Binciken fallasa reshe ne na kimiyyar muhalli
 Binciken fallasa reshe ne na kimiyyar muhalli | |
|---|---|
field of study (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
risk assessment (en) |
Binciken fallasa reshe ne na kimiyyar muhalli, toxicology, epidemiology, Injiniyan muhalli. Waɗannan su ne matakai na ƙarshe a cikin hanyar da za a saki gurɓataccen muhalli, ta hanyar sufuri zuwa tasirinsa a cikin tsarin halittu. Binciken ya haɗa da ma'auni na adadin gurɓataccen abu da aka fallasa ya sha, a wane nau'i, a wane adadin, da kuma yawan adadin da aka sha a zahiri yana samuwa don samar da tasirin halittu. Kodayake ra'ayoyin iri ɗaya sun shafi wasu kwayoyin halitta, yawancin aikace-aikacen kimantawa suna damuwa da Lafiyar ɗan adam, suna mai da shi muhimmiyar kayan aiki a lafiyar jama'a.[1]
Hadari aiki ne na fallasawa ga wakili da haɗari wakili. Binciken haɗari muhalli ya ƙunshi matakai don ganowa da kuma nuna haɗari, don ƙayyade dangantakar amsawa tsakanin wakili da sakamako mara kyau, don kimanta yiwuwar fallasawa kuma, a ƙarshe, don nuna haɗarin da ke tattare da fallasawa ga wakili na halitta, sinadarai ko na zahiri. Ana iya gudanar da kimantawa ga yawan mutane a ma'auni daban-daban, kamar dukan yawan jama'a na birni ko ƙarancin jama'a ko al'umma a cikin birni. Hakanan ana iya gudanar da su don yanayin halittu ko wuraren zama a cikin yanayin halittu. Ana iya gudanar da su don wadanda ba su da rai, watau, tsarin "abiotic", kamar fallasa tsarin da kayan ga gurɓataccen iska. Binciken fallasa sune mahimman kayan aiki don kula da haɗari, kamar lokacin da aka gano wani wuri mai haɗari ya gurɓata ruwan al'umma. A wannan yanayin, bayanai da bayanai daga kimantawar fallasawa za su kasance wani ɓangare na lissafin bambancin tsakanin fallasawar yanzu ga gurɓataccen abu da fallasawar da ake so yayin tsaftacewa, misali, bayyanar sifili idan wani madadin tushen ruwa mai tsabta, misali, ruwan kwalliya, na ɗan lokaci ya maye gurbin samar da ruwa na jama'a, da kuma fallasawar sa ran lokacin da aka kai ga ƙaddamar da gurɓatawar gurɓatacciyar bayan gyaran shafin.
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Binciken fallasa shine tsari na kimantawa ko auna girman, mitar da tsawon lokacin fallasawa ga wakili, tare da adadin da halaye na yawan mutanen da aka fallasa. Da kyau, yana bayyana tushe, hanyoyi, hanyoyi, da rashin tabbas a cikin kimantawa. Yana da wani bangare mai mahimmanci na nazarin haɗari kuma saboda haka kimanta haɗari. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]
Binciken fallasa shine kimiyya wanda ke bayyana yadda mutum ko yawan jama'a ke hulɗa da gurɓataccen abu, gami da ƙididdigar adadin hulɗa a fadin sararin samaniya da lokaci. 'Binciken fallasa' da 'bincike fallasa' galibi ana amfani da su azaman ma'ana a cikin mahallin da yawa. Hadari aiki ne na fallasawa da haɗari. Misali, ko da ga wani abu mai guba sosai (mai haɗari), haɗarin sakamako mara kyau ba zai yiwu ba idan fallasawa ya kusa da sifili. Sabanin haka, wani abu mai guba na iya gabatar da haɗari mai yawa idan mutum ko yawan jama'a sun fallasa sosai.[2]
Aikace-aikacen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da ma'auni mai yawa na fallasawa: a cikin kimantawa na haɗari, tare da shigarwa daga toxicology, don ƙayyade haɗari daga abubuwan da aka saki zuwa muhalli, don kafa ƙa'idodin kariya, a cikin ilmin annoba, don rarrabe tsakanin ƙungiyoyin fallasawa da sarrafawa, da kuma kare ma'aikata daga haɗarin aiki.
Hanyar da aka samo asali daga mai karɓa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da tsarin karɓa a cikin kimiyya. Yana farawa ta hanyar kallon gurɓataccen abu daban-daban da kuma maida hankali ga mutane. Mai sharhi na fallasawa na iya amfani da ma'auni kai tsaye ko kai tsaye don sanin ko mutum ya kasance cikin hulɗa da takamaiman gurɓataccen ko kuma an fallasa shi ga takamaiman haɗari (misali haɗari). Da zarar an tabbatar da gurɓataccen abu ya kai ga mutane, masu sharhi suna aiki a baya don sanin tushen sa. Bayan gano tushen, yana da mahimmanci a gano hanyar da ta fi dacewa don rage tasirin kiwon lafiya.[1] Idan gurɓataccen ya kai ga mutum, yana da wuyar rage tasirin da ke tattare da shi.[3] Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a rage bayyanar don rage haɗarin mummunar tasirin kiwon lafiya. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba na tsari ba don rage yawan mutanen da ke fuskantar gurbataccen abu.[3] A lokuta da yawa, ya fi kyau a canza Ayyukan mutane don rage bayyanar su maimakon daidaita tushen gurbatawa.[3] Tsarin mai karɓa na iya tsayayya da tsarin tushen. Wannan hanyar ta fara ne ta hanyar kallon tushen gurɓataccen abu kamar masana'antu da tashoshin wutar lantarki. Sa'an nan kuma, yana da mahimmanci a gano idan gurɓataccen sha'awa ya kai ga mai karɓa (yawanci mutane). Tare da wannan hanyar, yana da wuyar tabbatar da cewa gurbataccen abu daga tushe ya kai ga manufa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nieuwenhuijsen M, Paustenbach D, Duarte-Davidson R (December 2006). "New developments in exposure assessment: the impact on the practice of health risk assessment and epidemiological studies". Environment International. 32 (8): 996–1009. Bibcode:2006EnInt..32..996N. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.06.015. PMID 16875734. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Nieuwenhuijsen_2006" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "ExpoCast". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "U.S. EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. EPA/600/P-95/002F a-c. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010.