Billy Hughes
William Morris Hughes (25 Satumba 1862 - 28 Oktoba 1952) ɗan siyasan Australiya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na bakwai na Australiya daga 1915 zuwa 1923. Ya jagoranci kasar a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, kuma tasirinsa a siyasar kasa ya kai shekaru da yawa. Ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin tarayya daga Tarayyar Ostiraliya a 1901 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1952, kuma shine kadai mutumin da ya yi aiki a matsayin dan majalisa sama da shekaru 50. Ya wakilci jam'iyyun siyasa shida a lokacin aikinsa, ya jagoranci biyar, ya wuce hudu, kuma an kore shi daga uku.
An haifi Hughes a Landan ga iyayen Welsh. Ya yi hijira zuwa Ostiraliya yana da shekaru 22, kuma ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Australiya. An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales a shekara ta 1894, a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar New South Wales Labor Party, sannan aka sauya shi zuwa sabuwar majalisar tarayya a shekara ta 1901. Hughes ya haɗu da aikinsa na farko na siyasa tare da karatun shari'a na ɗan lokaci, kuma an kira shi zuwa kotun a cikin 1903. Ya fara shiga majalisa a 1904, a cikin Gwamnatin Watson mai gajeren lokaci, kuma daga baya ya zama babban lauyan Australia a kowace gwamnatin Andrew Fisher. An zabe shi mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Australian Labor Party a shekara ta 1914.
Shekaru na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haihuwar haihuwa da asalin iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Hughes a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1862, [1] a 7 Moreton Place, Pimlico, London, ɗan William Hughes da tsohon Jane Morris. Iyayensa duka Welsh ne. Mahaifinsa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin masassaƙi da mai shiga tsakani a Fadar Westminster, ya fito ne daga Arewacin Wales kuma ya kasance mai magana da harshen Welsh.[lower-alpha 1][1] Mahaifiyarsa, ma'aikaciyar gida, ta fito ne daga ƙaramin ƙauyen Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain (kusa da iyakar Ingila), kuma tana magana da Turanci kawai. Hughes yaro ne kawai; a lokacin aurensu, a watan Yunin 1861, iyayensa duka suna da shekaru 37.[1]
Landan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha ɗaya, Hughes ya shiga makarantar St Stephen, Westminster, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun coci da yawa da mai ba da agaji Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-coutts ya kafa. Ya lashe kyaututtuka a cikin lissafi da Faransanci, yana karɓar ƙarshen daga Ubangiji Harrowby . Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare, an koya masa aiki a matsayin "malamin dalibi" na tsawon shekaru biyar, yana ba da umarni ga ƙananan ɗalibai na sa'o'i biyar a rana don musayar darussan kansa daga shugaban makarantar da karamin kuɗi.[1] A St Stephen's, Hughes ya sadu da mawaki Matthew Arnold, wanda ya kasance mai jarrabawa da mai dubawa na gundumar makarantar yankin. Arnold - wanda ya yi hutu a Llandudno - ya yi sha'awar Hughes, kuma ya ba shi kwafin Cikakken Ayyukan Shakespeare; Hughes ya yaba wa Arnold da ya sa ƙaunarsa ta tsawon rayuwarsa ga adabi.[1]
Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko, Hughes ya zauna a St Stephen a matsayin mataimakin malami. Ba shi da sha'awar koyarwa a matsayin aiki duk da haka, kuma ya ki tayin Matthew Arnold don tabbatar masa da aikin magatakarda a Coutts.[1] Tsaron kudi na dangi ya ba shi damar bin bukatun kansa a karo na farko, wanda ya haɗa da kararrawa, jirgin ruwa a kan Thames, da tafiya (kamar tafiya ta kwana biyu zuwa Paris). Ya kuma shiga ƙungiyar masu sa kai na Royal Fusiliers, wanda ya kunshi galibi masu sana'a da ma'aikatan farar fata.[1] A rayuwarsa ta baya, Hughes ya tuna London a matsayin "wurin soyayya, asiri da shawarwari".[1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ma'aikatar Hughes ta farko
- Ma'aikatar Hughes ta Biyu
- Ma'aikatar Hughes ta Uku
- Ma'aikatar Hughes ta huɗu
- Ma'aikatar Hughes ta Biyar
- Tarihin zaben Billy Hughes
- Shirin Daidaita Kabilanci
- Lamarin jefa kwai na Billy Hughes