Birnin Zero-Carbon
 Birnin Zero-Carbon | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | birni |
Garin sifili-carbon shine burin masu tsara birni[1] wanda ke bayyana gagarumin raguwar amfani da carbon da birni ke yi. Kalmar ta bayyana kewayon rage carbon, kama daga wani birni wanda ke samar da makamashi mai dorewa mai yawa ko fiye kamar yadda yake amfani da shi, zuwa birni mai sarrafa iskar iskar gas kuma yana rage sawun carbon ɗinsa zuwa ƙaramin (mafi dacewa 0 ko korau) ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin makamashi mai sabuntawa, ta hanyar rage fitar da iskar carbon ta ingantaccen ƙirar birni, amfani da fasaha da canje-canjen salon rayuwa, da daidaita duk wani iskar carbon. Tun da sarƙoƙin samar da birni ya wuce iyakarsa, Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Princeton ta High Meadows Environmental Institute ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da ma'anar ma'anar birni mai sifili a matsayin "wanda ke da kayan aikin carbon-zero da tsarin samar da abinci".[2]
Yawancin biranen duniya suna ƙone kwal, mai ko iskar gas a matsayin tushen makamashi, wanda ke haifar da sakin carbon dioxide a cikin yanayi, mahimmin iskar gas. Don haka ci gaban birane yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da musabbabi da tasirin sauyin yanayi. Tun daga shekarar 2019, biranen sun kai kashi biyu bisa uku na duk abin da ake amfani da shi na makamashi kuma sun samar da kashi 70% na hayakin da ke da alaka da makamashi. Sama da kashi 50% na mutanen duniya a halin yanzu suna zaune a birane, adadin da ake hasashen zai haura zuwa kashi 70 cikin 100 nan da 2050, kuma kusan kashi 80% nan da 2080.[3]
Ana ganin ci gaban birane da aka mayar da hankali kan rage yawan carbon a matsayin yanayin da babu makawa don dorewa a cikin birane. Maƙasudin da ke ƙasa sun haɗa da guje wa cutarwa ga duniya da kuma magance tasirin sauyin yanayi.[4] Ya zuwa 2022, fiye da biranen 1000 a duk duniya sun ɗauki matakai don yin sauyi don mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi a zaman wani ɓangare na yaƙin neman zaɓe na birane zuwa Zero, wani ɓangare na babban yaƙin neman zaɓe na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Daga cikinsu akwai biranen da suka hada da Rio de Janeiro, New York, Paris, Oslo, Mexico City, Melbourne, London, Milan, Cape Town, Buenos Aires, Caracas, Copenhagen, Vancouver da Hong Kong. A Amurka, fiye da biranen 100 sun yi alƙawarin zama tsaka tsaki na carbon.
Ƙoƙarin birni na zamani wanda aka kafa don cimma matsayin net-zero yana buƙatar tantance mahimman tsarin samar da kayayyaki guda bakwai, don makamashi, sadarwar sufuri, abinci, kayan gini, ruwa, kayan aikin kore, da sarrafa sharar gida. Dabarun isa ga sifilin sifili sun haɗa da haɓaka samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, rage makamashi da amfani da albarkatu ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙirar birane da sauye-sauyen rayuwa, rage sharar gida, da ƙirƙirar wuraren kore da wuraren nutsewar carbon don cire carbon daga yanayin. Hanyoyi don dorewar tsara birane na biranen carbon carbon suna ƙara jaddada amfani da abinci, makamashi, da albarkatu masu sabuntawa.
Wasu masu tsara biranen sun tsara biranen sifiri-carbon tun daga tushe, maimakon amfani da daidaita biranen da aka kafa. Wannan yana ba masu tsara biranen iko mafi girma akan duk abubuwan da aka tsara na birni da kuma yadda kowane birni zai iya ba da gudummawar kasancewa ba tare da hayaƙin carbon ba. Irin wannan ƙirar yana ba da damar birni don cin gajiyar tattalin arziƙin ma'auni da zaɓuɓɓukan gine-gine waɗanda ba za su yuwu ba a cikin birni mai tsarin da ake da su. Irin waɗannan biranen da ba su da iskar carbon suna kiyaye mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa da bunƙasa tattalin arziki tare da kawar da tasirin muhalli.[5]
Ka'idodin jagora
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Net zero ra'ayi ne na kimiyya wanda za'a iya siffanta ta cikin maƙasudai masu iya aunawa. Zai iya samar da tsarin tunani don fahimta da kimanta tasirin ayyuka don magance sauyin yanayi. Don yin amfani da shi azaman tsarin aikin yanayi, dole ne a yi aiki da shi kuma a auna shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan ci gaba na tsarin zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arziki.
Ma'auni na lokaci muhimmin al'amari ne da ke haifar da gaggawar shiga tsakani na sifili. Tasirin hayakin carbon akan ɗumamar saman duniya shine monotonic, kusa da layi (kamar na 2021) kuma na dogon lokaci. Ƙoƙarin cimma sifilin sifili dole ne ya zama tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci, wanda aka kiyaye cikin shekaru da yawa. Manufar net sifili ita ce cimma daidaiton yanayi wanda za a iya kiyaye shi cikin shekaru da yawa zuwa ƙarni.
Masana kimiyya za su iya auna canje-canje masu gudana a cikin yanayin duniya da kimanta kasafin kuɗin carbon, amma ganowa da aiwatar da shisshigi yana faruwa a matakai da yawa a duniya. A matsayin tsarin tunani don masu yanke shawara, dole ne a fassara tasirin duniya zuwa maƙasudan maƙasudai ga ƙungiyoyi a matakan ƙasa, ƙasa, kamfanoni, ƙungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Fuller-Wright, Liz (March 30, 2022). "What climate choices should cities make? A Princeton data tool helps planners set priorities". Princeton University. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ↑ Kelly, Morgan (May 13, 2021). "What is a net-zero city? Depends on how you count urban carbon emissions". High Meadows Environmental Institute. Princeton University. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ↑ Towards the Zero-Carbon City (PDF). HSBC Centre of Sustainable Finance. July 2019
- ↑ Bindman, Polly (22 July 2022). "Which cities are in the race to net zero?". Capital Monitor. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ↑ Peng, Yuan; Bai, Xuemei (2018-02-10). "Experimenting towards a low-carbon city: Policy evolution and nested structure of innovation". Journal of Cleaner Production. 174: 201–212. Bibcode:2018JCPro.174..201P. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.116. hdl:1885/139438. ISSN 0959-6526. S2CID 158957107.
- ↑ Fankhauser, Sam; Smith, Stephen M.; Allen, Myles; Axelsson, Kaya; Hale, Thomas; Hepburn, Cameron; Kendall, J. Michael; Khosla, Radhika; Lezaun, Javier; Mitchell-Larson, Eli; Obersteiner, Michael; Rajamani, Lavanya; Rickaby, Rosalind; Seddon, Nathalie; Wetzer, Thom (January 2022). "The meaning of net zero and how to get it right". Nature Climate Change. 12 (1): 15–21. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12...15F. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01245-w. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 245336639.