Boris Nemtsov

 

Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov (9 Oktoba 1959 - 27 Fabrairu 2015) masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Rasha, ɗan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi, jagoran 'yan adawa kuma babban mai sukar Vladimir Putin. A farkon aikinsa na siyasa, ya shiga cikin gabatar da sauye-sauye a cikin tattalin arzikin Rasha bayan Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin 1990s karkashin Shugaba Boris Yeltsin, shi ne gwamnan farko na yankin Nizhny Novgorod (1991-1997). Daga baya ya yi aiki a gwamnatin kasar Rasha a matsayin ministan man fetur da makamashi (1997), mataimakin firaministan kasar Rasha kuma memba na kwamitin tsaro daga 1997 zuwa 1998. A 1998, ya kafa kungiyar matasa Rasha. A cikin 1998, ya kafa ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Right Cause kuma a cikin 1999, ya kafa Union of Right Forces, ƙungiyar zaɓe kuma daga baya jam'iyyar siyasa. Nemtsov ya kasance memba na Congress of People's Deputies (1990), Federation Council (1993-97) da State Duma (1999-2003).

Daga 2000 har zuwa mutuwarsa, ya kasance mai sukar Vladimir Putin. Ya soki gwamnatin Putin a matsayin wacce ke kara samun karfin mulki, rashin bin tsarin dimokuradiyya, yana mai bayyana yadda ake tafka almubazzaranci da cin riba gabanin wasannin Olympics na Sochi, da tsoma bakin siyasa da Rashawa a Ukraine. Bayan 2008, Nemtsov ya buga rahotanni masu zurfi da ke bayyana cin hanci da rashawa a karkashin Putin, wanda ya haɗa kai tsaye tare da shugaban kasar. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan gwagwarmayar siyasa, Nemtsov ya kasance mai shiryawa da kuma shiga cikin masu zanga-zangar 'yan adawa, Strategy-31 ayyukan jama'a da rallies "Don Zaben Gaskiya".

An kashe Nemtsov a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2015, kusa da abokin aikinsa na Ukraine Anna Durytska, a kan gada kusa da Kremlin a Moscow, tare da harbe-harbe hudu daga baya. A lokacin da aka kashe shi, ya kasance a Moscow yana taimakawa wajen shirya zanga-zangar adawa da tsoma bakin sojojin Rasha a Ukraine da rikicin kudi na Rasha. A sa'i daya kuma, yana aiki ne da wani rahoto da ke nuna cewa sojojin kasar Rasha na yaki tare da 'yan tawaye masu goyon bayan Rasha a gabashin Ukraine, wanda fadar Kremlin ke musantawa, kuma ba ta samu karbuwa daga waje ba har ma a Rasha. A ƙarshen watan Yunin 2017, juriya ta same maza biyar da aka haifa a Chechnya da laifi a kotun Moscow don amincewa da kashe Nemtsov a musayar rubles miliyan 15 (US $ 253,000); ba a san ainihin ko inda mutumin da ya hayar su ba.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov a Sochi a 1959 ga Yefim Davidovich Nemtsova da Dina Yakovlevna Nemtsova (née Eidman). Mahaifiyarsa, likita ce, Bayahude ce.

Nemtsov was raised in Gorky, now Nizhny Novgorod. His parents divorced when he was five years old. In his autobiography, Nemtsov recounts that his Russian Orthodox paternal grandmother had him baptized as an infant, and that he became a practicing Orthodox Christian. He found out about his baptism many years later.

Nazarin da aikin ilimi

Daga 1976 zuwa 1981 Nemtsov ya karanci ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a jami'ar jihar Gorky da ke birnin Gorky, inda ya sami digiri a shekarar 1981.

Yana da shekaru 25 a shekarar 1985, ya kare karatunsa na PhD a fannin Physics da Mathematics daga Jami'ar Jihar Gorky . Har zuwa 1990, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Radiophysical, kuma ya samar da littattafai sama da 60 na ilimi da suka shafi kimiyyar lissafi, thermodynamics da acoustics.

Ya ba da shawarar samfurin ka'idoji don laser na acoustic da kuma sabon ƙirar antennas don binciken sararin samaniya.  

Ayyukan siyasa, 1986-2004

Boris Nemtsov, shugaban jam'iyyar 'yan majalisar dokoki ta Union of Right Forces, tare da Shugaba Vladimir Putin, Yuli 2000

Nemtsov a taron tattalin arziki na duniya, 2 ga Oktoba 2003, Moscow

Barack Obama da shugabannin siyasa na Rasha, wato masu sassaucin ra'ayi Leonid Gozman, Boris Nemtsov, kwaminisanci Gennady Zyuganov, dan jam'iyyar dimokuradiyya Yelena Mizulina da kuma dan jam'iyya mai sassaucin Ra'ayi Sergey Mitrokhin

A sakamakon bala'in Chernobyl a cikin 1986, Nemtsov ya shirya wata zanga-zanga a garinsa wanda ya hana gina tashar tukunyar jirgi mai sarrafa makamashin nukiliya a yankin.

A shekara ta 1989, Nemtsov bai yi nasara ba ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayyar Soviet a kan wani dandamali na sake fasalin wanda a lokacin ya kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, yana haɓaka ra'ayoyi kamar dimokuradiyyar jam'iyyu da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

A zaben farko na ‘yanci na Rasha a shekarar 1990, ya tsaya takarar jam’iyyar Soviet koli ta Jamhuriyar Rasha mai wakiltar Gorky, daga baya aka sake masa suna Nizhny Novgorod. An zabi Nemtsov, wanda ba dan gurguzu ba ne kawai. Ya ci wasu goma sha biyu. Da zarar a cikin majalisa ya shiga kungiyoyin siyasa na "Reform Coalition" da "Centre-Left".

A cikin majalisar dokokin Rasha, Nemtsov ya kasance a cikin kwamitin majalisa, yana aiki a kan sake fasalin aikin gona da kuma sassaucin cinikin kasashen waje. A wannan matsayi ya sadu da Boris Yeltsin, wanda ya burge shi da aikinsa. A lokacin Yunkurin juyin mulki na Oktoba 1991 da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Soviet suka yi, Nemtsov ya goyi bayan shugaban kasa kuma ya tsaya kusa da shi a duk lokacin rikici. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan, Yeltsin ya ba da lada ga amincin Nemtsov tare da matsayin wakilin shugaban kasa [yanawa da ake buƙata] a yankin gidansa na Nizhny Novgorod .  

A cikin Nuwamba 1991, Yeltsin ya nada shi Gwamnan Jihar Nizhny Novgorod. An sake zaɓe shi a wannan matsayi ta hanyar ƙuri'ar jama'a a watan Disamba na 1995. Wa'adinsa ya kasance mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa mai suna "Laboratory of Reform" na Nizhny Novgorod kuma ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaban tattalin arziki ga yankin. Sauye-sauyen da Nemtsov ya yi ya samu yabo daga tsohuwar Firaministan Birtaniya Margaret Thatcher, wadda ta ziyarci Nizhny Novgorod a shekarar 1993.

Tun daga farkon lokacin Nemtsov a Tun daga farkon lokacin da Nemtsov ya zama gwamna, a cewar Serge Schmemann, Nemtsov "ya fara wani kamfen na guguwa don kawo sauyi a yankin, tare da samun goyon baya mai ɗorewa daga ɗimbin hukumomin Yamma." Ko da yake lardin da aka rufe ga 'yan kasashen waje na shekaru da kuma "babu ko da isasshen takarda kudi ga privatization shirin", ya kasance mai kaffa game da Moscow ta nan gaba da kuma saboda haka "tura gaba da kansa, ko da bayar da nasa kudi - chits, da za a ƙarshe musanya ga rubles cewa ya zo da aka sani da 'Nemtsovki.'" Nemtsov sosai a fili ya dubi ga West' model. Nemtsov, Schmemann ya lura, ya karbi lakabin "Gwamna" maimakon "Shugaban Gudanarwa" na Rasha.

Bayan mutuwar Nemtsov, Leonid Bershidsky ya tuna haduwa da shi a shekarar 1992 a lokacin da yake gwamna. "Wani ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi," in ji Bershidsky, "yana ƙoƙarin yin aikin tattalin arziƙi na sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin wani birni mai cike da ruɗani na zamanin Soviet wanda ya daɗe yana da iyaka ga baƙi." Bershidsky ya bayyana balaga da halayensa a matsayin "wani ɗan siyasar fim na Hollywood da aka dasa shi zuwa cikin ƙasar Rasha."

A shekara ta 1996, Nemtsov ya kawo Yeltsin takarda tare da sa hannun hannu daya game da Ya kare Chechen na farko, wanda ya sanya hannu da kansa.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1997, an nada Nemtsov Mataimakin Firayim Minista na farko na Rasha, tare da alhakin musamman na sake fasalin bangaren makamashi. An ba shi aiki tare da sake fasalin mallaka da sake fashewa da gidaje da bangarorin zamantakewa. Ya zama sananne ga jama'a kuma ya bayyana an fi so ya zama Shugaban Rasha a shekarar 2000. Boris Yeltsin ya gabatar da shi ga Bill Clinton a matsayin wanda ya zaba. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1997, kuri'un ra'ayi sun ba Nemtsov goyon baya sama da kashi 50% a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa. Ayyukansa na siyasa, duk da haka, ya sha wahala a watan Agustan 1998 bayan faduwar kasuwar Rasha da rikicin tattalin arziki da ya biyo baya.

Nemtsov ya yi aiki a cikin "White House" na Moscow na tsawon shekara guda da rabi kawai, ko da yake ya ce ya sami nasara. Ya kawo karshen cin hanci da rashawa na karkatar da kudaden kasafin kudi a bankunan kasuwanci. Ya kuma yi nasarar bullo da dokar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ga duk wani saye na gwamnati a jihohi. Ya kuma taimaka wajen kawo karshen fitar da danyen man da ake fitarwa ba bisa ka’ida ba, sannan ya sanya sayar da man a bayyane. "Kuma, mafi mahimmanci, yayin da nake ministan da ke da alhakin man fetur da makamashi, man fetur ya kasance a kusan dalar Amurka 10 a kowace ganga, kuma har yanzu mun yi nasarar ceton Rasha. Abubuwa sun kasance masu wuyar gaske, abin da ke da rikici na zamantakewa, yajin, yakin Chechnya, 'tsoho', kuma har yanzu - bari in maimaita - mun ceci Rasha."

A matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar tattalin arziki ta Anatoly Chubais, an tilasta Nemtsov ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na Mataimakin Firayim Minista. Bayan korar Firayim Minista Victor Chernomyrdin a shekarar 1998, an sake nada Nemtsov Mataimakin Firayim Ministan, amma ya yi murabus jim kadan bayan haka lokacin da Yeltsin ya rushe gwamnati. A cewar The Economist, Nemtsov, ba kamar sauran manyan jami'an gwamnati ba, "ya fito ne daga shekarun 1990s masu wahala tare da sunansa ba tare da lalacewa ba". 

Tun farkon 1998, Nemtsov yana da gidan yanar gizon sirri akan RuNet. Nemtsov.ru An ajiye shi a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2014 a Wayback Machine ya nemi samar da bayanai ga masu amfani da shi wanda ba a samu a wani wuri ba kuma yana daya daga cikin yunƙurin farko da wani ɗan siyasa ya yi don kafa hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu tare da masu sauraro.

A watan Agusta 1999, Nemtsov ya zama daya daga cikin co-kafa Union of Right Forces, wani sa'an nan sabon Liberal-demokradiyya hadin gwiwa wanda ya samu kusan 6 kuri'u miliyan, ko 8.6% na kuri'un, a zaben 'yan majalisa a watan Disamba 1999. Nemtsov da kansa aka zaba a cikin Jihar Duma, ko ƙananan majalisar wakilai a watan Fabrairu 0.0. Sergei Kiriyenko ya yi murabus kuma an zabi Nemtsov a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar da kuma kungiyar 'yan majalisar dokoki. [wane?] Fiye da kashi 70% na wakilai a taron ƙungiyar 'yancin ɗan adam a watan Mayun 2001 sun tabbatar da shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar. A cewar Nemtsov, Ƙungiyar "Koyaushe ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi biyu, ƙungiyar Nemtsov da ƙungiyar Chubais", tare da tsohon "dangane da ka'idoji da akida yayin da ƙungiyar Chubais ta kasance mai tasiri, wadda ta kasance ta hanyar ka'idojin realpolitik." A kan shawarar Nemtsov. Boris Brevnov ya zama Shugaban Kwamitin RAO UES na Rasha. 

A shekara ta 2002, sunansa ya bayyana a cikin jerin sunayen mutane da yawa waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su a lokacin rikicin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow suna son yin magana kai tsaye. Nemtsov dai bai shiga tattaunawar ba inda daga baya ya ce Putin ya umarce shi da kada ya je.

A shekara ta 2003, Nemtsov ya kasance a cikin tsaka mai wuya na siyasa - yayin da ya yi imani da cewa manufofin Shugaba Vladimir Putin na mayar da mulkin demokraɗiyya da 'yancin jama'a a Rasha, yana buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tare da babban shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan adawa, Anatoly Chubais, wanda ya yarda da layin sulhu zuwa Kremlin. A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na Disamba 2003, ƙungiyar 'yan rajin kare haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin Nemtsov da Chubais sun sami ƙuri'u miliyan 2.4 kawai, kashi 4% na jimillar, kuma ta haka ta faɗi ƙasa da kashi 5% da ake bukata don shiga majalisar kuma a sakamakon haka ta rasa kujerunta. A cikin Janairu 2004 Nemtsov ya yi murabus daga shugabancin jam'iyyar. Ya zama Shugaban Majalisar Daraktocin Neftianoi, wani kamfanin mai, kuma mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa ga shugaban Ukraine Viktor Yuschenko.  

Ayyukan baya, 2004-2015

Taron hadin gwiwar "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption", 2010

Taron hadin gwiwar "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption", 2011

A watan Janairun 2004, Nemtsov ya rubuta wata kasida a jaridar Nezavisimaya Gazeta mai taken "Ƙara ga Mafi rinjayen Putin", tare da mai ba shi shawara na dogon lokaci kuma abokin aikin jam'iyyar Vladimir V. Kara-Murza. Wannan labarin ya yi gargaɗi game da haɗarin mulkin kama-karya na Putin da ke tafe. Daga baya a cikin wannan watan, ya kafa "Kwamitin 2008", wata ƙungiyar adawa ta Rasha wadda ta haɗa da Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Bukovsky da sauran fitattun masu sassaucin ra'ayi.

A watan Fabrairun 2004, an nada Nemtsov a matsayin darektan bankin Neftyanoi, kuma a matsayin shugaban Neftyanoi Concern, wani kamfanin mai da kuma iyayen bankin. A watan Disambar 2005, duk da haka, masu gabatar da kara sun ba da sanarwar gudanar da bincike a bankin, bayan zargin karkatar da kudade da kuma zamba. Daga baya Nemtsov ya yi murabus daga mukaman biyu, yana mai cewa yana son rage tabarbarewar siyasa ga bankin daga ci gaba da shiga harkokin siyasar Rasha. Nemtsov ya kuma yi zargin cewa watakila an kai wa bankinsa hari ne saboda abokantaka da goyon bayan tsohon Firaminista Mikhail Kasyanov, wanda ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2008.

A lokacin zaben shugaban kasar Ukraine na shekara ta 2004, Nemtsov ya fito ne a matsayin mai goyon bayan mai nasara Viktor Yushchenko, yayin da gwamnatin Rasha ta goyi bayan abokin hamayyarsa, Viktor Yanukovych . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Juyin Juya Halin Orange, yayin da aka kira zaben da jerin zanga-zangar a Ukraine, Yushchenko ya nada Nemtsov a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki. Babban burin Nemtsov shine inganta dangantakar kasuwanci tsakanin Ukraine da Rasha, wanda ya lalace bayan gwamnatin Putin ta goyi bayan abokin hamayyar Yushchenko a zaben shugaban kasa. Zaɓin Yushchenko na Nemtsov ya kasance mai kawo rigima saboda sukar da Nemtsov ke yi wa Putin.

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin Nemtsov da gwamnatin Ukraine ta zama mara daidaituwa a tsakiyar shekara ta 2005 biyo bayan zarge-zargen cewa Nemtsov ya soki yanke shawara na majalisar ministocin Ukraine, kuma ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta yi kira ga Yushchenko ya kori Nemtsov. Duk da zargi, ya kasance a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga Yushchenko har zuwa Oktoba 2006, lokacin da ofishin shugaban Ukraine ya sanar da cewa an "sage Nemtsov daga ayyukansa a matsayin mai mai ba da shawarar shugaban kasa mai zaman kansa".

Taron Moscow, titin Yakimanka, filin Bolotnaya, Fabrairu 2012

Nemtsov ya kasance dan takarar shugabancin Rasha a Zaben 2008. A ranar 26 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, Nemtsov ya janye takararsa don zaben 2008, yana mai cewa ba ya so ya fitar da kuri'u daga ɗayan dan takarar "yan adawar dimokuradiyya", Mikhail Kasyanov . Nemtsov ya ce ba ya gudu a wani bangare saboda imanin cewa gwamnati ta riga ta ƙaddara wanda ya lashe zaben.

A ranar 13 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, Nemtsov da Garry Kasparov sun kafa kungiyar adawa ta siyasa Solidarnost (Solidarity). Kungiyar ta yi fatan hada kan dakarun adawa a Rasha. Nemtsov ya ce a watan Fabrairun 2011 cewa Solidarity ta "yi duk abin da za ta iya don warware" rikice-rikice a cikin 'yan adawa kuma cewa wadanda "ke ƙoƙarin haifar da rikici tsakanin' yan adawa, ko da gangan ko ba tare da saninsu ba, suna taimaka wa Putin ya ci gaba da mulki.

A wani taron Solidarnost a ranar 12 ga Maris 2009, Nemtsov ya sanar da cewa zai tsaya takarar magajin gari na Sochi a zaben 26 ga Afrilu. A matsayinsa na ɗan asalin Sochi, ya soki shirye-shiryen gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a garin. Ya yi imanin cewa wannan zargi ne ya sa mambobin Nashi su kai masa hari da ammonium chloride a ranar 23 ga Maris 2009.

A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Maris na 2010, Nemtsov ya soki shawarar da aka yanke na gudanar da gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi a Sochi, yana mai cewa Putin ya sami "daya daga cikin wurare guda daya tilo a Rasha inda babu dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi. ... Sochi yana da yanayi mai zafi. Babu al'adar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ko wasan hockey a can. Gine-ginen da aka yi a wurin gasar Olympics ya kasance "mummuna" ga tattalin arzikin cikin gida, ya kara da cewa, an kwashe 'yan kasar kusan 5,000 daga gidajensu domin gina kayayyakin wasannin Olympics. Ya kuma kara da cewa, “saboda almundahana da gazawar hukumomi, har yanzu ba a biya wa wadannan mutanen diyya na dukiyoyinsu ba, ko kuma a ba su gidaje makamancin haka a wani waje, kamar yadda aka yi musu alkawari. biliyoyin daloli sun bace kawai."  –

On 27 April 2009, it was announced that the acting Sochi mayor and United Russia candidate Anatoly Pakhomov had won the election with 77% of the vote. Nemtsov, who came second with around 14% of the vote, contested the fairness of the election, alleging that he was denied media access and that government workers had been pressured to vote for Pakhomov.

Shugaban Rasha Dmitry Medvedev tare da Nemtsov da Vladimir Ryzhkov, Fabrairu 2012

Nemtsov yana cikin masu sa hannu na asali 34 na kan layi na anti-Putin manifesto "Putin Must Go", wanda aka buga a ranar 10 ga Maris 2010 Biki. A watan Mayu 2011, jam'iyyar ta nemi rajista tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a, amma an ki amincewa da bukatar bayan wata daya.

Da yake amsa tambayar "Nemtsov, Milov da Ryzhkov da sauransu, me suke so da gaske?" a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kai tsaye a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2010, Putin ya bayyana cewa a cikin shekarun 1990 "sun ja biliyoyin da yawa tare da Berezovsky da waɗanda ke cikin kurkuku yanzu... An cire su daga cikin shagon, suna kashe kuɗi mai yawa, kuma yanzu suna so su koma su cika aljihun su". A watan Janairun 2011, Nemtsov, Milov da Ryzhkov sun gabatar da kara game da sanarwar Putin a gaban Kotun Birnin Moscow, amma a watan da ya biyo baya an kori karar. A cewar alƙalin, Tatiana Adamova, an yi amfani da sunayen Nemtsov, Milov da Ryzhkov ne kawai a matsayin sunaye na yau da kullun don komawa ga wani aji na 'yan siyasa.

Nemtsov ya yi abota da Michael McFaul, mai yiwuwa a wani lokaci kafin a nada shi jakadan Amurka a Rasha a watan Disamba na 2011. Ambasada McFaul ya tuna da Nemtsov ya gaya masa cewa hanya mafi kyau da za a dakatar da Putin ita ce ta taimaki Ukraine ta rungumi dabi'un Yammacin Turai, domin a lokacin da'awar Putin na cewa dukkanin mutanen Slavic suna kama kuma suna da tabbas su mika wuya ga mulkin kama-karya, kuma Putin zai yi karya a cikin mulkin kama-karya.

A cikin wani rahoto na watan Mayun 2013, Nemtsov ya bayyana cewa an sace kusan dala biliyan 30 daga kudaden da aka ware domin gasar Olympics ta Sochi. Ya zargi gwamnatin Putin da yin katsalandan da almubazzaranci da kudade a wani mataki mai girma da ke zama barazana ga tsaron kasar Rasha. Ya ba da shawarar "kafa kwamitin jama'a da ke kula da binciken laifuffukan da aka aikata a kusa da aikin Olympics". 

Nemtsov game da wasannin Olympics na hunturu a cikin subtropics, 2014

Kaddamarwa a cikin 2007, 2010, da 2011

An kama Nemtsov a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 2007 yayin zanga-zangar da ba ta da izini ga Shugaba Putin kusa da Gidan Tarihi na Jiha. Nemtsov da wasu 'yan adawa sun koka da cin zarafi a hukumance, kuma an yi amfani da rundunar 'yan sanda sau da dama wajen wargaza abin da ake kira 'yan adawa a lokacin. An sake Nemtsov daga baya a wannan rana.

A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, an kama shi tare da wasu shugabannin adawa yayin wani gangami game da takunkumin gwamnati kan zanga-zangar jama'a. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa a ranar 2 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011 zuwa kwanaki 15 a kurkuku. Sanatocin Amurka John McCain da Joe Lieberman ne suka yi Allah wadai da tsare-tsaren, da kuma Amnesty International, wanda ya bayyana shi a matsayin fursuna na lamiri. Masanin Tattalin Arziki ya kira kama shi da "sabon rashin ƙarfi" a cikin mulkin Rasha. "Zaluntarsa da ake yi masa tamkar rashin mutunci ne....Ba shi da wata barazana ga gwamnati. An ba shi izinin gudanar da taron kuma yana kan hanyarsa ta komawa gida ne 'yan sanda suka dakatar da shi. An tuhume shi da laifin rashin biyayya ga 'yan sanda da kuma yin rantsuwa, duk da faifan bidiyo da ya nuna yana rokon 'yan sanda su kwantar da hankula.

A cikin wata hira da aka yi a watan Fabrairun 2011, Nemtsov ya tuna cewa tantanin da aka daure shi "ya kasance gidan kurkukun dutse, kimanin daya da rabi da mita uku, wanda aka rufe a cikin duhu mai duhu don haka ba zai yiwu a karanta ba. Babu gado, babu matashin kai ko katifa, kawai kasa." Ya bayyana cewa an kwace masa gilashin sa, bel, da igiyar takalmi kuma an ba shi wurin zama marasa inganci. Ya danganta matakin tsare shi ga Vladislav Surkov, mataimakin shugaban hukumar kula da harkokin shugaban kasar Rasha, ya kuma kira shi "yanke shawara ta siyasa."

A lokacin zanga-zangar 6 ga Disamba 2011 a Moscow, an kama Nemtsov tare da akalla wasu masu zanga-zambe ɗari.

Ra'ayoyin siyasa

Maris na Zaman Lafiya, taken "Domin Rasha da Ukraine ba tare da Putin ba!", Moscow, 15 Maris 2014

Bayan da aka kore shi daga gwamnati, Nemtsov ya zama wani muhimmin dan wasa a cikin maganganun siyasa kuma daga bisani a cikin adawa da gwamnatin Putin. Imani na siyasa na Nemtsov ya sa wasu suna kwatanta shi a matsayin "sabon mai sassaucin ra'ayi."

A watan Fabrairun 2011, Nemtsov ya ce: "Kowa bai ji dadin Putin ba, ya ceci watakila abokansa na kusa." Ya kara da cewa, "Shekaru uku a jere ana samun jari daga kasar, inda a shekarar 2010 kadai aka kwashe dala biliyan 40 daga kasar." Saboda haka, “ko a cikin jam’iyyarsa ta barayi masu cin hanci da rashawa ba a samu mutane da yawa da ke son bin sa ba har zuwa karshe".

Nemtsov ya ce:

Putin ya yi amfani da kewayen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow don aiwatar da tsarin ba da izini ga duka a talabijin; ya ci gaba da lalata NTV, sannan TV-6. Ya yi amfani da mafarkin Beslan wajen kawar da zabukan dimokuradiyya na gwamnonin yankin. A takaice dai ya ‘nutse’ kowa banda ‘yan ta’adda.

Nemtsov ya kuma bayyana cewa:

Akwai tatsuniyar da ke yaɗuwa game da yadda, a cikin 1990s, mu ƴan demokraɗiyya muka kasance abokan hulɗa tare da oligarchs yayin da Putin ke yaƙi da su. Daidai akasin haka. Ba mu bar Berezovsky ya sami gindin zama a (kamfanin iskar gas mafi girma a duniya) Gazprom ba, ba mu ƙyale shi ya mallaki kamfanin Svyazinvest (mafi girma na telecom na Rasha). Amma duk da haka Putin ya kasance yana zuwa bikin ranar haihuwarsa yana kawo furanni ga matarsa. Berezovsky ne ya nemi Putin ya zama shugaban kasa sannan ya ba da kudin yakin neman zabensa.

Nemtsov ya gaya wa Newsweek a watan Satumbar 2011 cewa shawarar da Putin ya yanke na sake tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa "ya kasance mai tabbas, amma muna firgita da munafunci da rashin amincewa da sanarwar: ya bayyana cewa yana dawowa tun kafin zaben. Putin da Medvedev ba su ma damu da raba shawarar su na musayar kujerunsu tare da jam'iyyar United Russia kafin majalisa ba. mamayewar ikonsa na karshe yana da wulakanci" Nemigrtsov ya ce "yauta wasu manyan abokansa a cikin manyan".

A cikin watan Maris na 2012 op-ed don Jaridar Wall Street Journal, Nemtsov da Garry Kasparov sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga "warke da gyara na Jackson-Vanik wanda ke kawo cikas ga huldar cinikayyar Amurka da Rasha". Nemtsov da Kasparov sun bayyana cewa a taron ‘yan adawa da suka biyo bayan zaben na ranar 4 ga watan Maris na magudin zabe, su da mukarrabansu “sun yanke shawara a bainar jama’a cewa Mista Putin ba shi ne halastaccen shugaban kasar Rasha ba. Sun bayyana cewa suna son "Amurka da sauran manyan kasashe na Duniyar 'Yanci [su daina ba da shaidar dimokiradiyya ga Mr. Putin", kuma sun nemi Amurka ta maye gurbin Jackson-Vanik da Dokar Bayar da Doka ta Sergei Magnitsky kuma don haka inganta dangantaka tsakanin Amurka da mutanen Rasha duk yayin da ta ki ba da taimako ga gwamnatin Putin.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, Nemtsov ya ce a madadin jam'iyyarsa:

Muna goyon bayan hanyar Ukraine zuwa haɗin kai na Turai [...] Ta hanyar tallafawa Ukraine, muna kuma tallafa wa kanmu.

Nemtsov yayi Allah wadai da harbo jirgin Malaysia mai lamba 17 a gabashin Ukraine.

My condolences to the families of the victims. The bastards, who did this, must be destroyed. The separatists the other day bragged they had the Buk missiles, with which they wanted to take down an An-26. If those are them, they must get no mercy. 

Nemtsov na daga cikin 'yan siyasa na Rasha da suka yi adawa da mamaye Crimea ta Rasha. Nemtsov ya bayyana cewa ya kalli Crimea a matsayin wani bangare na Ukraine, cewa ya yi la'akari da mamayewa ta Tarayyar Rasha ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma cewa mutanen Crimea ba 'yan majalisa na Rasha ba ya kamata su yanke shawarar wane ƙasa suke so su zauna. A cikin wani labari da aka buga a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2014 a cikin Kyiv Post, Nemtsov ya koka game da "yaƙin 'yan uwantaka" tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine.

Wannan ba yaƙinmu ba ne, wannan ba yaƙin ku ba ne, ba yaƙin 'yan fashi masu shekaru 20 da aka aika a can ba ne. Wannan shi ne yakin Vladimir Putin.

Ya zargi Putin da "kokarin wargaza kasar Ukraine tare da samar da wata kasa ta 'yar tsana, Novorossiya, wadda ke karkashin gwamnatin Kremlin ta fuskar tattalin arziki da siyasa." A halin yanzu, Nemtsov ya rubuta, "Rasha da kanta tana nutsewa cikin karya, tashin hankali, duhu da kuma yanayin daular." Ya bayyana cewa a wasu lokuta yana tunanin Putin mahaukaci ne, amma a wasu lokuta yakan gane cewa burin Putin ne ke tafiyar da shi: "kiyaye ikon mutum da kudi ta kowane farashi." Ukraine ta hambarar da "shugaban barayi," kuma Putin ya bukaci ya hukunta shi "don tabbatar da cewa babu wani dan Rasha da zai sami wadannan tunanin."

Ukraine ta zaɓi hanyar Turai, wanda ke nuna tsarin doka, dimokuradiyya da kuma canjin mulki. Nasarar da Ukraine ta samu a wannan hanya barazana ce kai tsaye ga ikon Putin domin ya zabi akasin tafarki - tsawon rayuwarsa a kan mulki, cike da son zuciya da cin hanci da rashawa.

Ya soki Putin a shekarar 2014:

Ba zan iya fahimtar abin da Putin ke tsammani ba lokacin da ya makamai 20,000 Kadyrovites. Putin ya ba da kuɗin Chechnya ta hanyar aika da jiragen kasa da ke dauke da kuɗi. Jamhuriyar tana karɓar mafi ƙarancin rubles biliyan 60 a shekara a cikin tallafi. Allah ne kawai ya san yawan kuɗin da ake fitarwa ta hanyar shirye-shirye daban-daban, kamar Arewacin Caucasus Resorts .  

A watan Afrilun 2014, a cikin wata hira da 'yan jarida Boris Nemtsov ya kira Putin mai haƙuri da hankali. An yi amfani da wannan bayanin a matsayin tushen ƙaddamar da shari'ar aikata laifuka a kan Nemtsov, amma, a ƙarshe, an mayar da shari'ar zuwa laifin gudanarwa.

Mutuwa

Tsoron Nemtsov

Kasa da makonni uku kafin a kashe shi, a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, Nemtsov ya rubuta a shafin yanar gizon labarai na Sobesednik na Rasha cewa mahaifiyarsa mai shekaru 87 tana tsoron cewa Putin zai kashe shi. Ya kara da cewa mahaifiyarsa ma tana jin tsoron oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky da mai fafutukar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa Alexei Navalny. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi idan shi da kansa yana jin tsoron rayuwarsa, Nemtsov ya amsa: "Ee, ba kamar yadda mahaifiyata take da ƙarfi ba, amma har yanzu..." A cikin wani tsawo na hira, Nemtsv ya ruwaito ya kara da cewa: "Ina wasa kawai. Idan na ji tsoron Putin, ba zan kasance a cikin wannan layin aiki ba.

Makonni biyu kafin kashe shi, Nemtsov ya sadu da "da wani tsohon abokinsa", Yevgenia Albats, editan mujallar New Times, don tattauna binciken da ya yi game da rawar da Putin ya taka a yakin Ukraine. Albats ya ce Nemtsov "ya ji tsoron a kashe shi", ya kara da cewa:

Kuma yana ƙoƙarin shawo kan kansa, ni da ni, ba za su taɓa shi ba saboda shi [tsohon] memba ne na gwamnatin Rasha, mataimakin firayim minista, kuma ba za su so su haifar da wani abin tarihi ba. Domin kamar yadda ya ce, wani lokaci mulki zai sake canza hannu a Rasha, kuma wadanda suka yi wa Putin hidima ba za su so su haifar da wannan abin koyi ba.

Kashewar Nemtsov (27 Fabrairu 2015)

Wurin kisan a gadar Bolshoy MoskvoretskyBabbar gada ta Bolshoy Moskvoretsky

Just before midnight, at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015, Nemtsov was shot several times from behind. He was crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in Moscow, close to the Kremlin walls and Red Square. He died at the scene. He was murdered less than two days before he was due to take part in a peace rally against Russian involvement in the war in Ukraine and the financial crisis in Russia.

BBC News ta ya ruwaito cewa: "A cikin sakonsa na karshe na twitter, Mr. Nemtsov ya aika da kira ga 'yan adawar Rasha da su hada kai a wani gangamin yaki da yaki da yake shirin yi a ranar Lahadi." Har ila yau, BBC ta nakalto shi yana cewa: "Idan kun goyi bayan dakatar da yakin Rasha da Ukraine, idan kun goyi bayan dakatar da zaluncin Putin, ku zo taron bazara a Maryino a ranar 1 ga Maris. "

Dare bayan kisan Nemtsov, an kwace takardunsa, rubuce-rubucensa da kwamfuta a cikin binciken 'yan sanda na gidansa a titin Malaya Ordynka .

Sakamakon, mahallin da zarge-zarge

'Yar jaridar Rasha Ksenia Sobchak ta ce Nemtsov ya kasance yana shirya wani rahoto da ke tabbatar da kasancewar sojojin Rasha a gabashin Ukraine duk da musantawar da hukuma ta yi.

Makonni biyu kafin kisan nasa, Nemtsov "ya sadu da wani tsohon abokinsa don tattauna sabon binciken da ya yi a kan abin da ya ce yana tarwatsawa da kuma munanan ayyuka a cikin Kremlin." Editan Mujallar The New Times, Yevgenia Albats, ta ce Nemtsov ya yi aiki a kan wani rahoto da ya shirya ya kira "Putin da yaki", saboda ya mayar da hankali ne kan rawar da Rasha ta taka a yakin Ukraine. Albats yayi sharhi game da tsoronta ga rayuwar Nemtsov.

Wasu mutane sun zargi jami'an tsaro na Rasha da alhakin laifin. Vladimir Milov, tsohon mataimakin ministan makamashi kuma ɗan adawa, ya ce: "Akwai wata shakka cewa jihar tana bayan kisan Boris Nemtsov" kuma ya bayyana cewa manufar ita ce "tsiro tsoro. " Mai fafutukar adawa Maxim Katz ya dauki Putin da alhakin: "Idan ya ba da umarni, to yana da laifi a matsayin mai ba da umarnin. Dmitry Pesutin ya lura da mummunan kwangilar cewa duk mai tayar da wannan ya kashe mutane.

Shugaban 'yan adawar Rasha kuma abokin hamayyar Nemtsov Ilya Yashin ya yi iƙirarin cewa shugaban Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov ne ke bayan kisan Nemtsov, yana mai cewa "Chechnya a yau ƙasa ce ta kusan Islama a cikin Tarayyar Rasha wacce ba ta yi biyayya da dokokin Rasha, kuma wanda kawai ke da alaƙa da hukumomin tarayya shine karɓar kuɗi daga kasafin kuɗin tarayya. Al'ummar Rasha sun yi shiru saboda mutane suna jin tsoron Kadyrov. Zhannatsov ta sake cewa ta san wannan tsoro don kashe masu sukar.

Jim kadan bayan kisan da aka yi wa Nemtsov, 'yar jarida Julia Ioffe ta bayyana ra'ayoyin da dama game da laifin ya fara yaduwa. "Duk da haka muna iya tabbatar da cewa binciken ba zai kai ga ko ina ba," ta rubuta. "Akalla, za a kai wasu ruwan sabulun bakin ciki, wanda ake zaton mai jawo shi ne a gaban alkali, wanda za a yi wa wanda ya fi karfin iko tuwo a kwarya. Mai yiwuwa dai shari'ar za ta yi ta yawo tsawon shekaru a daidai lokacin da aka yi alkawarin cewa kowa na aiki tukuru, kuma ba za a gurfanar da kowa a gaban kotu ba." Ioffe ya ce Kremlin ta riga ta "lalata ruwa".".

A watan Maris, an sanya ma'aikata a Hukumar Binciken Intanet su bar tsokaci a kan kafofin watsa labarai na Rasha suna zargin 'yan adawa da kisan Nemtsov. Ma'aikatan IRA na iya amfani da ko dai daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu a cikin maganganunsu: ko dai 'yan Ukraine sun kashe Nemtsov don kunyatar da Moscow ko magoya bayan Nemtsov sun kashe shi a matsayin "tsoro".

LifeNews, wani littafin da aka danganta da hukumomin tsaro na Rasha, ya ba da shawarar "ka'idoji guda uku masu yiwuwa", wadanda suka hada da cewa kisan "ramuwar gayya ce don tilasta Duritskaya zubar da ciki", ko kuma "yana da wani abu da kudin da Nemtsov ke karba daga abokan kawance a kasashen waje", ko kuma "yunkuri ne na lalata Kremlin." A wata sanarwa da kwamitin bincike na gwamnati ya fitar, ya yi nuni da cewa "Wani daga cikin 'yan adawar sa ne ya kashe Nemtsov, wanda ya so ya haifar da shahidi" har ma ya ba da shawarar cewa "kisan yana da alaka da kisan gillar Charlie Hebdo.

A cewar binciken Bellingcat Nemtsov ya biyo bayan kisan da kungiyar FSB guda daya ta yi wanda zai biyo bayan Vladimir Kara-Murza, Dmitry Bykov da Alexei Navalny kafin a kashe su.

Halin da kuma takunkumi

Wani mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa Gleb Pavlovsky ya ce Rasha ta shafi "yanayin Weimar" wanda "babu wani iyaka." Dan adawa Leonid Volkov ya ci gaba da cewa a halin yanzu 'yan kasar Rasha suna rayuwa "a cikin wani yanayi na siyasa na daban."

Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Rasha da ta kaddamar da "bincike na gaggawa, rashin son kai, da kuma bayyane" don tabbatar da cewa "waɗanda ke da alhakin wannan mummunar kisan kai ana gabatar da su a gaban shari'a". Shugaban kasar Jamus Angela Merkel ya yi Allah wadai da "kisan kai". Wata sanarwa daga ofishinta ta bukaci Putin "ya tabbatar da kansa cewa an bayyana wannan kisan kai kuma an dauki masu aikata shi a matsayin masu alhakin".

A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, Majalisar Gundumar Columbia ta gudanar da sauraro don yanke shawara kan sake sunan wani sashi na Wisconsin Avenue a matsayin Boris Nemtsov Plaza. Ofishin Jakadancin Tarayyar Rasha yana gaba da sashin titin da aka gabatar don sanyawa. A ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 2018, Majalisar ta amince da "Boris Nemtsov Plaza Designation Act of 2017" wanda ya ba da izinin sake sunan. An sake sunan ɓangaren titin.

Gabatar da Rahoton Nemtsov 2020 ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Kungiyar Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai a Hofburg

A ranar 12 ga Maris, 2019, Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta zartas da wasu kudirori da ke nufin dora wa shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin alhakin ayyukan kasarsa, ciki har da wani matakin yin Allah wadai da shugaban kasar Rasha da gwamnatinsa bisa zarginsu da hannu wajen yin rufa-rufa kan kisan da aka yi wa abokin hamayyar Putin Boris Nemtsov a shekarar 2015.

Bayan kisan Nemtsov, Serge Schmemann na The New York Times ya ba shi yabo a cikin wata kasida mai taken "A Reformer Who Never Backed Down". Schmemann ya rubuta: "Tall, beautiful, witty and irreverent, Mr. Nemtsov ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun samari da suka fashe a kan matakin Rasha a wannan lokacin mai ban sha'awa lokacin da kwaminisanci ya rushe kuma sabon zamani ya zama kusa da kowa". Julia Ioffe na The Nework Times ya bayyana Nemtsov a matsayin "mai iko, mai basira mai basira, mai basirar Putin wanda ke kusa da kowa"

A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin 2023, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta yanke hukuncin cewa binciken kisan kai da hukumomin Rasha suka yi "ba shi da isasshen tasiri kuma ba shi da tasiri" kuma an keta haƙƙin rayuwa.

Tabbacin da aka yi

Mutane da dama ne ake zargi da hannu a kisan, wadanda dukkansu ‘yan kasar Chechen ne. Wanda ake zargin tsohon jami'in tsaron Chechnya ne Ramzan Kadyrov, wanda kuma jagoran 'yan adawa Ilya Yashin ya zarge shi da kashe Nemtsov.

Five Chechen men were prosecuted for his murder. In late June 2017, these men were found guilty by a jury in a court in Moscow for agreeing to kill Nemtsov in exchange for 15 million rubles (US$253,000); neither the identity nor whereabouts of the person who hired them has been publicly revealed.

Taron Tunawa

Maris a cikin tunawa da Nemtsov a Moscow, 26 Fabrairu 2017

A wani taron tunawa da aka gudanar a Moscow a ranar 1 ga Maris, ranar da Nemtsov ya shirya ya jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa, masu makoki sun ɗauki alamun da suka ce: "Yana yaƙi don Rasha mai 'yanci," "Waɗannan harbe-harbe sun kasance a cikin kowannensu, "Ya mutu don makomar Rasha," kuma "Sun ji tsoron ku, Boris. "Dubban mutane sun yi tafiya a Saint Petersburg. Serge Schmemann na The New York Times ya rubuta cewa taron na Moscow ya zama kamar "tafiye-tafiye na tunawa da fatan da mafarkai da ke kusa da jikin Mista Nemtsov da aka kashe a tsakiyar dare a kan gadar zuwa Red Square".

A watan Agustan 2015, 'yar Nemtsov Zhanna Nemtsova ta karbi kyautar Solidarity ta Poland saboda aikin mahaifinta. A ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2015, masu fafutukar adawa a Moscow sun gina wani abin tunawa da aka keɓe ga Nemtsov a kabarinsa a Kabari na Troyekurovskoye, mãkirci 16. Abin tunawa, wanda aka bayyana a kan abin da zai kasance ranar haihuwarsa ta 56, ya nuna sunan Nemtsov tare da ramuka biyar da ke fure shi.

Dubban mutane sun yi tafiya a Moscow don tunawa da Nemtsov, 1 ga Maris 2015

A karshen watan Fabrairun 2017, an shirya zanga-zangar lumana da kuma sadaukar da allolin tunawa a Nizhny Novgorod, don tunawa da akidarsa da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da suka kai ga kashe shi.

Daraja da kyaututtuka

• Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", aji na biyu, (10 Maris 1995) - don hidima ga jihar da ke da alaƙa da kammala matakin farko na shirin mallakar takardar shaidar.
• Medal "Don Karfafa Brotherhood in Arms" (Ma'aikatar Tsaro) (2001).
• Order of Saint Prince Daniel of Moscow (ROC) (1996) - saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga gina al'umma.
• Alamar girmamawa ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Yankin Nizhny Novgorod "Merit" (26 Maris 2009).
• Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, aji na biyar, (Ukraine) (19 Agusta 2006) - don muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ci gaban hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, karfafa iko da kyakkyawan hoton Ukraine a duniya, fadada nasarorin tarihi da na zamani.
• Order of Liberty (Ukraine, bayan mutuwarsa).
• Kyautar Jan Karski Eagle (Poland, 15 ga Mayu 2015, bayan mutuwarsa).
• IRI Freedom Award (Amurka, Satumba 2015, bayan mutuwarsa).
• Boris Nemtsov Square (Jamhuriyar Czech, 27 Fabrairu 2020, bayan mutuwarsa)
• Boris Nemtsov Place (United Kingdom, 14 Nuwamba 2022, bayan mutuwarsa) - Majalisar Camden ta kira wani mahaukaci a Highgate "Boris Nemtsov Place", wanda ke cikin London Borough of Camden, kusa da yanzu da aka rufe Wakilin Ciniki na Rasha.

Littattafan siyasa

Tarihi:

• "Landunan" - 1997
• "Landarin a Moscow" - 1999
• Furci na ɗan tawaye - 2007

Da farko a cikin 2008, Nemtsov da Vladimir Milov sun buga wasu farar takarda da yawa suna sukar gwamnatin Putin tare da ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyin ci gaba ga ƙasar:

• Putin. Results – February 2008
• Putin and Gazprom – September 2008
• Putin and the Crisis – February 2009
• Sochi and the Olympics – April 2009
• Putin. Results. 10 years – June 2010, Putin: What 10 Years of Putin Have Brought, revised edition of the report Putin. Results of 2008.
• Putin. Corruption – March 2011. Written by co-chairmen of the People's Freedom Party Nemtsov, Milov, Ryzhkov and Solidarity movement spokesman Olga Shorina. The printing of the report was funded with donations. Entitled "Putin the Thief", this report stated that Putin's decade in power had seen "an extraordinary increase in the abuse of power and corruption." The report described Putin's corruption in detail and said that it far exceeded "the scale of corruption under Yeltsin." The report stated that corruption in Russia "has ceased being a problem in Russia; it has become a system" that "represents 25% of the country's GNP."
• In a May 2013 report, Nemtsov stated that up to $30 billion had been stolen from funds allocated for the Sochi Olympics. He accused the Putin administration of cronyism and embezzlement of funds on a level so grand it posed as a threat to Russian national security. He suggested "establishing a civic committee in charge of the investigation of the crimes committed around the Olympic project."
• At the time of his murder, Nemtsov was preparing for publication his next report proving the presence of Russian military in eastern Ukraine (BBC News International, 28 February 2015; a Russian source is quoting journalist Ksenia Sobchak on the matter). In May 2015, the report has been published under the title "Putin. War". The publication reported that more than 200 Russian soldiers were then operating in Ukraine.
• Nemtsov, Boris. 2000. "Reform for Russia: Forging a New Domestic Policy", Harvard International Review 22 (No. 2): 16–21.

Fim din

• 2015 - Abokina Boris Nemtsov (Russian: Abokina Boрис Немцов, Moj drug Boris Nemtsv), fim din da Zosia Rodkevich ya yi game da mutumin da kuma mai fafutukar siyasa Nemtsov.
• 2016 - <i id="mwBIg">Nemtsov</i> (Russian), fim din Vladimir V. Kara-Murza.
• 2016 - The Man Who Was Too Free (Russian), fim din da Mikhail Fishman da Vera Krichevskaya suka shirya.

Dubi kuma

• Gidan Boris Nemtsov, Prague