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Bibha Chowdhuri

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Bibha Chowdhuri
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Kolkata, 3 ga Yuli, 1913
ƙasa Indiya
Dominion of India (en) Fassara
Mazauni Kolkata
Mutuwa 1991
Karatu
Makaranta University of Calcutta (en) Fassara
University of Manchester (mul) Fassara
University College of Science, Technology & Agriculture (en) Fassara
Matakin karatu Doctor of Philosophy (en) Fassara
Thesis Extensive air showers associated with penetrating particles
Harsuna Bangla
Turanci
Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a scientist (en) Fassara da physicist (en) Fassara
Employers Bose Institute (en) Fassara
Physical Research Laboratory (en) Fassara
University of Michigan (en) Fassara
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (en) Fassara
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (en) Fassara

Bibha Chowdhuri (3 ga Yulin 1913 - 2 ga Yunin 1991 [1]) Masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Indiya wanda aka sani da bincikenta game da hasken sararin samaniya. Yin aiki tare da D M Bose, ta yi amfani da emulsion na nukiliya na hoto don zama na farko don ganowa da gano mesons. IAU ta ba da sunan tauraron HD 86081 Bibha, bayan ta.[2]

Rayuwa ta farko

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An haifi Chowdhuri ne a Kolkata [3] ga dangin Zamindars. [4] Mahaifinta, Banku Behari Chowdhuri, likita ne.[4] Mahaifiyarta, Urmila Devi, ta yi amfani da Brahmo Samaj, wanda ke da imani cewa ya kamata a ba da izinin mata su je makaranta.[4][5] Ta hanyar auren Urmila, Banku ya tuba zuwa Brahmo kuma an fitar da shi daga bangarorin Hindu.[4] Yawancin yaran Chowdhuri (ban da 'yar ta biyu wacce ta mutu da wuri ) sun ci gaba da zama masu ilimi sosai. [4][5] Chowdhuri ita ce ta tsakiya a cikin 'yan uwanta biyar, tare da ɗan'uwa ɗaya.[5] Kakanta, Nirmala Devi, ta auri Sir Nilratan Sircar . [4] 'Yar'uwarta, Roma Chowdhuri, ta ci gaba da zama malama a Brahmo Balika Shikshalaya .

Bibha ta yi karatun kimiyyar lissafi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rajabazar ta Jami'ar Calcutta kuma ita ce kadai mace da ta kammala M.Sc. digiri a cikin shekara ta 1936. Ta shiga Cibiyar Bose bayan kammala karatunta a 1939 kuma ta yi aiki tare da Debendra Mohan Bose . [3] Tare, sun lura da gwaji kuma sun buga su a kan ruwan sama na mesotron, daga baya aka kira mesons.[4][6] Ta yi nazarin rukuni na Ilford rabin sautin da aka fallasa ga hasken sararin samaniya a wurare biyu daban-daban, daya a Darjeeling kuma mafi girma a Sandakphu.[4][7] Barbashi sun ragu da taro a ƙananan tsawo, yana nuna cewa sun lalace a tsawon lokaci.[4] Ta lura cewa lalacewar ta yi lankwasa, mai yiwuwa ne saboda yaduwar barbashi da yawa.[4] Ba za su iya ci gaba da binciken ba saboda babu faranti masu mahimmanci. Chowdhuri ta shiga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Patrick Blackett don karatun digirin digirinsa, tana aiki a kan hasken sararin samaniya a Jami'ar Manchester . [3] Rubutun ta na PhD ya bincika ruwan sama mai yawa. Mai jarrabawarta shine Lajos Jánossy . [8] Ba a san yadda aikinta ya ba da gudummawa ga Kyautar Nobel ta Blackett ba.

Ayyuka da bincike

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Chowdhuri ya nuna cewa yawan abubuwan da suka faru sun dace da jimlar yawan ƙwayoyin iska mai yawa.[4] Jaridar Manchester Herald ta yi mata tambayoyi a cikin wata kasida da ake kira "Meet India's New Woman Scientist - Tana da ido ga hasken sararin samaniya", tana cewa "ba shi da bala'i cewa muna da 'yan mata masu ilimin lissafi a yau".[3]

Chowdhuri a taron kasa da kasa a Pisa, Italiya a shekarar 1955
Siffar Bibha Chowdhuri, Birla Industrial & Technological Museum, Kolkata, West Bengal, Indiya

Chowdhuri ta koma Indiya bayan ta PhD, tana aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Tushen Tata na tsawon shekaru takwas.[3] A lokacin da take TIFR, nazarin hasken sararin samaniya na Chowdhuri ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga gano K mesons.[9] Bibha ya bar TIFR na ɗan lokaci a 1953 kuma daga baya ya shiga dakin gwaje-gwaje na masanin kimiyyar sararin samaniya L. Leprince Ringuet a ƙarƙashin Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Paris). Ta yi karatu kuma ta gano sabbin K mesons da yawa a cikin ɗakunan girgije a kan Alps, ta buga binciken a cikin Nuovo Cimento a cikin shekara ta 1957.[10] A shekara ta 1954 ta kasance mai bincike mai ziyara a Jami'ar Michigan . An nada ta ne saboda Homi Bhabha har yanzu tana kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Tushen Tata, kuma ta tuntubi masu jarrabawar ta don shawarwari game da ɗaliban digiri. Ta shiga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Bincike na Jiki kuma ta shiga cikin gwaje-gaje na Kolar Gold Fields. Ta koma Kolkata don aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Saha . [3] Ta koyar da kimiyyar lissafi a Faransanci.  [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span>]

An bayyana rayuwarta a cikin littattafan A Jewel Unearthed: Bibha Chowdhuri . da kuma Bibha Chowdhuri, eine indische Hochenergiephysikerin als "Star" am Himmel.[11] The Statesman ya bayyana ta a matsayin almara da aka manta da ita. Ta ci gaba da bugawa har sai da ta mutu a 1991.

Littattafai

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  1. Roy, Pragya (2019-06-18). "Bibha Chowdhuri: The Invisibilised Physicist| #IndianWomenInHistory". Feminism In India (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-12-21.
  2. "Approved names". NameExoWorlds. December 17, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Bhattacharya, Amitabha (2018). "The woman who could have won a Nobel". The Telegraph (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-11-28. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bhattacharya 2018" defined multiple times with different content
  4. 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Roy, S. C.; Singh, Rajinder (2018). "Historical Note: Bibha Chowdhuri – Her Cosmic Ray Studies in Manchester". Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (3). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i3/49466. ISSN 0019-5235. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Roy 2018" defined multiple times with different content
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Bibha Chowdhuri – A Forgotten Legend". whastic.com. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  6. Bose, D; Chowdhry, B (1940). "Photographic Plates as Detectors of Mesotron Showers". Nature. 145 (3684): 894–895. Bibcode:1940Natur.145..894B. doi:10.1038/145894a0.
  7. Bose, D. M.; Choudhuri, Biva (1941). "A PHOTOGRAPHIC METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE MASS OF THE MESOTRON". Nature. 148 (3748): 259–260. Bibcode:1941Natur.148..259B. doi:10.1038/148259a0.
  8. Roy, S. C.; Singh, Rajinder (2018-08-01). "Historical Note: Bibha Chowdhuri – Her Cosmic Ray Studies in Manchester" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (3). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i3/49466. ISSN 0019-5235.
  9. Sreekantan, B. V. (10 April 2006). "Sixty years of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1945–2005: The role of young men in the creation and development of this institute". Current Science. 90 (7): 1012–1025. JSTOR 24091966 – via JSTOR.
  10. Mondal, Naba K. ""Bibha Chowdhuri and Her Remarkable Scientific Endeavours."". Resonance. 28 (10): 1494–1495.
  11. "Rajinder Singh, Suprakash C. Roy - Bibha Chowdhuri, eine indische Hochenergiephysikerin als Star am Himmel". shaker.de. Retrieved 2020-09-11.