Blanche na Castile
Blanche na Castile ( Spanish ; French ; 4 Maris 1188 - 27 Nuwamba 1252) Sarauniyar Faransa ce ta aure da Louis VIII . Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai mulki sau biyu a zamanin ɗanta, Louis IX : a lokacin tsirarunsa daga 1226 har zuwa 1234, da kuma lokacin da ba ya nan daga 1248 har zuwa 1252.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Blanche a Palencia, Spain, a shekara ta 1188, 'yar Alfonso VIII, Sarkin Castile, da Eleanor na Ingila, 'yar'uwar Sarki Richard na ɗaya na Ingila da Sarki John na Ingila . [1] A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta ziyarci Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, wanda iyayenta suka kafa, [2] sau da yawa. [3] Sakamakon Yarjejeniyar Le Goulet tsakanin Philip Augustus da John na Ingila, 'yar'uwar Blanche, Urraca, an yi wa ɗan Philip, Louis aure. Bayan haɗuwa da 'yan'uwan biyu, kakarsu Eleanor na Aquitaine (wadda ta kasance matar sarauniyar Faransa da kanta) ta yanke hukunci cewa halayen Blanche sun fi dacewa da cika wannan matsayi. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 1200, Eleanor ta ratsa Pyrenees tare da ita ta kawo ta Faransa. [3]
Bayyanar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Eleanor na Aquitaine ya yanke hukunci cewa Urraca, 'yar'uwar Blanche, ta fi Blanche kyau, kodayake Catherine Hanley ta ce ba mu da masaniya game da yadda Blanche yake. [4]
Aure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Blanche tana da shekaru goma sha biyu, kuma Louis ta girma da rabin shekara kacal, lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aure. Sarki John ya ba da sarakunan Issoudun da Graçay a matsayin sadaki. An yi bikin auren a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1200, a Port-Mort a gefen dama na Seine, a masarautar John, yayin da na Philip ke ƙarƙashin dokar hana fita . [5] [6] Blanche ta haifi ɗanta na fari a shekara ta 1205 ko 1213, kamar yadda majiyoyi daban-daban suka bayyana. [3] [7]
A lokacin tawayen da manyan sarakunan Ingila suka yi a shekarar 1215–16 a kan Sarki John, asalin dangin Blanche na Ingila ne a matsayin jikanyar Henry na Biyu wanda ya sa aka bai wa Louis sarautar Ingila a matsayin Louis na ɗaya. Duk da haka, da mutuwar John a watan Oktoba na 1216, manyan sarakunan suka canza biyayyarsu ga ɗan John, Henry mai shekaru tara.
Louis ta ci gaba da ɗaukar kambin Ingila a hannunta, sai kawai ta sami ƙasa mai haɗin kai a kansa. Philip Augustus ya ƙi taimaka wa ɗansa, kuma Blanche ita ce kaɗai mai goyon bayansa. Blanche ta tara kuɗi daga surukinta ta hanyar barazanar sanya 'ya'yanta a matsayin garkuwa. [1] Ta kafa kanta a Calais kuma ta shirya runduna biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu Eustace the Monk ne ke jagorantarta, da kuma wata runduna a ƙarƙashin Robert na Courtenay . Da sojojin Faransa suka sha kashi a Lincoln a watan Mayu na 1217 sannan suka yi musu luguden wuta a kan hanyarsu ta komawa sansaninsu na London, Louis ya buƙaci ƙarin sojoji daga Faransa da gaske. A ranar 24 ga Agusta, rundunar sojojin Ingila ta lalata rundunar sojojin Faransa da ke ɗauke da waɗannan ƙarin sojoji daga Sandwich kuma aka tilasta wa Louis ya kai ƙara don neman zaman lafiya. [ ana buƙatar ambato ]
Regency
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Philip ya mutu a watan Yulin 1223, kuma aka naɗa Louis VIII da Blanche a ranar 6 ga Agusta. [8] Bayan mutuwar Louis a watan Nuwamban 1226 sakamakon ciwon mara, [9] ya bar Blanche, a lokacin yana da shekaru 38, mai mulki kuma mai kula da 'ya'yansa. Daga cikin 'ya'yanta goma sha biyu ko goma sha uku, shida sun mutu, kuma Louis, magaji - bayan haka, mai tsarki Louis<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mweQ"> </span>IX – yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu kacal. Ta sa aka naɗa shi sarauta cikin wata guda bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a Reims kuma ta tilasta wa manyan sarakunan da ba su yarda ba su yi masa mubaya'a. Yanayin ya kasance mai matuƙar wahala, tunda Louis VIII ya mutu ba tare da ya ci galaba a kan manyan sarakunansa na kudu ba. 'Yan tsirarun sarki sun sa yankunan Capetian sun fi rauni. Don samun goyon baya, ta saki Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, wanda ke zaman bauta tun lokacin Yaƙin Bouvines . Ta miƙa filaye da gidajen sarauta ga Philip I, Count of Boulogne, ɗan Sarki Philip II na Faransa da matarsa mai jayayya, Agnes ta Merania . [10]
Manyan 'yan kasuwa da dama, karkashin jagorancin Peter Mauclerc, sun ƙi amincewa da naɗin sarkin matashi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan naɗin, Blanche da Louis suna tafiya kudancin Paris kuma kusan an kama su. Blanche ya yi kira ga mutanen Paris da su kare sarkinsu. 'Yan ƙasar sun yi layi a kan tituna kuma suka kare shi yayin da yake dawowa.
Tare da taimakon Theobald na IV na Champagne da kuma wakilin Paparoma zuwa Faransa, Romano Bonaventura, ta shirya rundunar sojoji. Bayyanar ta kwatsam ta dakatar da sarakunan na ɗan lokaci. Blanche ta sake tara sojoji don kare muradun 'yan Capetian daga manyan sarakuna masu tawaye da kuma Henry na Uku na Ingila . Blanche ta shirya wani hari na bazata a lokacin hunturu. A watan Janairun 1229, ta jagoranci rundunarta ta kai hari kan Mauclerc da tilasta masa ya gane sarkin. Ta raka rundunar da kanta ta taimaka wajen tattara itace don kiyaye sojojin dumi. [11] Ba kowa ne ya gamsu da gwamnatinta ba. Maƙiyanta sun kira ta "Dame Hersent" (kerkeci a cikin Roman de Renart ) [8]
A shekara ta 1229, ita ce ke da alhakin Yarjejeniyar Paris, [1] inda Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, ya miƙa wuya ga Louis. Bisa ga sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar, 'yarsa kuma magajinsa, Joan, ta auri ɗan Blanche, Alphonse, kuma gundumar za ta iya miƙa wuya ga magadansa kawai. Ya miƙa dukkan ƙasashen da Simon de Montfort ya ci wa kambin Faransa. Hakan kuma yana nufin ƙarshen Yaƙin Albigensian .
Domin hana Henry na Uku na Ingila samun ƙarin ƙasashen Faransa ta hanyar aure, Blanche ya hana shi amarya biyu na farko da ya nema. A shekara ta 1226, ya nemi auren Yolande na Brittany, 'yar Mauclerc. Madadin haka, Blanche ta tilasta wa mahaifinta ya ba wa ɗan Blanche John Yolande. Lokacin da Henry ya yi aure da Joan, Countess ta Ponthieu, Blanche ta yi wa Paparoma roƙon ya ƙi auren bisa ga dangantaka, yana musanta ra'ayin da Henry ya nema.
A shekara ta 1230, Henry III ya zo ya mamaye Faransa. Bayan wani mummunan tasirin da masarautar ta yi a Poitou, Blanche ya sami nasarar hana mahaifiyar Sarauniyar Ingila Isabella, Countess ta Angoulême, da mijinta na biyu, Hugh X na Lusignan, goyon bayan bangaren Ingila. Duk da haka, Mauclerc ya goyi bayan Ingila kuma Brittany ta yi tawaye a kan masarautar a shekara ta 1230. Da farko, Turawan Ingila sun sauka a Brittany tare da jarumai 275, maza a yaƙi, da kuma 'yan baranda don ganawa da abokinsa Peter I, Duke na Brittany . Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya fara da kyau ga Henry III, wanda wataƙila ya ɗauki sojojin ƙasa a nahiyar yayin da yake kawo masa maki 7,800. [12] A gefe guda kuma, sojojin Blanche sun yi mata tawaye kuma sun ƙi yin aiki fiye da kwangilar mulkin mallaka na kwanaki 40; yawancinsu sun wargaje bayan kwanaki 40. [12] Philip I, Count of Boulogne, ya bar rundunar sarakuna ya ci gaba da kai hari a Champagne. [12] Blanche dole ne ya bi Philip don ya yi ƙoƙarin hana shi kai hari a cikin muhimmin yankin, wanda hakan ya bar Henry III ya ci gaba ba tare da wata babbar turjiya ba. [12]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Jackson 1999.
- ↑ Shadis 2010.
- 1 2 3 Wheeler & Parsons 2002.
- ↑ Hanley 2016.
- ↑ Powicke 1999.
- ↑ Baldwin 1986.
- ↑ de Montfort.
- 1 2 ""Blanche of Castile, queen of France", Epistolae, Columbia University". Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2011. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "epistolae" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Gies & Gies 1978.
- ↑ Weiler et al. 2007.
- ↑ Abulafia 1999.
- 1 2 3 4 Cite error: Invalid
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