Bildad Kaggia
 Bildad Kaggia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa | Kenya, 1921 | ||
| ƙasa | Kenya | ||
| Mutuwa | Nairobi, 7 ga Maris, 2005 | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna | Turanci | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, nationalists (en)  da gwagwarmaya | ||
| Imani | |||
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Kenya African National Union (en) Kenya People's Union (en) | ||
Bildad Mwaganu Kaggia (an haife shi a shekarar 1921 - 7 Maris 2005) ɗan ƙasar Kenya ne, ɗan kishin ƙasa, ɗan gwagwarmaya, kuma ɗan siyasa. Kaggia mamba ne a kwamitin tsakiya na Mau Mau. Bayan samun 'yancin kai ya zama ɗan majalisa. Ya kafa kansa a matsayin mayaki, mai zafin kishin ƙasa mai son yi wa talakawa hidima da marasa ƙasa. Saboda haka ya yi rashin jituwa da Jomo Kenyatta.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Kaggia a shekara ta 1921, a Dagoretti, yanzu wani yanki ne na Nairobi, inda mahaifinsa ya ƙaura daga gundumarsa ta Muranga.[1] Bayan shekaru biyu mahaifinsa ya koma Murang'a. Kaggia ya yi karatu a Santamor Estate daga baya kuma a Makarantar Mishan ta Church a Kahuhia. Kaggia ya yi kyau sosai a jarabawar kuma an zaɓe shi a shahararriyar makarantar sakandare ta Alliance. Sai dai kash, mahaifinsa bai iya kara kuɗin makaranta ba, sai Kaggia ya fara aikin koyarwa a ofishin Hakimai da ke Murang'a. Lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu ya ɓarke, an tura Kaggia zuwa ofishin daukar ma'aikata na soja. Duk da kyamar yaki, Kaggia ya yanke shawarar shiga soja don yin amfani da damar da ya samu na tafiya kudu maso yammacin Asiya. Lokacin da Ofishin Yakin da ke Landan ya yanke shawarar samar da wata ƙungiya a Biritaniya don gyara sojojin Afirka da aka kama, Kaggia ya nemi muƙamin sajan na kamfani, ɗan Afirka na farko da ya sami wannan matsayi. Yawancin aikin soja na yau da kullum ne kuma mai ban sha'awa. A cikin shekarun da ya yi a soja, Kaggia ya shagaltu da kwasa-kwasan wasiƙa da yawa (na aikin jarida, ƙungiyar ƙwadago da kimiyyar siyasa) wanda daga baya za su yi masa hidima a lokacin aikinsa na siyasa. Abubuwan da ya faru a cikin soja sun sa ya san mugunta daga wariyar launin fata da 'yan mulkin mallaka. A ra'ayinsa addinan ƙasashen waje a Kenya sun kasance wani tsani na 'yan mulkin mallaka kuma dole ne a 'yantar da jama'arsa daga wannan.[2]
Addinin Kaggia's (Dini ya Kaggia)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Komawa cikin Kenya (1946) Kaggia ya yi Allah wadai da coci a cikin coci. Manufarsa ita ce ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin Afirka zalla,[3] waɗanda aka sake su daga ƙungiyoyin Turai kuma gaba ɗaya masu cin gashin kansu daga koyarwar Cocin Turai. Ya kamata sabuwar koyarwar ta ƙunshi al'adu da al'adun Afirka.[4] Kaggia yana da manyan mabiya a Lardin Tsakiya. Hakan ya firgita cocin kuma shugabanninsu sun nemi gwamnati ta taimaka musu. Bayan haka, sau da yawa an kama Kaggia da mabiyansa kuma an ɗaure su a kurkuku saboda gudanar da tarukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba. Duk da haka, koyarwar Kaggia ya yaɗu kuma yana da mabiya daga kowane ɗariku kuma addininsa yana yaɗuwa zuwa wasu larduna, a ƙarshe har ya kai ga Nyanza.[5] Kaggia ya yi adawa da ba wa kungiyar suna, amma, mutane sun fara kiranta da Andu Kaggia (mutanen Kaggia). Daga baya wannan ya zama Dini ya Kaggia (addinin Kaggia).[6]
Kaggia ya ga cewa lallai addininsa yana 'yantar da tunanin mutane. Ba su kasance masu tawali’u, masu tsoron Turawa ba; yanzu sun samu karfin gwuiwar kaiwa gwamnatin mzungu hari. Saboda haka, Kaggia ya yanke shawarar barin aikin addini ga wasu kuma ya karkatar da hankalinsa daga 'yanci na ruhaniya zuwa 'yanci na siyasa.[7]
Matasa Masu Tsattsauran ra'ayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lokacin da aka zaɓi Kenyatta shugaban KAU a shekarar 1947 Kaggia ya shiga KAU da fatan za ta kara zama masu fafutuka. Koyaya,[8] a matakin ƙasa KAU yana aiki da kyar kuma Kaggia ya canza sha'awarsa ga ƙungiyoyin kwadago. Ya yaba da gobara da gwagwarmayar shugabanni irin su Kubai en Makhan Singh. Kaggia ya kafa kungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata da Kasuwanci kuma a cikin shekarar 1948 ya zama shugabanta. Wannan kungiya ta zama memba na kungiyar gamayya, kungiyar kwadago ta Gabashin Afirka. A shekarar 1950 Kaggia ya zama shugabar kungiyar kwadago ta Gabashin Afirka.[9] Kungiyoyin kwadago sun sami goyon baya sosai a Nairobi kuma sun karɓi reshen KAU na Nairobi a shekara ta 1951. An zaɓi Kaggia babbar sakataren ta.
Daga baya kungiyoyin kwadagon sun yi kokarin karɓar ragamar shugabancin KAU na ƙasa amma hakan ya ci tura yayin da shugaban KAU Jomo Kenyatta ya sauya tsarin zaɓe a ƙarshe. Wannan kusan ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna na KAU, amma ‘yan tsagera sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a KAU saboda haɗin kai.[10]
Kaggia ya fara jaridun yare kamar Inoora ria Gikuyu da kuma Afirka Mpya daga baya don ba da rahoton ayyukan KAU. Waɗannan da sauran jaridun yare sun taka rawar gani wajen isar da sakon jagororin masu fafutukar neman ‘yancin kai.
Kaggia ya kasance ja-gora a cikin da'irar Nazarin KAU wadda ta taimaka wa membobinta da rubuta abubuwan tunawa, kudurori da takaddun tattaunawa. Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Anti Federation League. An kafa wannan gasa ne don adawa da shirin Tarayyar Afirka da Afirka ta Tsakiya, wanda zai karfafa ikon da fararen hula ke da shi a siyasance na waɗannan yankuna. Kungiyar Anti-Federation League ta yi nasara a kan manufarta yayin da Kenya ba ta shiga Tarayyar ba a lokacin da aka kafa Tarayyar Afirka ta Tsakiya mai mulkin mallaka uku a cikin shekarar 1953: Arewacin Rhodesia (yanzu Zambia ), Kudancin Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe) da Nyasaland (yanzu Malawi).[11]
A matsayinta na memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawarwari ta Afirka, Kaggia ya yi kamfen sosai don adawa da dokokin wariyar launin fata na Majalisar ƙaramar hukumar Nairobi, wadda ta haifar da yankuna daban-daban na Turai, Asiya da Afirka a Nairobi. Kaggia ya ɗauki hakan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya samu cewa majalisar ƙaramar hukumar ta soke waɗannan dokokin.[12]
Da yake yanke kauna na canjin tsarin mulki, ya shiga Mau Mau ya zauna a kwamitin tsakiya.[13] A ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba 1952, shi, tare da sauran Kapenguria Six, an kama shi a Operation Jock Scott, kuma an tuhume shi da gudanar da Mau Mau, da kasancewa babban memba a cikinta. An yanke masa hukunci a shari'a, kuma an ɗaure shi har zuwa watan Satumba 1961. Bayan haka, an tsare shi a gundumarsa. A ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 1961, an ɗage duk hani.
Bayan 'Yancin kai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zaɓen shekarar 1963, ya lashe zaɓen mazabar Kandara a kan tikitin KANU, haka kuma ya samu bambancin kujera a majalisar dokokin Kenya ta farko mai cin gashin kanta. Kaggia ya kuma yi minista a majalisar ministocin Kenyatta; Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa da ya yi ya nuna shi ɗan ƙungiyar KANU ne mai tsaurin ra'ayi. Lokacin da Kenyatta da Mboya suka haɗa kai suka kawar da KANU, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda abin ya shafa, inda Kenyatta ya yi tattaki zuwa Kandara domin yakin neman zaɓe.[14] Ya shiga jam'iyyar KPU ta Odinga, amma daga bisani ya yi ritaya daga siyasa a shekarar 1974, bayan ya ƙasa sake kwace kujerarsa.
Kaggia shi ne jagoran hagu na Kenya na lokacin 'yan mulkin mallaka; mai yiwuwa mai tsara dabarun kan kwamitin tsakiya na Mau Mau; musamman masu adawa da wariyar launin fata; da kuma sadaukar da kai ga talakawa.[15]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 1.
- ↑ Rosberg, 1985 (1966): 192–193.
- ↑ Spencer, 1977: 225–6
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 56
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 59; Spencer, 1977: 265.
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 68–69.
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 55.
- ↑ Spencer, 1977: 225–6
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 56
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 59; Spencer, 1977: 265.
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 68–69.
- ↑ Kaggia, 2012: 73.
- ↑ He admits as much on p. 116 of Kaggia 1975.
- ↑ Kaggia made common cause with Asian workers and trade-unionists at a time when this was difficult and unpopular; after Uhuru, he strove to secure recognition of Kenyan Asians' part in the struggle for independence. See Adenekan.
- ↑ He lived in, and campaigned for the dwellers of, one of Nairobi's biggest slums. See Adenekan.