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Bishiyoyi na Birnin New York

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Dajin birane na Birnin New York an nuna shi a cikin hoton tauraron dan adam daga 2002 wanda tauraron dan kasa na Terra ya dauka. Ƙungiyoyin infrared na kusa suna inganta wuraren ciyayi a cikin launi na ƙarya.

Ƙasar da ta ƙunshi Birnin New York tana da kusan itatuwa miliyan 5.2 da nau'ikan bishiyoyi daban-daban 168, tun daga shekarar 2020.[1] Gwamnatin Birnin New York, tare da Kungiyoyin muhalli iri-iri, suna aiki sosai don dasa da kula da bishiyoyi.[1] Ya zuwa 2020, Birnin New York ya gudanar da kadada 44,509 na bishiyoyi na birane tare da kashi 24% na ƙasar da aka rufe da bishiyoyi.[1]

Tarihin bishiyoyi a Birnin New York

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

CiBishiyoyi sun ci gaba da girma a kan ƙasar da tsibirai waɗanda yanzu suka ƙunshi Birnin New York tun ƙarshen zamanin Pleistocene.[2] Bishiyoyi sun zauna a cikin ko kewaye da abin da ke yanzu Birnin New York sama da shekaru miliyan 300, tun kafin wanzuwar bil'adama.[2] Ginin mutum na farko a yankin NYC an tsara shi tun farkon shekaru 9,000 da suka gabata, wannan ya nuna farkon canjin ɗan adam na dindindin na tsohuwar yanayin gandun daji.[3]

Tasirin bil'adama na bishiyoyi a Birnin New York ya hanzarta sosai tare da mulkin mallaka na Turai na Amurka yayin da sabbin mazauna suka kawo kayan aikin ƙarfe na ci gaba da fasahar sarrafa bishiyoyi tare da sha'awar katako don amfani da gida da fitarwa ga wasu daga cikin Koloni goma sha uku da Tsohon Duniya.[4] Duk da yake yawan 'yan asalin Amurka suna rayuwa kuma tare da gandun daji na arewa maso gabashin gabar teku da ke da alaƙa, sabbin masu mulkin mallaka na Turai, tare da yawan jama'arsu, bukatun gidaje masu zaman kansu, da dabarun noma, sun rage buƙatar girbi' ya'yan itatuwa na daji daga bishiyoyi.[4] Sabon Duniya ya sami kansa cikin sauri ya sare daji, Birnin New York ya haɗa.[4]

Amfani da bishiyoyi na 'yan asalin Amurka

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Mutanen Lenape da suka zauna a babban yankin NYC kai tsaye kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai sun dogara da bishiyoyi don abinci, tsari, kayan aiki, man fetur, da magani.[5] Gidan Lenape na yau da kullun, wanda ake kira dogon gida, ya dogara da lanƙwasawa na kututturen da aka ɗauka daga ƙananan bishiyoyi don ƙirƙirar jerin baka don yin aiki a matsayin firam.[5]Lenape ya yi amfani da prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) a matsayin magani ga ciwon hakori saboda tauna ganye ko haushi yana haifar da tingling, ko ragewa a baki.[6]

A shekara ta 1624, a lokacin da aka kafa New Amsterdam, manyan itatuwan oak, hickory, da bishiyoyin chestnut sun girma a duk tsibirin Manhattan. Sunan "Manhattan" an rubuta shi ne kamar yadda yake magana ne game da itacen hickory tare da itace da ya dace da yin baka, wanda yake a kudancin tsibirin. A wannan lokacin, yankin da yanzu ake kira Times Square ya kasance Red Maple maras kyau.[7] Lenape ya kira Tsibirin Gwamnoni: "Pagganck," wanda ke nufin "tsibiran kwai," mai suna bayan yankunan da ke cike da itatuwan kwai.[2]

’Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun yi amfani da wuta a cikin halittu a nan kamar sauran wurare, kuma wasu daga cikin ƴan mulkin mallaka na Holland na farko sun kwafi wannan aikin.[8]

Aikin Mannahatta na Mannahatta Society ya sake gina ainihin gandun daji da yanayin muhalli na 1609 Manhattan.[9]

Amfani da bishiyoyi na mulkin mallaka

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Bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace da aka shigo da su a lokacin Yaren mutanen Holland sun haɗa da apple, ceri, peach da pear da aka dasa a cikin fitattun gonaki.[10]

A kusurwar Cherry Street da Franklin Square, shine "Cherry Garden" wanda David Provost Sr. ya dasa, kuma daga baya mai shayarwa Richard Sackett ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin "Sackett's Orchard" tare da lambun giya da kore. George Washington daga baya ya zauna a 1 Cherry Street, wurin da aka sani a matsayin gidan shugaban kasa na farko na kasar.[2] Ragowar gonar sun tsira har zuwa shekarun 1870, lokacin da aka rushe bishiyoyi na ƙarshe da gidan Washington a 1 Cherry Street, don gina Brooklyn Bridge.[2]

Lumber a Manhattan a lokacin Yaren mutanen Holland an sarrafa shi sosai a masana'antar Sawkill, wanda wani yanki na bautar Afirka ya yi aiki.[11]

Amfani da itatuwa na zamani

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A cikin birnin New York, girbin bishiyoyi don katako da kuma kula da gonakin gona don 'ya'yan itace ya ragu yayin da aka sayo dazuzzuka da filayen noma don gina yawan jama'ar birnin.[12] Parsons Nurseries, yunƙurin da aka yi na noman bishiyar kasuwanci don shigo da kayan ado, ya kasance yana aiki a Queens a ƙarshen karni na 19. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19 zuwa farkon karni na 20, ayyukan itatuwan da aka dasa a cikin birane da wuraren shakatawa na birnin New York shine samar da inuwa, taimakawa wajen sarrafa ruwan sama, da tsaftace iska ta hanyar ɗaukar wasu carbon dioxide da mazauna 18+ na birnin New York suka samar.[13]

A kokarin kiyayewa da inganta gandun daji na birane, Birnin New York yana gudanar da kokarin dasa bishiyoyi ta hanyar Sashen Parks.[14] Ya zuwa 2020, Ma'aikatar Gidajen Gidajen Kasa da Wasanni ta Birnin New York ita ce mai kula da mafi yawan itatuwan da ke girma a cikin Birnin Nework.[15] Taswirar Itacen Birnin New York taswirar mu'amala ce ta sashen wuraren shakatawa wanda ke lissafa bishiyoyi sama da 850,000 a cikin birni.

Ma'aikatar Parks ta NYC tana kiyaye Ranar Duniya da Ranar Arbor.[15]

An san itatuwan tituna a matsayin kwatanci ga rayuwar birni a cikin littafin 1943 A Tree Grows in Brooklyn .

Itacen da ya fi tsayi kuma mafi tsufa a Birnin New York ita ce itacen tulip da ke girma a Queens mai suna Queens Giant . [16]

Tsakanin shekara ta 2010 zuwa 2017, bishiyoyin birni sun karu da kashi 1.7% . [17][18]

  1. 1 2 3 "MillionTreesNYC – NYC Tree Facts". www.milliontreesnyc.org. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "How Science Reconstructs the Evolution of Trees and Forests". ThoughtCo (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  3. ↑ "Remains of Earth's oldest forest found in New York | EarthSky.org". earthsky.org (in Turanci). 20 December 2019. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  4. 1 2 3 Buck, Stephanie (2017-08-22). "The first American settlers cut down millions of trees to deliberately engineer climate change". Medium (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2018-08-16. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  5. 1 2 "Facts for Kids: Lenni Lenape Indian Tribe (Delaware Indians, Lenapes)". www.bigorrin.org. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  6. ↑ "The Truth About Trees". Urban Omnibus (in Turanci). 2019-03-13. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :9
  8. ↑ Russell, Emily W. B. (1983). "Indian-Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States". Ecology. 64 (1): 78–88. Bibcode:1983Ecol...64...78R. doi:10.2307/1937331. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 1937331.
  9. ↑ Lamb, Juliet (2016-09-08). "What Did Manhattan Look Like in 1609?". JSTOR Daily (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  10. ↑ "History of Fruit Growing in the Hudson Valley » The Jentsch Lab". blogs.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  11. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  12. ↑ "The Last Working Farm". 3 January 2009.
  13. ↑ "NYC's Urban Forest". Million Trees NYC.
  14. ↑ "Voluntary Local Review New York City's Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" (PDF). Mayor's Office. July 2018.
  15. 1 2 "History of Earth Day & Arbor Day in Parks : NYC Parks". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  16. ↑ Simon, Jordan (2015-02-20). "This is the Oldest and Tallest Tree In NYC: The Queens Giant in Alley Pond Park". Untapped New York (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-01-10.
  17. ↑ The study "NYC LiDAR". maps.nyc.gov. The dataset "Tree Canopy Change (2010 - 2017)". NYC Open Data. illustrates these changes.
  18. ↑ Holliday Smith, Rachel (12 November 2021). "First NYC Tree Canopy Study Shows Growth as Storms and Budget Cuts Threaten Gains". The City (in Turanci). Retrieved 22 March 2023.
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