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Bishara ta dandamali

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Bishara ta dandamali

Wa'azin dandamali (wanda kuma ake kira dangantakar masu haɓakawa, [1] mai haɓakawa da wa'azin dandamali, [2] mai ba da shawara kan masu haɓakawa, [3] ko wa'azin API [4] ) shine amfani da wa'azin fasaha ga dandamali mai bangarori da yawa . Yana neman hanzarta haɓaka yanayin kasuwancin dandamali na kayayyaki masu dacewa, waɗanda masu haɓaka ( ɓangare na uku ) masu zaman kansu suka ƙirƙira, a matsayin hanyar da za a iya ƙara yawan kasuwar dandamali. Wannan shiri ya mayar da hankali kan samar wa masu haɓakawa albarkatun don ƙirƙira, shiga, da kuma ba da ra'ayi don haɓaka dandamali.

Dandalin da ke da bangarori da yawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dandalin da ke da bangarori da yawa yana samar da ƙima ta hanyar haɗa ƙungiyoyi biyu ko fiye daban-daban waɗanda za su iya ƙirƙirar ƙima fiye da rabuwa. [5] Misalan sun haɗa da masu siye da masu siyarwa a gwanjo ; masu karatu da masu tallata jarida ; da kuma mutanen da ke cikin sabis na soyayya ta yanar gizo . Mai sayar da dandamali zai iya samun riba ta hanyar kama wani ɓangare na kuɗin da ke canza hannu. [6] Masu sayar da dandamali za su iya zama masu kula da kasuwanninsu na zahiri .

Misali na wa'azin dandamali shine Sashen Wa'azin Masu Haɓakawa da Tsarin dandamali a Microsoft, wanda ke daidaita kwamfutar mutum (PC) da tsarin shirye-shiryen sabar. [7] Hakanan yana samar da kayan aiki don dandamalin Microsoft.NET, yana sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwa tsakanin samfuran Enterprise Server na wannan tsarin da dandamalin Windows. [7] A cewar Jim Allchin, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Rukunin Platforms, sashen kuma yana ba da tallafi ga miliyoyin masu haɓaka software waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan fasahohi masu inganci da araha.

Masu haɓakawa da masu amfani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dandali da yawa suna da ɓangarori biyu kacal: ɗaya na masu amfani da ɗayan kuma na masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu ( na ɓangare na uku ). Masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu suna samarwa da sayar da kayayyaki masu dacewa, wanda kuma ake kira "aikace-aikacen dandamali," kai tsaye ga masu amfani da dandamalin. Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna dogara ne akan ayyukan dandamali don aiki. Gabaɗaya, masu amfani suna fifita dandamali mai yawan aikace-aikace masu daraja, yayin da masu haɓakawa suka fi son dandamali mai yawan masu amfani da kuɗi masu yawa. [8]

Misalan baya-bayan nan na dandamali masu gefe biyu waɗanda suka yi nasarar jawo hankalin masu amfani da masu haɓakawa sun haɗa da Apple iPhone, [9] [10] Nintendo Wii, [11] Adobe Flash, [12] da Microsoft Windows . [13]

Sauran misalai sun haɗa da wutar lantarki ta gida (don kayan aiki ), maƙallin tarakta na gona mai maki uku (don kayan aikin noma), na'urorin ɗaura ruwan tabarau na kyamara (don ruwan tabarau masu canzawa), layin Picatinny (don kayan haɗi da aka ɗora da bindiga), da na'urorin watsa labarai kamar na'urorin rikodi, na'urorin CD, da na'urorin DVD (don abubuwan da ke cikin kafofin watsa labarai).

Wa'azin dandamali yana kafawa da kuma kula da yanayin dandamali, [14] wanda ke buƙatar ayyuka guda biyar a lokaci guda: 1) tallace-tallace, 2) ba da dama, 3) ra'ayoyi, 4) hankali, da kuma 5) tsari.

Tallace-tallacen tsarin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tallace-tallacen tsarin muhalli wani yunƙuri ne na shawo kan wasu kamfanoni su haɓaka kayayyaki masu dacewa don yanayin kasuwancin dandamali. Halayen masu bishara na dandamali masu nasara [15] da masu siyarwa [16] suna da kama da juna, gami da zurfin ilimin samfura, tausayi, barkwanci, mutunci, ƙwarewar sadarwa, hali mai kyau, sha'awar kamuwa da cuta, sha'awar gaske don taimaka wa wasu, da sauransu. Babban bambanci shine cikin "yunwar kuɗi" tsakanin masu siyarwa. [16] Wannan ba zai yiwu a gamsu da bisharar fasaha ba, wanda zai fi zama cibiyar kuɗi fiye da cibiyar riba, don haka ba zai iya biyan kwamitocin tallace-tallace ba.

Albarkatun ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wannan ɓangaren bisharar dandamali za a iya ganinsa a matsayin hukumar canji da masu siyarwa ke ɗaukar nauyinta a cikin yaɗa wani sabon abu (dandalin). Saboda haka, bisharar dandamali tana da alhakin ƙirƙirar albarkatun da ke ba masu haɓakawa damar ci gaba cikin sauri ta hanyar tsarin karɓar sabbin abubuwa ("albarkatun ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa").

Kowace mataki daban-daban na tsarin ɗaukar dandamali yana buƙatar albarkatun ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa daban-daban. Nauyin mai wa'azin dandamali ne ya tabbatar da cewa kowace albarkatun ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa ta wanzu cikin lokaci.

Ra'ayoyin tsarin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Domin masu haɓaka dandamali galibi za su zaɓi dandamali mara kyau idan ƙimar haɓakawarsa ta nuna cewa nan ba da jimawa ba zai zama dandamali mafi kyau, har ma dandamali mafi kyau dole ne ya inganta cikin sauri. Don sauƙaƙe wannan ci gaba mai sauri, wa'azin dandamali yana shirya da kuma ƙarfafa ra'ayoyin masu haɓaka yanayin muhalli a cikin mai siyar da dandamali.

Ilimin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayanan sirri na tsarin muhalli yana tattara bayanai game da ayyukan da manufofin sauran masu sayar da dandamali daga tushe a cikin da kewayen tsarin halittu masu haɓakawa.

Tsarin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Domin guje wa gazawar kasuwa na dandamali masu bangarori da yawa, bisharar dandamali sau da yawa za ta shiga cikin tsarin tsarin kasuwanci wanda ke kewaye da dandamalin ta. Irin wannan ƙa'ida tana haɗa kayan aiki na doka, fasaha, bayanai, da sauran kayan aiki (tare da saita farashi) don rage farashin abubuwan waje, rikitarwa, rashin tabbas, rashin daidaiton bayanai, da matsalolin daidaitawa .

Gasar dandamali da wa'azin dandamali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sau da yawa, dandamali masu fa'ida biyu masu fa'ida - kowannensu yana ba da fa'idodi iri ɗaya ga ɓangaren masu haɓaka - suna fara yaɗuwa ta kasuwa a kusan lokaci guda. [17] Mai siyarwa na kowane dandamali yana gasa [18] da sauran masu siyarwa, ta hanyar wa'azin dandamali, don samun kaso na kasuwa tsakanin masu haɓaka kasuwa masu yuwuwar. [19]

Annabcin cika kai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Idan yana da tsada a sake haɓaka aikace-aikace don kai hari ga dandamali na biyu (ko na uku), to masu haɓakawa za su yi amfani da, da farko, dandamalin da suka yi imanin yana da mafi girman damar riba ta rayuwa . Wannan yakan zama annabci mai cika kansa, inda dandamalin da aka fara ganin yana da mafi girman damar riba ta rayuwa yakan tara yawancin aikace-aikacen, wanda hakan ke sa ya fi jan hankali ga masu amfani, wanda hakan ke sa ya fi jan hankali ga masu haɓakawa, da sauransu, a cikin zagaye mai kyau, har sai an kai ga wani babban taro (wanda kuma aka sani da wurin samun riba ), ta yadda zai fi sauran dandamali… kuma daga ƙarshe ya zo ya bayar da mafi girman damar riba ta rayuwa, kamar yadda aka annabta. Wannan yana sa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mai siyarwar dandamali ya shawo kan masu haɓakawa tun daga farko, ko da kafin dandamalin ya zama kasuwa ga masu amfani, [17] cewa dandamalin sa zai sami mafi girman damar riba ta rayuwa. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga zagayowar shaharar masana'antar fasaha ta zamani .

Tasirin hanyar sadarwa, dogaro da hanya, da kuma ƙa'idodin gaskiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Idan kasuwa tana da tasirin hanyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi, to waɗannan dandamali waɗanda ke samun ƙarancin masu amfani da farko za su iya daina wanzuwa, wanda hakan zai sa su zama ba ga waɗanda za su iya karɓar su daga baya ba. Wannan dogaro ne akan hanya . Idan adadin zaɓuɓɓukan dandamali masu ma'ana a kasuwa ya faɗi zuwa 1, to wannan "zaɓi mai ma'ana kawai" ya zama <i id="mw5Q">ma'aunin</i> kasuwa (wanda kuma aka sani da Tsarin Mulki ) ta ma'anarsa.

Canja farashin, kullewa, da riba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Idan farashin sauyawa daga ma'aunin de facto zuwa sabon madadin ya wuce fa'idar da mahalarta kasuwa na farko suka samu waɗanda suka yi wannan canjin, to kasuwa za ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali , tare da hannun jarin kasuwa ya kusan kusan kashi 100%. Kasuwannin da ke da alaƙa sosai suna da juriya ga canji fiye da kasuwannin da ba su da alaƙa da juna. Kulle-kulle yana sa ma'aunin de facto ya zama wanda ba ya fuskantar gasa mai yawa, ta yadda kawai wani sabon abu mai kawo cikas zai iya maye gurbinsa. Mallakar ma'aunin de facto da aka kulle zai iya zama lasisin buga kuɗi na dogon lokaci.

Rabawar manya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba dukkan kasuwanni ne ke kullewa cikin ƙa'idar da ba ta da tabbas, kuma hakika, abubuwa da yawa suna yin karo da irin wannan sakamako. [20] Duk da haka, mallakar dandamali na farko don kafa tarin kayayyaki masu dacewa, tare da tsadar sauyawa, na iya haifar da fa'idodi ga masu farawa waɗanda za su iya yin babban tasiri ga tabbatar da cewa mutum ya sami babban rabo na kasuwar da ta girma.

Ma'ana zuwa ƙarshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Saboda haka, dangane da ɓangaren masu haɓaka dandamali mai ɓangarori biyu, alhakin wa'azin dandamali ne ya:

  • Ƙara yawan da ingancin kayayyakin da ke cikin dandalin;
  • Samar wa masu haɓaka kayayyaki masu dacewa da dama mai kyau ta samun riba;
  • Ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da wannan dama ga masu haɓaka kayayyaki masu dacewa;
  • Rage farashi da haɗarin da ke tattare da haɓaka kayayyaki masu dacewa;
  • Ƙara kaso na kayayyakin da ke cikin kasuwa waɗanda aka ƙera da farko, mafi kyau, ko kuma kawai don dandamalin sa;
  • Ƙara tasirin hanyar sadarwa da dandamalin sa da kayan haɗin sa ke samarwa;
  • Ƙara farashin sauya wurin dandamali, yayin da rage farashin sauya wurin;
  • A yi adawa da ƙoƙarin da masu sayar da dandamali masu fafatawa ke yi na yin hakan.

A takaice, alhakin wa'azin dandamali ne na tsara, haɓakawa, kula da, da faɗaɗa girma da lafiyar tsarin dandamali, ta yadda masu haɓaka za su zaɓi shiga da farko, mafi kyau, ko kuma kawai a cikin wannan tsarin.

A ƙarshe, waɗannan duk hanyoyi ne na cimma mafi girman kaso na ɓangaren masu haɓaka kasuwa na kasuwar da aka yi niyya. Ko wannan, bi da bi, hanya ce ta kawo ƙarshen haɓaka hannun jari a ɓangaren masu amfani da kasuwa, ko akasin haka, ya dogara ne akan dabarun farashin mai siyar da dandamali.

  • Idan mai siyarwar dandamali ya fi samun riba daga ɓangaren mai haɓakawa (kamar yadda Adobe ke yi da Flash ), to haɓaka rabon masu haɓakawa shine ƙarshen ƙarshe.
  • Idan mai siyar da dandamali ya fi samun riba daga ɓangaren mai amfani (kamar yadda Microsoft ke yi da Windows ), to haɓaka rabon masu haɓakawa hanya ce ta ƙarshe ta ƙara yawan rabon masu amfani.

Ka'ida da gudanarwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tattalin arzikin kasuwannin da ke da bangarori daban-daban kwanan nan ya kasance ƙarƙashin binciken ilimi, [21] [22] don haka ka'idar da ke ƙarƙashin aikin wa'azin dandamali mai ƙarfi ba za ta fahimci aikin da masu yin ta ba sosai - yanayin da ya ba da gudummawa ga gazawar kasuwa da yawa masu ban tsoro.

Gabaɗaya, ana iya ganin yin wa'azin ɓangaren masu haɓaka dandamali mai ɓangarori da yawa a matsayin amfani da tasirin zamantakewa don hanzarta yaɗuwar sabon abu, a cikin tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi, a gaban tasirin hanyar sadarwa, don samun riba ta tattalin arziki (ga mai siyar da dandamali ko ga al'umma gaba ɗaya ). Saboda haka, fahimtar ka'idar da aiwatar da tasirin zamantakewa, yaɗuwar sabbin abubuwa, yanayin tsarin, yanayin kirkire-kirkire, tasirin hanyar sadarwa, tattalin arzikin kirkire-kirkire, da tattalin arzikin dandamali masu ɓangarori da yawa yana da mahimmanci ga ƙira da gudanar da kamfen ɗin bishara mai inganci da tasiri na dandamali.

Yawancin ka'idar da kuma ayyukan wa'azin dandamali, kamar yadda waɗannan tushen ka'idoji suka yi tasiri a kansu, har yanzu ba a rubuta su dalla-dalla ba, don haka ba a samun su ga sabbin masu wa'azin bishara ko manajojinsu ba. Saboda ci gaban ƙwarewa a kowane fanni yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo da aiki, [23] [24] ba za a iya tsammanin masu sayar da sabbin dandamali su sami ƙwarewa a cikin gida wajen tsara da kuma sarrafa kamfen ɗin wa'azin dandamali masu tasiri ba.

  • Tallan Bishara
  • Wa'azin fasaha
  • Mai wa'azin fasaha
  • Mai wa'azin apple
  • Tasirin hanyar sadarwa
  • Makullin mai siyarwa
  • Tsarin tsarin
  • Tattalin arzikin kirkire-kirkire
  • Yaɗuwar sabbin abubuwa
  • Kasuwannin biyu
  • Tsarin al'umma
  • Tallace-tallace
  • Talla
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