Bioko
| Bioko | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Gu mafi tsayi | Pico Basilé |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 3,011 m |
| Tsawo | 70 km |
| Fadi | 32 km |
| Yawan fili | 1,935 km² |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 3°30′N 8°42′E / 3.5°N 8.7°E |
| Kasa | Gini Ikwatoriya da Daular Portuguese |
| Territory |
Bioko Norte (en) da Bioko Sur (en) |
| Flanked by | Tekun Guinea |
| Hydrography (en) | |
Bioko ( /b iː ˈ oʊk oʊ / ; ; Bube ; tarihi da aka sani da Fernando Pó, ) [lower-alpha 1] tsibiri ne na ƙasar Equatorial Guinea . Tana da matsayi 32 kilometres (20 mi) kudu da gabar tekun Kamaru, da kuma 160 kilometres (99 mi) arewa maso yamma na arewacin babban yankin Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, a bakin tekun arewa na tsibirin, ita ce tsohon babban birnin Equatorial Guinea. Yawan jama'ar Bioko ya kai 335,048 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2015 [1] kuma tana da fadin ƙasa 2,017 square kilometres (779 sq mi) , wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama tsibiri na huɗu mafi girma a Afirka (bayan Madagascar, Socotra da Tenerife ). Tsibirin wani ɓangare ne na layin aman wuta na Kamaru kuma yana kusa da gabar tekun Kamaru, a cikin ɓangaren Gabar Biafra na Tekun Guinea . Ilimin ƙasa na ƙasarsa aman wuta ne; mafi girman kololuwarsa shine Pico Basile mai tsawon 3,012 metres (9,882 ft).
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan asalin Bioko shine Ëtulá a Ëri a cikin harshen Bube.[2] Tsawon kusan shekaru 500, ana kiran tsibirin da Fernando Pó ( Portuguese: ; Spanish: ), mai suna Fernão do Pó navigator na Portugal . Tsakanin 1973 zuwa 1979 tsibirin an kira Macías Nguema Biyogo bayan shugaban Equatorial Guinea na lokacin . Sunan na yanzu, Bioko, ya fito daga 1979 kuma yana girmama ɗan siyasa Cristino Seriche Bioko. :68
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bioko tana cikin Bight na Biafra a kan Gulf of Guinea, kimanin kilomita 32 (20 daga Kamaru kuma kusan kilomita 160 (99 arewa maso yammacin Equatorial Guinea (Río Muni). Yankin tsibirin yana da kilomita 2,017 (779 sq ; yana da dutsen wuta da tsaunuka, yana tashi zuwa Pico Basilé (3,011 mita (9,879 ).
Bioko tana da jimillar fadin ƙasa 2,017 square kilometres (779 sq mi) . 70 kilometres (43 mi) tsayi daga NNE zuwa SSW kuma kimanin 32 kilometres (20 mi) a fadin. Tsibirin ya fi rufe da dazuzzukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi . Yana da aman wuta kuma yana da tsaunuka sosai tare da mafi tsayin dutsen Pico Basile a tsayin 3,012 metres (9,882 ft) . Don haka yana kama da tsibiran da ke makwabtaka da São Tomé da Príncipe . Kamar su, yana kan layin Kamaru . Wurin da ya fi kusa da kudu ana kiransa Punta Santiago.
Bioko tana kan shelf na nahiyar Afirka, an raba shi da yankin Afirka da 32 kilometres (20 mi) (20 na ruwa tare da zurfin mita 60 kawai. A lokacin Pleistocene Bioko an haɗa shi da ƙasar Afirka. Bioko ta rabu da Afirka kusan shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata, a ƙarshen Lokacin Glacial na Ƙarshe.[3]
Gishiri na wuta, wani nau'in lizard da aka samo a tsibirin, yana ɗauke da sunan kimiyya na Mochlus fernandi, wanda aka samo daga Fernando Pó, tsohon sunan tsibirin.
Ilimin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsibirin ya kunshi mafi yawa daga basalt, mafi yawa alkali basalt da hawaiites, kuma zuwa ƙaramin Mugearites.[4]
Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsibirin yana nuna ruwan sama mai karfi daga arewa maso kudu wanda aka haifar da taimako da ruwan sama na Yammacin Afirka. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine ~1,930 millimeters (76 in) a Malabo (arewa) da ~10,920 millimeters (430 in) a Ureka a kudu, daga cikin mafi girman darajar da aka rubuta a Afirka. Babban lokacin rigar shine Afrilu-Oktoba, tare da lokacin bushewa kusan Nuwamba-Maris.
Yankunan da aka kare da muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankunan da aka kare guda biyu sun rufe ~40% na tsibirin: Pico Basilé National Park (est. 2000; ~ 32,256 ha) a arewa, da kuma Luba Crater Scientific Reserve (~ 51,000 ha) a kudu, wani Key Biodiversity Area da AZE shafin da ke tsakiyar Dutsen Luba da Gran Caldera.[5][6]
Bioko ya kasance wani ɓangare na Layin Kamaru kuma yana da gandun daji na Cross-Sanaga-Bioko da Dutsen Kamaru da Bioko a tsawo.[7]
Red colobus na Pennant Piliocolobus pennantii (CR) yanzu yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kudu maso yammacin Bioko, kuma drill Mandrillus leucophaeus (ciki har da drill Bioko M. l. poensis) yana cikin haɗari a duniya. Kulawa na dogon lokaci ya nuna cewa farautar nama ba bisa ka'ida ba shine babban barazana ga dabbobi na Bioko, tare da dubban gawawwakin da aka rubuta a kasuwar Malabo a kan binciken shekaru da yawa duk da dokokin muhalli.[8]
Yawan jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsibirin yana da mazauna 335,048 (Census 2015), an raba su zuwa larduna 2 sannan kuma zuwa gundumomi 4 - Malabo (271,008), Baney (29,366), Luba (26,331) da Riaba (8.343). [1] Mutanen asalin tarihi sune Mutanen Bubi, waɗanda a halin yanzu sun kasance kashi 58% na yawan jama'a. Sauran kabilun sun hada da Fang a 16%, Fernandinos a 12%, da Ibo a 7%, da kuma baƙi na Afirka da Turai.
Harsuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mutanen Espanya sun kasance harshen hukuma tun daga 1844 lokacin da Spain ta mallaki tsibirin. Har yanzu harshe ne na ilimi da gudanarwa, yana nuna sama da shekaru 100 na mulkin mallaka na Spain. Kashi 67% na Equatoguineans na iya magana da Mutanen Espanya, musamman wadanda ke zaune a babban birnin, Malabo, a Bioko.
Harshen Bube, tare da kimanin masu magana 50,000, da yare daban-daban, shine asalin harshen mazaunan Bioko. Koyaya, idan aka ba da kabilun da yawa da mutanen da ke aiki a Bioko, yaren creole ya ci gaba, wanda aka sani da Pichi. Ya dogara ne akan harshen Ingilishi, daga lokacin da Birtaniya ke aiki da tushe ga sojojin su. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da harsunan Yammacin Afirka daga Najeriya da Laberiya, da kuma ƙamus na Portuguese, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na yaren Krio, wanda ya bunkasa a Saliyo. Ma'aikata sun zo Bioko daga dukkan wadannan yankuna a cikin 19th ta hanyar yawancin karni na 20.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Also Fernão do Pó (pt-pt), or Fernando Poo (es)
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- 1 2 "Anuario Estadístico de Guinea Ecuatorial 2018" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas de Guinea Ecuatorial. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ↑ "Playa de Arena Blanca". Atlas Obscura.
- ↑ Pérez-Pérez, Miguel A.; Yu, Wen-Bin (2021-10-20). "Pleistocene origin and colonization history of Lobelia columnaris Hook. f. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) across sky islands of West Central Africa". Ecology and Evolution. 11 (22): 15860–15873. Bibcode:2021EcoEv..1115860P. doi:10.1002/ece3.8256. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 8601881 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34824795 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Yamgouot, Fadimatou Ngounouno; Déruelle, Bernard; Gbambié Mbowou, Isaac Bertrand; Ngounouno, Ismaïla; Demaiffe, Daniel (2016-09-01). "Geochemistry of the volcanic rocks from Bioko Island ("Cameroon Hot Line"): Evidence for plume-lithosphere interaction" (PDF). Geoscience Frontiers (in Turanci). 7 (5): 743–757. Bibcode:2016GeoFr...7..743Y. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.06.003. ISSN 1674-9871.
- ↑ "Plan points Equatorial Guinea park to brighter future". Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). 21 August 2022.
- ↑ "Luba Caldera Scientific Reserve (KBA 6380)". Key Biodiversity Areas. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
- ↑ "Cross–Sanaga–Bioko coastal forests". One Earth. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
- ↑ Cronin, Drew T. (2017). "Conservation strategies for understanding and combating the primate bushmeat trade on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea". American Journal of Primatology. 79 (11). doi:10.1002/ajp.22617.