Binciken Yanayi na Kasa
 Binciken Yanayi na Kasa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | research program (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mamallaki | U.S. Global Change Research Program (en) |
The National Climate Assessment (NCA) wani shiri ne a cikin gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka da ke mai da hankali kan kimiyyar Canjin yanayi, wanda aka kafa a karkashin jagorancin Dokar Binciken Canjin Duniya ta 1990. A watan Yunin 2025, Gwamnatin Trump ta biyu ta dauki rahotanni a layi.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]NCA babban samfurin ne na Shirin Binciken Canjin Duniya na Amurka (USGCRP) wanda ke daidaita ƙungiyar masana kuma yana karɓar shigarwa daga Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Tarayya. An haɗa binciken NCA kuma an taƙaita shi a cikin rahotanni na kimanta yanayin yanayi na kasa. Rahotanni "masu jama'a da masana sun sake dubawa sosai, gami da hukumomin tarayya da kwamitin Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa. Don Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa na Uku, wanda aka saki a cikin 2014, USGCRP ta daidaita daruruwan masana kuma ta sami shawara daga Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Tarayya mai mambobi sittin. An saki NCA na huɗu (NCA4) a cikin kundi biyu, a watan Oktoba 2017 da kuma Nuwamba 2018.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An buga Binciken Yanayi na Kasa na farko a cikin shekara ta 2000. Tsakanin 2002 da 2009, USGCRP da aka sani a baya da Shirin Kimiyya na Canjin Yanayi na Amurka (CCSP), ya samar da samfuran hada-hadar da kimantawa 21 (SAPs). [1] An buga NCA na biyu a cikin 2009 kuma an saki na uku a cikin 2014.
Babban burin NCA bisa ga taƙaitaccen dabarun shiga na Mayu 20, 2011 "shi ne don inganta ikon Amurka don tsammanin, ragewa, da daidaitawa da canje-canje a cikin yanayin duniya (NCA 2011:2). "
The vision is to advance an inclusive, broad based, and sustained process for assessing and communicating scientific knowledge of the impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities associated with a changing global climate in support of decision-making across the U.S.
— NCA May 20, 2011 page2
A cewar shafin yanar gizon USGCRP na NCA,
Informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future; integrates scientific information from multiple sources and sectors to highlight key findings and significant gaps in our knowledge; establishes consistent methods for evaluating climate impacts in the U.S. in the context of broader global change, and provides input to Federal science priorities and is used by U.S. citizens, communities, and businesses as they create more sustainable and environmentally sound plans for the nation's future.
A cikin 2013, Shirin Ayyukan Yanayi na Shugaban kasa wanda Ofishin zartarwa na Shugaban kasa ya fitar musamman ya lura da muhimmancin Binciken Yanayi na Kasa wajen cimma burin "Yin Kimiyyar Kimiyya don Gudanar da Tasirin Yanayi".
A ranar 18 ga watan Agusta, 2017, kwamitin ba da shawara mai mambobi 15 wanda aka ba shi aikin rubuta "kayan jagora" bisa ga kimantawa an rushe shi a lokacin Gwamnatin Trump ta farko. NOAA ta ce rushewar kwamitin ba zai "yi tasiri ga kammala Binciken Yanayi na Kasa na huɗu ba". A karkashin jadawalin kowace shekara biyar, an shirya rahoton na gaba don 2027. An dakatar da aikin a shekarar 2025 lokacin da aka kawar da kudade a lokacin Gwamnatin Trump ta biyu.[2] Masana kimiyya da masana da ke tattara rahoton an kore su yayin da ake sake nazarin girman rahoton. " A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2025, an saukar da shafin yanar gizon gwamnati da ke karbar damar yin amfani da duk rahotanni na kimanta yanayin yanayi na kasa da suka gabata.[3]
Dokar Binciken Canjin Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana gudanar da Binciken Yanayi na Kasa (NCA) a karkashin Dokar Binciken Canjin Duniya ta 1990. GCRA tana buƙatar rahoto ga Shugaban kasa da Majalisa a kowace shekara huɗu wanda ke haɗawa, kimantawa, da fassara binciken Shirin Binciken Canjin Duniya na Amurka (USGCRP); yana nazarin tasirin canjin duniya akan yanayin halitta, noma, samar da makamashi da amfani, ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa, sufuri, lafiyar ɗan adam da jin dadin jama'a, da bambancin halittu; kuma yana nazarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu a cikin canjin duniya, duka da aka haifar da na ɗan adam da na halitta, da na manyan ayyukan don shekaru 25 zuwa 100.
Gwamnatin Tarayya tana da alhakin samar da waɗannan rahotanni ta hanyar Shirin Binciken Canjin Duniya na Amurka (USGCRP) , haɗin gwiwar hukumomin Tarayya 13 da sassan.
Kwamitocin Ba da Shawara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Yanayi da Ci Gaban Kasa (NCADAC) kwamitin ba da shawara ne na Tarayyar Amurka mai mutane 60 wanda ke kula da ci gaban rahoton NCA na Uku kuma ya ba da shawarwari game da tsarin kimantawa mai gudana. An yi kwamitin ne da rana a cikin fall 2014. Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta kafa NCADAC a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010 kamar yadda Dokar Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Tarayya (1972). 1972. NCADAC ta sami goyon baya ta hanyar Hukumar Kula da Oceanic da Atmospheric (NOAA).
Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na maye gurbin don Ci gaba da Nazarin Yanayi na Kasa, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2015, gwamnatin Trump ta kafa shi a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 2017. Richard H. Moss ne ya jagoranci kwamitin mambobi goma sha biyar
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "GlobalChange_other_assessments". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "NPR 2025/04/20". - ↑ Hollings, Ernest F. (1990), Global Change Research Act of 1990, Bill Summary & Status 101st Congress (1989 - 1990) S.169