Bir Hakeim

Bir Hakeim
Wuri
31°35′38″N 23°28′48″E
Territory claimed by (en)
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Libya
District of Libya (en)	Butnan District (en)

Bir Hakeim ( Arabic, , wani lokacin ana rubuta Bir Hacheim ) shine wurin da tsohon sansanin Ottoman yake a hamadar Libya . An gina sansanin a kusa da wurin da tsohon rijiyar Romawa take, tun lokacin da yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Ottoman Tripolitania . Kimanin 160 km (99 mi) ne. yammacin Sollum a gabar tekun Libya da kuma 80 km (50 mi) kudu maso gabashin Gazala . Bir Hakeim ya fi shahara da yaƙin Bir Hakeim, wanda ya faru a can a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

Yaƙin ya faru ne a lokacin Yaƙin Gazala (26 ga Mayu - 21 ga Yuni 1942) lokacin da Brigade na 1 na Faransa na Janar de brigade, Maréchal de France Marie-Pierre Kœnig na gaba ya kare shafin daga 26 ga Mayu - 11 ga Yuni a kan manyan sojojin Jamus da Italiya, karkashin umurnin Janaroberst Erwin Rommel.

Kyaftin Pierre Messmer yana ɗaya daga cikin hafsoshin Faransa na rundunar sojojin Faransa ta 13. Messmer ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Soja ta St Cyr . Yana jagorantar rundunar sojojin ruwa ta 3. Yawancin sojojinsa 'yan asalin Spain da Jamus ne, kuma yawancinsu Yahudawa ne. . An faɗi cewa Kaddish galibin maraice ne a Bir-Hakeim. Sauran rabin rundunar sojojin Sashen Faransa na 'Yanci na 1 sun haɗa da rundunonin da ba sa cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasashen Waje ta Faransa, kamar Bataillon de Marche n°2 de l'Afrique équatoriale française (BM2), Bataillon du Pacifique ( French Polynesia, New Caledonia da New Hebrides ), Bataillon na 1 na Infanterie de Marine, Rundunar 1 ta Artillerie, Bataillon na 1 na Fusiliers Marines tare da haɗin gwiwar rundunar D na Batirin 43 na Rundunar Yeomanry ta 11 ta Birnin London da kuma Kamfanin Sulke na Faransa na Arewacin Afirka na 22.

Pierre Messmer shi ne soja na farko na Faransa da aka zaba a Académie Française . Daga baya ya zama Firayim Minista na Jamhuriyar Faransa a karkashin Shugaba Georges Pompidou .

A cikin waɗannan kwanaki 14, sojojin Faransa 3700 sun dakatar da sojoji 40,000 na Axis. Daga cikin wadannan 3700, 800 sun mutu ko sun ɓace. Wannan rabin brigade ya riga ya yi yaƙi da Sojojin Jamus a Narvik a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1940.

Kodayake Afrika Corps ta kama Tobruk bayan kwana goma, jinkirin da aka sanya wa Axis hari ta hanyar kare Bir Hakeim ya rinjayi sokewar Operation Herkules, shirin mamayewar Jamus na Suez Canal da Malta. Matsayin da 'yan Faransa suka yi ya ba da Sojojin Burtaniya na takwas da suka ci nasara kuma suka koma baya isasshen lokaci don murmurewa daga asarar da suka yi da sake tsarawa. Daga nan sai Birtaniya ta dakatar da ci gaban Jamus a Yaƙin farko na El Alamein . Rukunin Aljeriya da Maroko na 1st Free French Division sun haifi rundunar Faransanci a karkashin umurnin Janar Alphonse Juin, Maréchal de France na gaba, da Janar Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert . Sun kuma shiga cikin Yaƙin Monte Cassino . A can ne aka gane 3rd Division d'Infanterie Algérienne (3rd DIA) da Groupement des Tabors Marocains na Janar Augustin Guillaume a cikin karya ta hanyar tsaron Jamus na Gustav Line.

Wannan yaƙin zai zama sunan Bir-Hakeim (Paris Metro), tashar a kan Paris Métro, da Pont de Bir-Hameim, gada.

Bir Hakeim ya kasance wurin ceto mai ƙarfin zuciya a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. A ranar 14 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1916 Manjo Hugh Grosvenor ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mota mai dauke da makamai, wani ɓangare na Sojojin Yammacin Yamma, zuwa Bir Hakeem bayan ya yi tafiya mil 120 a fadin hamada daga Sollum. A can ne suka ceci 'yan gudun hijirar Burtaniya 91 daga HMS <i id="mwbw">Tara</i> da HMT Moorina. Jiragen ruwa na Jamus sun kama ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya bayan sun kori jiragensu kuma sun mika fursunonin su ga Senussi na yankin, waɗanda suka haɗa kai da Jamusawa.

A sakamakon Yakin Italo-Turkiyya (1911-1912), Italiya ta kama Ottoman Tripolitania Vilayet (gundumar), wanda ya zama sananne da Italiyanci Libya . Sojojin Italiya sun kafa ƙungiyar Zaptié Meharista a Bir Hakeim .

Dubi kuma

• Yaƙin Bir Hakeim
• Yaƙin Gazala
• Yakin Yammacin Yamma