Bitrus, ɗan Töre

Peter, son of Töre (Hungarian: Töre fia Péter; executed in 1213) was a Hungarian lord who served as judge royal in 1198 during the reign of King Emeric.

An san shi da jagorantar ƙungiyar manyan 'yan Hungary da ke da alhakin kisan Gertrude na Merania a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1213.

Ayyuka

Peter ɗan Töre ne (wanda kuma Turoy ne, Turwey, ko Toraj).[1] A cewar takardun da ba na gaske ba, ya yi aiki a matsayin ispán na Pozsony County daga 1193 zuwa 1195 a lokacin mulkin Sarki Béla III na ƙarshe.[2] An ambaci shi a matsayin ispán na Bihar County a 1197.[3] Sarki Emeric ya naɗa shi Alkali a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya maye gurbin Esau.[4] Baya ga haka, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ispán na Szolnok County.[5] A shekara ta 1199, ya rasa manyan mutane biyu, inda Mika Ják da Ampud (ɗan Palatine Ampud) suka maye gurbinsu.[4][5]

Yankin sa suna cikin Syrmia da kudancin Bács County . Cibiyar dukiyarsa ita ce Pétervárad - a yau Petrovaradin, wani ɓangare na ƙauyen Novi Sad, Serbia - wanda aka sanya masa suna. A cikin 1201, ya rike matsayin ispán na Sopron County .

Kashe Sarauniya Gertrude

Lokacin da Andrew II ya bar Hungary don sabon kamfen akan Galicia, ƙungiyar iyayengiji na Hungary, suna amfani da rashin Sarki, sun kama kuma sun kashe Sarauniya Gertrude da yawancin ma'aikatanta a cikin Pilis Hills a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1213. Jikin Gertrude ya fashe, yayin da ɗan'uwanta Berthold, Babban bishop na Kalocsa, da Leopold VI, Duke na Austria suka tsere. An binne Gertrude a cikin Pilis Abbey . A cewar rahotanni na zamani, Bitrus da kansa ya kashe Sarauniya, yayin da Palatine Bánk Bár-Kalán, 'Yan uwan Kacsics (Simon da Michael), da sauran iyayengiji suma suna da hannu a cikin makircin.

Dalilin da ke bayan kisan ba shi da tabbas. Daga baya al'adar ta nuna cewa ɗan'uwan Sarauniya Gertrude (Berthold) ya yi wa matar Bánk fyade, kuma Bánk ya kashe Sarauniya saboda ya ji cewa ta karfafa ɗan'uwanta. Wannan sigar ta bayyana a cikin Chronicon rhythmicum Austriacum a kusa da 1270, kuma an sake maimaita ta cikin tarihin Hungary na ƙarni na 14 (Chronica Hungarorum, Annales Posonienses da sauransu). Masanin harshe János Horváth a baya ya yi jayayya cewa marubutan a zahiri sun yi magana game da yunkurin kisan gillar Felician Záh (1330) a kan Charles I na Hungary yayin da yake kwatanta mutuwar Gertrude. József Katona's Bánk bán (wanda Ferenc Erkel ya saita waƙoƙi), inda Bitrus ya bayyana a matsayin Ban Petur, ya kuma kiyaye kuma ya yada wannan sigar. Ƙarin rubuce-rubuce daga karni na 15, bisa ga De fundatoribus monasterii Diessensis, sun nuna cewa an kashe Gertrude ba tare da laifi ba saboda ba ta san niyyar Berthold da laifinta ba.

Wani dalili mai yiwuwa shine cewa iyayengijin Hungary karkashin jagorancin Peter, masu fushi da fifiko na Sarauniya Gertrude ga magoya bayanta na Jamus, sun ji tsoron rasa matsayinsu na kotu da tasiri. 'Yan uwan Gertrude guda biyu, Ekbert, Bishop na Bamberg, da Henry II, Margrave na Istria, sun gudu zuwa Hungary a cikin 1208 bayan an zarge su da shiga cikin kisan Philip, Sarkin Jamus. Berthold na Kalocsa (tun daga 1206) an kuma nada shi Ban na Slavonia a cikin 1209 kuma daga baya Voivode na Transylvania a cikin 1212 ta hanyar korar Bánk Bár-Kalán da Michael Kacsics bi da bi. Andrew ya ba da karimci ga dangin matarsa na Jamus da ma'aikatan gidansa a bayyane ya sa iyayengijin Hungary ba su gamsu ba. Marubucin da ba a san shi ba na Gesta Hungarorum ya kuma ambaci Jamusawa daga Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki lokacin da ya haɗa da wata magana ta sarcastic cewa "yanzu ... Romawa suna kallon kayan Hungary. " Wasu kafofin kuma sun ambaci John, Archbishop na Esztergom sanannen wasika (Reginam occidere). Masanin tarihi Tamás Körmendi ya ba da shawarar cewa Bitrus yana da wani dalili na kansa a bayan kisan.

Kashewa

Lokacin da Andrew II ya ji labarin kisan matarsa, sai ya katse yakin a Galicia kuma ya koma gida. Ya ba da umarnin a kashe Peter, ɗan Töre, wanda An rataye shi a cikin kaka na 1213, kuma an kwace ƙasashensa.[1] Dangane da ci gaba da tarihin Magnus von Reichersberg, an kashe Peter tare da matarsa da dukan iyalinsa.[2] Koyaya, abokan hulɗa na Bitrus, gami da Palatine Bánk, ba su sami hukunci mai tsanani ba, mai yiwuwa saboda yanayin siyasa da ikon Andrew.[1] Bánk ya riƙe matsayi mai tasiri har ma bayan kisan.[3]

Duke Béla ne kawai, ɗan Andrew da Gertrude, ya nemi fansa bayan an nada shi Duke na Transylvania kuma ya fara sake duba manufofin mahaifinsa. A shekara ta 1228, ya kwace dukiyar Bánk da 'yan uwan Kacsics, wadanda ya zarge su da yin makirci a kan mahaifiyarsa. Tamás Körmendi ya ba da shawarar cewa sun kasance wadanda ke fama da rikice-rikicen siyasa da tsarkakewa, ana zargin su da makirci saboda dalilai na siyasa kawai. Dangane da wata takardar shaidar sarauta da aka bayar a cikin 1237, Béla IV, yanzu a matsayin sarki, ya ba da kyautar tsoffin ƙasashen Bitrus ga sabuwar Cistercian Bélakút Abbey, wanda ke cikin Archdiocese na Kalocsa .