Beyene Abdi
 Beyene Abdi | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 5 Mayu 1931 (95 shekaru) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam |
Beyene Abdi malamin Habasha ne, lauya, dan majalisa, mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam, shugaban jama'a na Oromo, edita, kuma marubuci. A kan aikin jama'a wanda ya kai shekaru da yawa, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, mai kula da makaranta, memba na majalisa, masanin shari'a, Babban Kotun da Kotun Koli, da kuma shugaban jama'a. An san shi da shiga cikin kungiyar Maccaa fi Tuullamaa, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam, shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarai na harshen Oromo, da kuma adana al'adun al'adun Oromo ta hanyar aikinsa na baya, Mammaaksa fi Geerarsa Oromoo .
Abdi ya sami kulawa ta duniya bayan kama shi a ƙarshen shekarun 1990s a matsayin wani ɓangare na yunkurin cin zarafin shugabannin jama'a na Oromo da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. Amnesty International ta bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon alƙali kuma dan majalisa kuma ya nuna damuwa game da tsare shi.[1] Har ila yau, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tattauna shari'arsa game da tsare-tsare na Shugabannin Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da masu gwagwarmayar Oromo.[2]
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Abdi a Meendoo, Gundumar Gimbii, Yammacin Wollega, Habasha, ga Abdii Jammoo da Kitilee Uuggaa . Daga baya iyalinsa suka koma Cuuttaa . Rayuwarsa ta farko a yankunan karkara na Wollega ta samo asali ne daga noma, kiwon dabbobi, da kuma kusanci da rayuwar al'ummar Oromo.
Ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a Makarantar Dejazmach Gebre Igizabeer (Kumsa Moroda) a Gimbii kuma daga baya ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Menelik II a Addis Ababa . Ya kammala shirye-shiryen horar da malamai a Addis Ababa da Harar, sannan ya biyo bayan horo na musamman a cikin gudanar da makaranta, jagorancin ilimi, da binciken makaranta. Daga baya ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Haile Selassie I, inda ya sami difloma a Shari'a tare da Babban Bambanci da digiri na farko na Shari'a.
Ayyuka a cikin ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdi ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makaranta, mai kula da ilimi, da kuma mai binciken makaranta. Da farko a matsayin malamin aji a Gimbi, da sauri ya kafa suna don kyakkyawan aiki. Shugabannin makaranta sun bayyana shi a matsayin mai gaskiya, mai aiki tuƙuru, mai inganci, kuma mai zurfi ga nasarar ɗalibai. Ya koyar da batutuwa daban-daban kuma ya ci gaba da samar da kyakkyawan sakamako na ilimi. An san ɗakunan ajiyarsa da shiga cikin aiki, aiki mai ƙarfi na ilimi, da kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin malami da ɗalibai. A lokacin hutu, ya tuntubi al'umma, ya shawo kansu su tura yaransu zuwa makaranta. Ya shiga cikin ayyukan dalibai, shirye-shiryen wasanni, kungiyoyin makaranta, shirye-'shiryen ilimi na al'umma, da ci gaban malamai. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Malamai.
Ayyukan majalisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie, Abdi ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar. Amnesty International daga baya ta bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon dan majalisa daga wannan lokacin.[1] A matsayinsa na wakilin, ya dauki damuwar masu jefa kuri'a da burin su zuwa matakin kasa. Ya yi aiki a wani muhimmin lokaci a ci gaban siyasar Habasha kuma ya yi aiki don tabbatar da cewa an wakilci bukatun mutanensa a cikin yanke shawara na kasa. Yayinda yake aiki a ofishin gwamnati, ya bi karatun shari'a ta hanyar shirin shari'a na yamma a Jami'ar Haile Selassie I .
Binciken shari'a da aikin shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayinda yake karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Haile Selassie I, Abdi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Consolidated Laws of Ethiopia Project, babban shiri da Faculty of Law ya dauka don tattara, tsarawa, da kuma buga dokokin Habasha da ba a tsara su ba tun 1944. Wani bita na masanin daga baya game da aikin ya gano William H. Ewing a matsayin Daraktan Aikin da Beyene Abdi a matsayin Mataimakin Daraktan.[3]
Aikin ya haɗa da bincike na shari'a, nazarin majalisa, fassara, bita na edita, gudanar da wallafe-wallafen, da kuma kula da masu ba da gudummawa ga ɗalibai. Abdi daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin editan Consolidated Laws of Ethiopia: Supplement No. 1, Satumba 10, 1970-Satumba 10, 1973, wanda Faculty of Law of Haile Selassie I University ya buga.
Bayan kammala karatunsa na shari'a, ya shiga aikin shari'a. Amnesty International ta bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon alƙali.[1] Ya yi aiki a matsayin shari'a da shari'a wanda ya hada da Alkalin Kotun Koli, Alkalin Koli, Babban Alkalin, da wakilin Ma'aikatar Shari'a. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da hidima a yankuna da yawa na Habasha.
Littattafai da aikin edita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdi ya ba da gudummawa ga ilimin shari'a da bugawa a matsayin editan Consolidated Laws of Ethiopia: Supplement No. 1, Satumba 10, 1970-Satumba 10, 1973.
A cikin shekarunsa na baya, ya rubuta Mammaaksa fi Geerarsa Oromoo ("Oromo Proverbs and Folksongs"), tarin karin magana da waƙoƙin gargajiya na gargajiya da aka nufa don adana wallafe-wallafen baki na Oromo, yare, da al'adun al'adu.
Ayyukan sulhu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan aikin shari'a, Abdi ya yi aiki a Ofishin Firayim Minista a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin sulhu. A cikin wannan rawar, ya shiga cikin kokarin da aka yi da niyyar tattaunawa, gina amincewa, da hadin kan kasa.
Jagorancin jama'a na Oromo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdi ya shiga cikin kungiyar Maccaa fi Tuullamaa, kungiyar jama'a da jin dadin Oromo. Amnesty International ta bayyana shi a matsayin jami'in kungiyar kula da lafiyar Mecha Tulema na shekaru da yawa.[1] An tattauna wannan ƙungiyar sosai a cikin ƙwarewa game da gwagwarmayar jama'a da tarihin siyasa.[4]
Bayan sauye-sauyen siyasa na 1991, Abdi ya zama mai aiki a cikin sake kafa kungiyar Maccaa fi Tuullamaa kuma ya shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a da na jin dadin Oromo. Rahoton kare hakkin dan adam daga baya ya bayyana shi a matsayin memba na kwamitin duka Human Rights League da Matcha / Tulá Association . [5]
Gudanar da 'yancin dan adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdi ya kasance memba ne na kafa kuma memba na kwamitin Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, ƙungiyar kare hakkin dan adam da ke jagoranta Oromo. Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tsare-tsare ta bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon alƙali, tsohon dan majalisa, kuma memba na kwamitin Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam.[2] Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta yi aiki don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙin ɗan adam, saka idanu kan take hakkin dan adam, da kuma samar da taimakon shari'a ga wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa.[2]
Amnesty International ta nuna damuwa game da tsare mambobin kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam kuma ta bayyana Abdi a matsayin daya daga cikin mutanen Oromo da masu kare hakkin dan Adam da aka tsare a lokacin.[1] Rahoton Amnesty na gaba ya ci gaba da lissafa Abdi daga cikin wadanda tsare su ya haifar da damuwa.[6]
Buga na yaren Oromo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdi ya kasance mai aiki a cikin wallafe-wallafen Oromo da ci gaban kafofin watsa labarai. A shekara ta 1991, ya zama memba na kafa littafin Afaan Oromo Urjii, ɗaya daga cikin farkon jaridu na harshen Oromo da aka kafa bayan canje-canjen siyasa na farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton kare hakkin dan adam daga wannan lokacin ya haɗa Urjii da masu gwagwarmayar jama'a na Oromo da damuwa game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tsare-tsaren siyasa.
Abdi daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Daraktocin Kamfanin Bilisummaa Art, Publication, da Talla, wanda ya buga jaridu na harshen Oromo ciki har da Urjii, Coqorsa, da Madda Walaabuu . Wadannan wallafe-wallafen sun inganta karatu da rubutu, adana al'adu, tattaunawa ta jama'a, da kuma shiga cikin jama'a tsakanin al'ummomin Oromo.
Kurkuku
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, an kama Abdi tare da sauran shugabannin jama'a na Oromo, jami'an Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, da masu gwagwarmayar al'umma a lokacin tashin hankali na siyasa a Habasha. Amnesty International ta ruwaito cewa yana daga cikin fitattun mutanen Oromo da aka tsare kuma ya nuna damuwa cewa ana tsare wadanda aka tsare don kare hakkin dan adam da ayyukan al'umma.[1]
Human Rights Watch ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Habasha da ta kawo karshen tsare shugabannin jama'a na Oromo da masu kare hakkin dan adam ba tare da tuhuma ba, gami da Beyene Abdi . [7]
Rahotanni na Amnesty International na gaba sun rubuta ci gaba da damuwa game da Abdi da sauran wadanda aka tsare, suna bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon alƙali kuma suna lissafa shi a cikin fursunonin lamiri da shari'o'in damuwa.[6] Daga baya shari'ar ta zo a gaban Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tsare-tsare, wanda ya sake nazarin yanayin da ke kewaye da tsare shugabannin Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da masu gwagwarmayar jama'a na Oromo.[2]
Littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarunsa na baya, Abdi ya ba da gudummawa ga adana al'adun al'adun Oromo ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da takardu. Shi ne marubucin Mamaaksa fi geerarsa Oromoo, tarin karin magana na Oromo (mammaaksa) da waƙoƙin gargajiya (geerarsa). A cewar gabatarwar littafin, an tattara aikin ne don adanawa da kuma yin bikin hikimar gargajiya ta Oromo, wallafe-wallafen baki, Afaan Oromo, da al'adun al'adu.
Rayuwa ta mutum
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdi ya auri matarsa tun shekara ta 1954. Suna da 'ya'ya takwas - maza uku da mata biyar - da jikoki 16 da jikoki takwas.
Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mammaaksa fi Geerarsa Oromoo
- Dokokin da aka haɗa na Habasha (edita)
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Human Rights Defenders Arrested as Part of Government Crackdown" (PDF). Amnesty International. 1997. Retrieved 13 June 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 "Opinion No. 29/2001 (Ethiopia)". United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. Retrieved 13 June 2026.
- ↑ Stebek, Elias N. (2025). "Access to Legal Information in Ethiopia: Overview of Attainments and Prospects". Mizan Law Review. 19 (2): 175–216.
- ↑ "Baro Tumsa's Political Activism and Involvement in MTA and OLF". Journal of Oromo Studies. Retrieved 13 June 2026.
- ↑ "Human Rights Abuses in Ethiopia: Press Release Report, November-December 1997" (PDF). Oromia Support Group. 1997. Retrieved 13 June 2026.
- 1 2 "Further information on fear of torture / probable prisoners of conscience / legal concern / medical concern, AFR 25/28/98" (PDF). Amnesty International. 20 October 1998. Retrieved 13 June 2026.
- ↑ "Human Rights Watch Calls on Government of Ethiopia to End Detention Without Charge of Oromo". Human Rights Watch. 17 November 1997. Retrieved 26 June 2026.