interview October, 2017, News-Sentinel, accessed October 25, 2017.

  Miss Davis, with more say than most stars as to what films she makes, seems to have lapsed into egoism. The criterion for her choice of film would appear to be that nothing must compete with the full display of each facet of the Davis art. Only bad films are good enough for her.