Biruté Galdikas
 Biruté Galdikas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Wiesbaden, 10 Mayu 1946 |
| ƙasa | Kanada |
| Mutuwa | Los Angeles, 24 ga Maris, 2026 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of California, Los Angeles (en)  |
| Harsuna |
Turanci Lithuanian (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
anthropologist (en) , zoologist (en) , university teacher (en) , conservationist (en) , primatologist (en) da ethologist (en) |
| Employers |
Simon Fraser University (en) |
| Kyaututtuka | |
| Wanda ya ja hankalinsa |
Louis Leakey (mul) da Jane Goodall |
| IMDb | nm1309976 |
Birutė Marija Filomena Galdikas ko Biruté Mary Galdikas OC (10 ga Mayu 1946 - 24 ga Maris 2026) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗan adam ce ta ƙasar Kanada, ƙwararriyar masaniyar dabbobi, mai kare muhalli, ƙwararriyar ilimin halittu kuma marubuciya. Farfesa ce a Jami'ar Simon Fraser . A fannin ilimin halittu, an amince da Galdikas a matsayin babbar hukuma kan orangutans . Kafin ta yi nazarin ilmin halittu na orangutans, masana kimiyya ba su san komai game da nau'in ba.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Galdikas a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1946 a Wiesbaden, Greater Hesse, Jamus . Iyayenta, Antanas da Filomena Galdikas, 'yan gudun hijira ne 'yan Lithuania da suka tsere daga mamayar Soviet a jihohin Baltic bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Lokacin da Galdikas ke da shekaru biyu, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Kanada, [1] lokacin da mahaifinta ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar yin aiki a haƙar jan ƙarfe a Quebec . [2] A shekara mai zuwa, sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto, inda Galdikas ya girma. [2] Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai hakar ma'adinai da kuma ɗan kwangila. Tun yana ƙarami, kan Biruté ya cika da wahayi na dazuzzuka masu nisa da halittu masu ban mamaki. Littafin farko da ta aro daga ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Toronto labari ne game da wani biri mai suna Curious George . Lokacin da ta girma, ta sami kwarin gwiwa daga kasadar National Geographic na Jane Goodall da Dian Fossey . [3] Tana da ƙannenta biyu da ƙanwarta ɗaya. [4]
Ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1962, iyalan Galdikas suka ƙaura zuwa Vancouver . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan da Galdikas ta fara karatu a Jami'ar British Columbia (UBC), iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Amurka, inda Galdikas ta yi rajista a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA), kuma ta yi karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin dabbobi . A shekarar 1966, ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin dabbobi, wanda UCLA da UBC suka ba ta tare. A wannan shekarar ta kuma haɗu da mijinta na gaba, Rod Brindamour daga Vancouver, wanda ke kan tafiya zuwa Los Angeles. Ta auri Brindamour kuma ta sami digirinta na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga UCLA a shekarar 1969. [1]
A lokacin karatun digiri na biyu a UCLA, Galdikas ta haɗu da masanin ilimin halittar dabbobi Louis Leakey, kuma ta gabatar da wani shiri da nufin nazarin orangutans a wuraren da suke zaune. Galdikas ya shawo kan Leakey ta taimaka wajen tsara ƙoƙarinta, duk da shakkun da ya yi a farko. Leakey ta sami kuɗi daga National Geographic Society wadda ta amince ta kafa cibiyar bincike a Borneo . [4] Binciken Galdikas ya zama tushen karatun digiri na uku, kuma ta sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga UCLA a 1978. [4]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bincike a Borneo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1971, tana da shekaru 25, Galdikas da mijinta na wancan lokacin, mai ɗaukar hoto Rod Brindamour, sun isa Tanjung Puting Reserve, a Indonesian Borneo . [5] Galdikas ita ce ta uku cikin mata uku da Leakey ya naɗa don yin nazarin manyan birrai a cikin mazauninsu na halitta. Leakey ya yi wa lakabi da " The Trimates " ukun kuma sun haɗa da Jane Goodall, wacce ta yi karatun birai, da Dian Fossey, wacce ta yi karatun gorillas . Leakey da National Geographic Society sun taimaka wa Galdikas ta kafa sansanin bincikenta kusa da gefen Tekun Java, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Camp Leakey", don gudanar da nazarin filin kan birai a Borneo . Kafin karatun Galdikas, birai ba su da cikakken fahimta sosai. [6] Bincikenta na dogon lokaci a Camp Leakey, wanda aka gudanar tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗalibanta na digirin digirgir Gary Shapiro (farkon shekarun 1980) da Graham L. Banes (2000s-2010s), ya shafe tsararraki da yawa na aikin filin kuma ya ba da gudummawa sosai wajen fahimtar ɗabi'ar orangutan, muhalli, da kiyayewa. Tare, wannan aikin haɗin gwiwa ya taimaka wajen kafa ɗaya daga cikin cikakkun bayanai na tsayi akan yawan biri na daji. A lokacin, shirin binciken ya zama binciken da ya fi daɗewa a duniya na kowane dabba mai shayarwa wanda babban mai bincike ɗaya ke jagoranta. [7]
Gidauniyar Orangutan ta Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 1986, Galdikas da abokan aikinta sun kafa Gidauniyar Orangutan International (OFI), wacce ke Los Angeles, Amurka, don taimakawa wajen tallafawa 'yan orangutan a duk faɗin duniya. [5] Mijinta na biyu, Pak Bohap, wanda manomin shinkafa ne na Dayak kuma shugaban ƙabila, ya taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwa mata a Ostiraliya, Indonesia, da Burtaniya kuma shi ne daraktan shirin orangutan a Borneo. [5] [8]
Aikin bayar da shawarwari da gyaran hali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Galdikas sun zauna a Borneo sama da shekaru 40, yayin da suka zama masu fafutukar kare muhallin orangutans da kuma kiyaye muhallin dajinsu, wanda masu sare bishiyoyi, masu noma na man ja, masu hakar zinare, da kuma gobarar da ba ta dace ba ke lalata su cikin sauri. [1] Kokarin kiyaye muhallin Galdikas ya kuma wuce gona da iri wajen kare muhalli, tare da mai da hankali kan gyaran muhallin orangutans marayu da aka mika mata don kulawa. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan marayun a da dabbobin gida ne ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kafin su zama masu wayo da wahalar kula da su.
Ta rubuta littattafai da dama, ciki har da wani tarihin rayuwa mai suna Reflections of Eden . [5] A cikinsa, Galdikas ta bayyana abubuwan da ta fuskanta a Camp Leakey da kuma ƙoƙarin da take yi na gyara tsoffin 'yan orangutan da aka kama da kuma sake su cikin dazuzzukan Borneo.
Galdikas farfesa ce a Jami'ar Simon Fraser da ke Burnaby, British Columbia, kuma Farfesa Extraordinaire a Jami'ar Indonesia da ke Jakarta. [5] Ta kuma kasance shugabar Gidauniyar Orangutan International da ke Los Angeles, California. [7]
A shekarar 2021, Galdikas ya zama mai kula da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kare muhalli mai Ancient Woods Foundation da nufin kare sauran dazuzzukan da suka tsufa a Lithuania tare da dukkan nau'ikan halittu a can.
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Galdikas ta rasu a Los Angeles a ranar 24 ga Maris 2026, tana da shekaru 79. Ta daɗe tana fama da cutar kansar huhu. [9]
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedgallardo - ↑ Pfeiff, Margo (1993). "Mother to the Apes". Reader's Digest. 143 (855): 127–132.
- 1 2 3 "Profile: Biruté Galdikas". www.science.ca. 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "scienceca" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 5 "Biruté Galdikas". Orangutan Foundation International Australia. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "orangutanfoundation" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Tyler Environmental Prize". www.usc.edu. 1997. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007.
- 1 2 "Scientist, conservationist, educator: for over five decades Dr. Biruté Mary Galdikas has studied and worked closely with the orangutans of Indonesian Borneo in their natural habitat, and is today the world's foremost authority on the orangutan". orangutan.org. Orangutan Foundation International. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "aboutofi" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Dr. Biruté Mary Galdikas—Dr. Galdikas Biography" (in Turanci). Orangutan Foundation International. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ↑ Chung, Emily (25 March 2026). "Canadian orangutan scientist Biruté Galdikas dead at 79". CBC. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 27 March 2026.